AFA Watchbird最新文献

{"title":"IN AN ANCIENT TRADITION","authors":"Sheldon Dingle","doi":"10.2307/j.ctt1vwmgx9.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1vwmgx9.5","url":null,"abstract":"Nature has been a primary subject for art since the dawn of man. Some of the earliest examples of artwork are the cave paintings found at Altmira , Spain and Lascaux, France. These paintings depict bison, bulls, deer , horses, and people in various postures and in varying detail. The paintings were likely part of a ritual magic performed to assure good hunting for the primitive cave men of about 15,000 to 10,000 B.C.","PeriodicalId":7843,"journal":{"name":"AFA Watchbird","volume":"39 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80579468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Business Like Show Business","authors":"S. Molenda","doi":"10.5040/9781350054844.ch-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350054844.ch-007","url":null,"abstract":"M ention the words \"bird show\" and most aviculturists think of bird expos or marts where birds and related items are sold. However, these are fairly recent developments in the world of aviculture. For many years, indeed, centuries in some cases, birds have been exhibited for the purpose of improving them by selective breeding. While most breeders are simply happy to produce healthy offspring; people who show their birds want to produce the best possible bird of that species. Showing birds also has other rewards such as introducing people to many species and color mutations of birds they have never seen before. Showing can also influence the type of birds owned by a breeder and most successful exhibitors specialize in a certain species or genus of birds so they can have the ultimate control of their breeding operation program. When I decided to attend my first show, it was mainly to have fun with my friends and get an \"appraisal\" of the quality of my breeding stock. Since then, I received quite an education - one that is constantly being improved. Today, when I hold back breeding stock, I look for great bone structure first, tightness of feathers second, and strong, bright color along with a calm disposition. This way, I have gorgeous show birds AND sweet gentle pets. It's the best of both worlds. Exhibiting birds is not just for breeders but can be great fun for pet owners as well. There is no one so excited as a first time novice chewing their nails off while little Kiwi is being judged. Watching a beloved pet do well on the show bench is like watching your child's piano recital or school play. The best birds also enjoy it very much and will strut and turn to show off their best side. There are many bird shows nation wide sponsored by local bird clubs, including many in California. There are also two national/international shows in the U.S. The Great American Cage Bird Show, or GABS, is a show that was primarily designed to show hookbills. Then there is the granddaddy of all bird shows, the National Cage Bird Show which celebrated its 50th anniversary in Chicago November 1998. These shows are held in different locations throughout the country and are sponsored by a local bird club. The 2002 National will be held, for the first time, in Northern California and is hosted by the Santa Clara Valley Canary & Exotic Bird Club. The best way to learn about bird shows and how to exhibit birds is to join the Society of Parrot Breeders and Exhibitors and the North American Parrot Society, Inc. Both NAPS and SPBE have worked long and hard to establish standards for the judging of hookbills. Lovebirds, English Budgies and Cockatiels are usually judged under their own Societies' standards but may also be shown under SPBE and NAPS. These standards are scored on a point system based upon conformation, condition, deportment, color, and presentation. Since the primary purpose of showing is to produce the highest quality breeders, conformation is the most importan","PeriodicalId":7843,"journal":{"name":"AFA Watchbird","volume":"33 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81568411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wallace's Line","authors":"D. Thompson, S. Christian","doi":"10.4135/9781446247501.n4114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446247501.n4114","url":null,"abstract":"I Introduction n the mid-eighteen hundreds, professor T. H. Huxley wrote of Alfred Russel Wallace, \"Once in a lifetime, a Wallace may be found, physically, mentally, and morally qualified to wander unscathed through the tropical wild of America and Asia; to form magnificent collections as he wanders; and withal to think out sagaciously the conclusion suggested by his collections: but, to the ordinary explorer or collector, the dense forest of equatorial Asia and Africa, which constitute the favorite habitation of the orang, the chimpanzee, and the gorilla, present difficulties of no ordinary magnitude: and the man who risks his life by even a short visit to the malarious shores of those regions may well be excused if he shrinks from facing the dangers of the interior; if he contents himself with stimulating the industry of the better seasoned natives, and collecting and collating the more or less mythical reports and traditions with which they are too ready to supply him.