{"title":"[The theatrum anatomicum: a public-communicative fossil or an archetype?].","authors":"Jan C C Rupp","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public anatomy theaters are seen as the earliest form of popularizing medical science. In the seventeenth-century Netherlands they functioned as civic cultural centres, where, in wintertime, professors of anatomy presented anatomical demonstrations to a large and varied audience. During the remainder of the year the theatre was a museum of naturalia and artificialia, while it was also a meeting-place for scientists and artists. Although the anatomy lesson possibly was a moral-philosophical lesson about the relativity and fragility of the earthly existence rather than a public lesson in medicine, its sustained tradition certainly advanced the status and the development of the medical profession, and bred curiosity about medical insights in large sections of the population. Institutional aspects of this history, such as regulations and public accountability for ongoing medical experimentation, are still worth considering when designing current medical education.</p>","PeriodicalId":81331,"journal":{"name":"Gewina","volume":"25 4","pages":"191-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22330010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Medical communication about the management of depression, anxiety and sleeplessness in the Dutch women's magazine 'Margriet' between 1950 and 1960].","authors":"Jan Uttien, Toine Pieters, Frans J Meijman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reporting of health and medicine in the media played an important role in the way people perceived, defined and coped with everyday health problems in the second half of the twentieth century. It was and still is predominantly a supply-market which is dominated by the medical approach; creating a medical aura of progress and the self-evidence of a cure. Although the medical approach figured also prominently in women's magazines, the reporting of illness and health is far more a product of supply and demand with a lively interaction between readers and the editorial office by the means of topic-related letter columns. As such women's magazines not only offer a gender-specific but also a more balanced source for acquiring a better understanding of how public definitions and perceptions of illness and health changed over time. In this article we will focus on the communication about the management of health problems related to depression, anxiety and sleeplessness in the prototypical Dutch women's magazine 'Margriet' between 1950 and 1960. Our guiding research question has been: how do notions about depression, anxiety and and about responsive health behaviour, of which psychotropic drug use is a part, change over time in the reporting of health problems in Margriet? This question is of particular interest to learn more about the historical dynamics of the culture- and gender-specific public interplay between patients and doctors in terms of conceptualising the aforementioned health problems and defining medical coping strategies. Among other things we show that although there was hardly any mention of any 'functional division of labour' between mind and body in 1950, the mind-body dichotomy started to play an important role in the way health problems were perceived in 1960.</p>","PeriodicalId":81331,"journal":{"name":"Gewina","volume":"25 4","pages":"260-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22334947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[A blind bicycle repair man at the Stedelijk Museum: the exhibition and congress 'labour for the disabled' of 1928].","authors":"H J E Hermans, S H Schmidt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the 1920's concern about the rising number of disabled unemployed urban poor led to the founding of the AVO (Dutch organization for labour care for the disabled) in 1927. The AVO presented the problem of the vulnerability of the physically and mentally disabled in the labour market as a matter of collective responsibility. At the Amsterdam AVO congress of 1928 expert contributors discussed the economic, social and medical aspects of disability and work. Simultaneously, a museum exhibition aimed at arousing the interest of the general public and at promoting a more understanding attitude towards the disabled. Though the twofold AVO manifestation raised an immediate favourable general response and the subject was put on the political agenda, the subsequent economic recession and war forestalled concrete measures. Essentially it was the first public debate on disability in the Netherlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":81331,"journal":{"name":"Gewina","volume":"25 4","pages":"226-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22330012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Screening on tuberculosis: an occasion for public debate?].","authors":"M Dijkstra, F J Meijman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article focuses on the public debate in the mid-twentieth century concerning government-directed screening on tuberculosis as reflected in newspapers and medical literature. According to communication theory, media show a variety of functions within the process of democratic political decision-making. This study points out that all national Dutch newspapers, in contradiction to the theory underlined the ideology of screening without any critical contribution. The debate within the medical profession shows a defence of positions in a 'pillarized' society rather than a more ethical discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":81331,"journal":{"name":"Gewina","volume":"25 4","pages":"241-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22330013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[P. J. Vinken's science column in the weekly Vrij Nederland: 1959-1963].","authors":"Frans Meulenberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pierre Vinken (1927) began his professional career as a consultant neurosurgeon and ended it as chairman of the Reed Elsevier publishing company. Only a few insiders have ever known, however, that, in his younger days, he was an anonymous contributor to Vrij Nederland, at the time one of the two most widely read weekly newspapers in the Netherlands. During the period 1959-1963, the paper published a total of 175 of his articles. Though dealing with the wide range of subjects, ranging from linguistics to iconology, the majority of them were devoted to aspects of medical science. In retrospect, he was remarkably modern in the focus he brought to bear: spread the net wide in the choice of subject; rely strictly on tested research; seek always to keep an open mind; think logically and attack prejudice and superstition. Vinken's name does not feature in any work on Dutch journalism. However, bearing in mind the fact that he made his debut in the field as long as 14 May 1959, he must rightly be considered to be one of the pioneers of scientific journalism in the Netherlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":81331,"journal":{"name":"Gewina","volume":"25 4","pages":"275-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22332614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Images of patients in a modernising society: the Netherlands, 1880-1920].","authors":"Frank Huisman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this essay it is argued that advertisements for medicines in the lay press constitute an important source for the patient in medical history. At first sight, advertisements only seem to document the supply side of the medical market. However, the image of the proactive manufacturer offering his goods to passive consumers is a misleading one. For a manufacturer to get and remain in business, it was crucial to develop a sensitive antenna for the needs of the public. In a highly commercial domain like health care around 1900 production, distribution and consumption of medicines constituted an interactive cycle of which advertisements were a part. They mirror a subtle play with dormant notions about health, illness and healing. When looking at it this way, the health care system (or rather: the medical market) becomes a place where meaning is being constructed, negotiated and exchanged. Thus, by taking a closer look at advertisements, the demand side comes in sight as well. By using advertisements for medicines in the lay press as a source, it seems possible to overcome the objection that much patient history is still too much focused on the academy and on physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":81331,"journal":{"name":"Gewina","volume":"25 4","pages":"210-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22330011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}