International family planning perspectives and digest最新文献

The incidence of abortion worldwide. 世界范围内堕胎的发生率。

International family planning perspectives and digest Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/2991869

S. Henshaw, Susheela Singh, T. Haas

{"title":"The incidence of abortion worldwide.","authors":"S. Henshaw, Susheela Singh, T. Haas","doi":"10.2307/2991869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2991869","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT Accurate measurement of induced abortion levels has proven difficult in many parts of the world. Health care workers and policymakers need information on the incidence of both legal and illegal induced abortion to provide the needed services and to reduce the negative impact of unsafe abortion on women's health. METHODS Numbers and rates of induced abortions were estimated from four sources: official statistics or other national data on legal abortions in 57 countries; estimates based on population surveys for two countries without official statistics; special studies for 10 countries where abortion is highly restricted; and worldwide and regional estimates of unsafe abortion from the World Health Organization. RESULTS Approximately 26 million legal and 20 million illegal abortions were performed worldwide in 1995, resulting in a worldwide abortion rate of 35 per 1,000 women aged 15-44. Among the subregions of the world, Eastern Europe had the highest abortion rate (90 per 1,000) and Western Europe to the lowest rate (11 per 1,000). Among countries where abortion is legal without restriction as to reason, the highest abortion rate, 83 per 1,000, was reported for Vietnam and the lowest, seven per 1,000, for Belgium and the Netherlands. Abortion rates are no lower overall in areas where abortion is generally restricted by law (and where many abortions are performed under unsafe conditions) than in areas where abortion is legally permitted. CONCLUSIONS Both developed and developing countries can have low abortion rates. Most countries, however, have moderate to high abortion rates, reflecting lower prevalence and effectiveness of contraceptive use. Stringent legal restrictions do not guarantee a low abortion rate.","PeriodicalId":81538,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives and digest","volume":"25 Suppl 1","pages":"S30-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2991869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68390025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 336

The incidence of abortion worldwide. 世界范围内堕胎的发生率。

International family planning perspectives and digest Pub Date : 1999-01-01

S K Henshaw, S Singh, T Haas

{"title":"The incidence of abortion worldwide.","authors":"S K Henshaw, S Singh, T Haas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Accurate measurement of induced abortion levels has proven difficult in many parts of the world. Health care workers and policymakers need information on the incidence of both legal and illegal induced abortion to provide the needed services and to reduce the negative impact of unsafe abortion on women's health.Methods: Numbers and rates of induced abortions were estimated from four sources: official statistics or other national data on legal abortions in 57 countries; estimates based on population surveys for two countries without official statistics; special studies for 10 countries where abortion is highly restricted; and worldwide and regional estimates of unsafe abortion from the World Health Organization.Results: Approximately 26 million legal and 20 million illegal abortions were performed worldwide in 1995, resulting in a worldwide abortion rate of 35 per 1,000 women aged 15-44. Among the subregions of the world, Eastern Europe had the highest abortion rate (90 per 1,000) and Western Europe to the lowest rate (11 per 1,000). Among countries where abortion is legal without restriction as to reason, the highest abortion rate, 83 per 1,000, was reported for Vietnam and the lowest, seven per 1,000, for Belgium and the Netherlands. Abortion rates are no lower overall in areas where abortion is generally restricted by law (and where many abortions are performed under unsafe conditions) than in areas where abortion is legally permitted.Conclusions: Both developed and developing countries can have low abortion rates. Most countries, however, have moderate to high abortion rates, reflecting lower prevalence and effectiveness of contraceptive use. Stringent legal restrictions do not guarantee a low abortion rate.","PeriodicalId":81538,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives and digest","volume":"25 Suppl","pages":"S30-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24084652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chilean women prosecuted after clandestine abortion are often reported by the hospitals that treat them. 在秘密堕胎后被起诉的智利妇女经常被治疗她们的医院报告。

International family planning perspectives and digest Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.2307/2991984