\" Alfred R. Wallace was a self-taught naturalist who spent four years collecting and studying the plant and animal life of the Amazon Basin and another eight years in the Malay Archipelago. On the basis of his observations he formulated his own theory of natural selection and sent an outline to Charles Darwin which then pushed Darwin into publishing his Origin of Species in 1859. Both men had come to the same conclusion as to evolution of the species, hut Charles Darwin will be forever known as the creator of this theory. During the eight years from 1854 to 1862, Alfred Wallace traveled fourteen hundred miles among hundreds of islands in the Malay Archipelago. They included two of the largest, New Guinea and Borneo down to some of the smallest islets. Wallace was a collector, hut more than that he was an astute field observer and he tried to understand the how and why this new environment worked. He had a great opportunity to observe products of nature in their own surroundings that had been little touched by man. He could observe this earth with its own adaptations and adjustments, each plant and animal having its life enriched or destroyed on its own, not by the influence of man. A Fantastic Discovery Wallace spent his first two years in Singapore and around Sarawak, Borneo. It was after this time of apprentice that he decided to move onto other islands. He wanted to first investigate Makassar, Celebes (present day Sulawesi). But travel was very slow and inconvenient in those days and Wallace could not find passage directly from Singapore to Makassar. So he booked passage on a schooner sailing to Buleleng on the north side of Bali. Here Wallace spent several days observing the bird and insect life of Bali. He was delighted with what he saw and he shot and preserved specimens of wagtailed thrush, an oriole, and some starlings. He also collected some beautiful black and orange (on a white background) butterflies that were abundant on a country lane. All of the wildlife he observe","PeriodicalId":7843,"journal":{"name":"AFA Watchbird","volume":"20 1","pages":"14-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86946780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Egg Laying","authors":"K. Welle","doi":"10.1016/b978-1-4160-3969-3.00098-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-3969-3.00098-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7843,"journal":{"name":"AFA Watchbird","volume":"148 1","pages":"55-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77354539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Birds of Africa","authors":"Jack Clinton-Eitniear","doi":"10.5040/9781472926999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472926999","url":null,"abstract":"Publishers: Academic Press Price: $140.25 per volume (seven volumes are planned) Editors: Leslie Brown, Emil Urban, Kenneth Newman (Vol. 1). Subsequent volumes edited by C. Hila1y Fq, Stuart Keith and Emil Urban. Collectors and readers of ornithological books have undoubtedly seen a  number of series begun but not completed. Nothing frustrates one more than to invest several hundred dollars in volumes one and two of a four volume set only to discover that the last two volumes will not be produced. Fortunately for those with an interest in African birds this is not the case with The Birds of Africa. Volume one was published in 1982 and contained Ostriches to Falcons. Of interest to aviculturists are the accounts of penguins, storks, flamingoes and waterfowl. Number two in this series was available in 1986 and covered Gamebirds to Pigeons. Number three, published in 1988, was devoted to Parrots to Woodpeckers and finally volume three in 1992 tackled the first 312 of the roughly 1,200 passerine species on the continent and outlying islands. While it has been ten years since the first volume was available, it appears that with only three volumes remaining a series will actually be produced that provides all the volumes necessaq to complete its topical area! As with most comprehensive, hardbound books, this series is an investment of significant mag nitude. To obtain the first four volumes will \"set you back\" approximately $600.00. Another attribute of the \"series\" concept is that of constant price increases. This set has already spanned a decade so it seems reasonable that later volumes are increased by $20.00. Given the cost and difficulty of securing many African species for captive breeding, the purchase would justify itself if it contributed, even in a small way, to your successfully breeding or maintaining one pair of birds. Nevertheless, I have noted numerous single volumes on the shelves of aviculturists. Undoubtedly they purchased only those volumes that contained species