L. Schreck

{"title":"Chilean women prosecuted after clandestine abortion are often reported by the hospitals that treat them.","authors":"L. Schreck","doi":"10.2307/2991984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2991984","url":null,"abstract":"In Chile it is illegal to obtain provide or be associated with an abortion under any circumstance. Findings are presented of an analysis of court cases during 1983-84 and 1990-91 against women who had abortions people who provided an abortion and people prosecuted as accomplices to abortion in Santiago Valparaiso Arica and Temuco. Overall 90% of all people prosecuted were female. 159 of the 221 people involved in the cases studied were women who had had an abortion of whom only 38% had legal representation and 57% spent time in jail before their trial. 8% were younger than age 18 years 61% were 18-29 years old and 26% were 30-41. 43% of the women were married or cohabiting 44% were single and 5% were either widowed or separated. 61% already had 1 or more children. 80% of all cases were reported to the police or courts by someone affiliated with a public hospital typically when a woman presented for medical care due to the complications of an unsafe abortion. No case was reported to the police or courts by a private hospital or clinic. 70% of cases against women accused of having an abortion 62% of those against providers and participants and 66% of those against accomplices resulted in a suspension decree usually because the abortion could not be medically confirmed. 16% of women prosecuted for abortion were convicted of whom 80% and 20% were sentenced to 541 days and 3 years imprisonment respectively. Most were eligible for alternative punishments and spent no time in jail after their trial. The 40% of providers participants and accomplices convicted were usually imprisoned after receiving sentences of 541-1082 days.","PeriodicalId":81538,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives and digest","volume":"24 4 1","pages":"200-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2991984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68392007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A global review of laws on induced abortion, 1985-1997. 1985-1997年全球人工流产法律审查。

International family planning perspectives and digest Pub Date : 1998-06-01 DOI: 10.2307/2991926

Anika Rahman, L. Katzive, S. Henshaw

{"title":"A global review of laws on induced abortion, 1985-1997.","authors":"Anika Rahman, L. Katzive, S. Henshaw","doi":"10.2307/2991926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2991926","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000The legal status of induced abortion helps determine the availability of safe, affordable abortion services in a country, which in turn influences rates of maternal mortality and morbidity. It is important, therefore, for health professionals to know both the current status of abortion laws worldwide and the extent to which those laws are changing.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Abortion-related laws in 152 nations and dependent territories with populations of one million or more were reviewed, and changes in these laws since 1985 were documented.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Currently 61% of the world's people live in countries where induced abortion is permitted either for a wide range of reasons or without restriction as to reason; in contrast, 25% reside in nations where abortion is generally prohibited. However, even in countries with highly restrictive laws, induced abortion is usually permitted when the woman's life is endangered; in contrast, even in nations with very liberal laws, access may be limited by gestational age restrictions, requirements that third parties authorize an abortion or limitations on the types of facilities that perform induced abortions. Since 1985, 19 nations have significantly liberalized their abortion laws; only one country has substantially curtailed legal access to abortion.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000A global trend toward liberalization of abortion laws observed before 1985 appears to have continued in more recent years. Nevertheless, women's ability to obtain abortion services is affected not just by the laws in force in a particular country, but also by how these laws are interpreted, how they are enforced and what the attitude of the medical community is toward abortion.","PeriodicalId":81538,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives and digest","volume":"24 2 1","pages":"56-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2991926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68391344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 179

A global review of laws on induced abortion, 1985-1997. 1985-1997年全球人工流产法律审查。

International family planning perspectives and digest Pub Date : 1998-06-01

A Rahman, L Katzive, S K Henshaw

{"title":"A global review of laws on induced abortion, 1985-1997.","authors":"A Rahman, L Katzive, S K Henshaw","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The legal status of induced abortion helps determine the availability of safe, affordable abortion services in a country, which in turn influences rates of maternal mortality and morbidity. It is important, therefore, for health professionals to know both the current status of abortion laws worldwide and the extent to which those laws are changing.Methods: Abortion-related laws in 152 nations and dependent territories with populations of one million or more were reviewed, and changes in these laws since 1985 were documented.Results: Currently 61% of the world's people live in countries where induced abortion is permitted either for a wide range of reasons or without restriction as to reason; in contrast, 25% reside in nations where abortion is generally prohibited. However, even in countries with highly restrictive laws, induced abortion is usually permitted when the woman's life is endangered; in contrast, even in nations with very liberal laws, access may be limited by gestational age restrictions, requirements that third parties authorize an abortion or limitations on the types of facilities that perform induced abortions. Since 1985, 19 nations have significantly liberalized their abortion laws; only one country has substantially curtailed legal access to abortion.Conclusions: A global trend toward liberalization of abortion laws observed before 1985 appears to have continued in more recent years. Nevertheless, women's ability to obtain abortion services is affected not just by the laws in force in a particular country, but also by how these laws are interpreted, how they are enforced and what the attitude of the medical community is toward abortion.","PeriodicalId":81538,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives and digest","volume":"24 2","pages":"56-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24084651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Informed choice and decision-making in family planning counseling in Kenya. 肯尼亚计划生育咨询中的知情选择和决策。

International family planning perspectives and digest Pub Date : 1998-03-01 DOI: 10.2307/2991913

Y. Kim, A. Kols, S. Mucheke

{"title":"Informed choice and decision-making in family planning counseling in Kenya.","authors":"Y. Kim, A. Kols, S. Mucheke","doi":"10.2307/2991913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2991913","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed client interviews and observations of interactions between female family planning (FP) clients and staff from clinic and community-based providers in Kenya. Audiotapes were made of 176 counseling sessions over a 9- to 15-day period in 1993 at 17 service delivery sites: 24 community-based distributors (CBDs) and 37 clinics. The authors identified four key processes that assure informed and knowledgeable decision-making about FP: understanding personal circumstances considering alternatives choosing the best option and implementing the decision. Specific client and provider behaviors were associated with each of the preceding four steps in decision-making. Findings were aggregated per counseling session. 88% of clients were aged 20-34 years. Providers had an average of 7 years of FP experience. 78% of providers were nurses and the rest were doctors and counselors. Data on contraceptive methods was available for 153 women of whom 59 left with pills and 41 left with injectables. The 25 remaining women were asked to return after completion of menses. New clients left more often with condoms or foaming tablets. Findings suggest that FP staff can play a more active role by relating contraceptive information to a womans personal circumstances and by assisting women in considering options. Information on reproductive and marital history was collected in only 60% of the counseling sessions. Only 55% of counseling sessions asked continuing users about side effects. Sessions included discussions about four methods with new clients and two methods with continuing clients.","PeriodicalId":81538,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives and digest","volume":"24 1 1","pages":"4-11, 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2991913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68390621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 92

Induced abortion: a world review, 1990. 人工流产:世界回顾，1990。

International family planning perspectives and digest Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.2307/2133470

S. Henshaw

{"title":"Induced abortion: a world review, 1990.","authors":"S. Henshaw","doi":"10.2307/2133470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2133470","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide trend toward liberalization of abortion laws has continued in the last 4 years with changes in 10 countries. Laws have also become more restrictive in 4 countries but in ways that will affect few women. 40% of the worlds population now lives in countries where no specific justification is required to obtain an abortion and 25% lives where an abortion is allowed only if the womens life is in danger. Legal abortion rates range from a high of at least 112 abortions/1000 women of reproductive age in the Soviet Union to a low of 5/1000 in the Netherlands. In recent years abortion rates have been increasing in Czechoslovakia England and Wales New Zealand and Sweden and declining in China France Iceland Italy Japan the Netherlands and South Korea. Mortality from legal abortion averages 0.6 deaths/100000 procedures in developed countries with data. Abortion services are increasingly being provided outside of hospitals and for those performed in hospitals overnight stays are becoming less common. Suction curettage and dilation and evacuation the safest methods are increasingly being used in developed countries but are unavailable in some developed as well as developing areas especially where abortion is legally restricted. (Authors).","PeriodicalId":81538,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives and digest","volume":"16 2 1","pages":"59-65, 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2133470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69197707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 164