they were interested in. While I encourage you to consider purchasing the series (one never knows, you may change your interest and experience difficulty obtaining new volumes) I have included a listing of the contents of each volume. The overall approach to species presentation is rather straight forward. Each species is discussed in terms of its range and status followed by a detailed description of the bird including immature and young, field characters, voice, general behavior, food and breeding biology. Reference is made to the various color plates that illustrate each species. While books do exist that deal with the birds of north, east and south Africa, this series also includes west Africa. Given that a number of finches are exported from west Africa, lack of a good handbook has contributed to our inability to breed these species. Unfortunately, the three remaining volumes will cover the remaining 888 passerines of Africa including the finches! Volume 1 Contents Orde","PeriodicalId":7843,"journal":{"name":"AFA Watchbird","volume":"61 19","pages":"16-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91406623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of Avian Polyomavirus to Inactivation","authors":"B. Ritchie, N. Pritchard, K. Latimer, P. D. Lukert","doi":"10.2307/27671087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27671087","url":null,"abstract":"Eight commercially available disinfectants, representing several major classes of chemical disinfectants, were evaluated for their ability to inactivate avian polyomavirus (Budgerigar fledgling disease virus). These disinfectants and their sources are listed in Table 1. Avian polyomavirus was considered to be a good test pathogen for a disinfectant because this nonenveloped virus is a frequently encountered pathogen that is considered to be relatively stable in the environment. Disinfectants were diluted according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Infectious virus preparations were placed in con tact with each diluted disinfectant for one minute or for five minutes at room temperature. After removal of the disinfectant by gel filtration, each sample was then placed on cultured cells to determine whether the virus was inactivated. Of the eight disinfectants tested, 0.525% sodium hypochlorite (Clorox) was considered the most economical. A stabilized chlorine dioxide (Dent-A-Gene) was effective and would be expected to be the safest. Chlorohexadine (Nolvasan) reduced but did not eliminate the infectivity of avian polyomavirus, which may explain why aviaries that use this disinfectant in the nursery frequently experience polyomavirus outbreaks. Heating the virus to 60°C for 5 minutes or 30 minutes reduced the titer of the virus, but did not eliminate infectivity. An Overview of Avian Polyomavirns The first acute, generalized infection associated with a polyomavirus was described in young psittacine birds and was called Budgerigar fledgling disease (BFD). 1•5 A virus that is similar to the one that causes Budgerigar fledgling disease has been shown to be associated with high levels of sickness, and in some cases death, in finches and a number of different genera of psittacine birds. It should be noted that while the polyomaviruses that infect Budgerigars, finches and larger psittacine birds have similarities, the clinical presentation, distribution of lesions and problems that the viruses cause within a flock are dramatically different among susceptible species.\"!' Infected Budgerigar neonates typically develop abdominal distention, subcutaneous hemorrhage, tremors of the head and neck and ataxia. Survivors may exhibit symmetrical feather abnormalities characterized by abnor- ma 11 y formed primary and tail feathers, lack of down feathers on the back and abdomen and lack of filo- plumes on the head and neck. When feather lesions are present, the disease is often referred to as French Molt. In larger psittacine birds, polyomavirus infections may cause a peracute death with no premonitory signs or death 24 to 48 hours after developing clinical signs including depression and anorexia, delayed crop emptying, regurgitation, weight loss, subcutaneous hemorrhages and diarrhea. Infections may occur in both parent and handraised babies and clinical signs are most common at the time of weaning.v\" 12-14 The feather abnormalities that are relatively common w","PeriodicalId":7843,"journal":{"name":"AFA Watchbird","volume":"11 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88636007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Spirit of Education","authors":"Roland G. Dubuc","doi":"10.1111/j.1949-8594.1936.tb11025.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1936.tb11025.x","url":null,"abstract":"Since the A.F.A. was first organized, I have felt an extreme need for the education of young people regarding the bird world. Last summer, during my sister's visit here, an excellent plan developed to put an educational program into effect. She suggested that it might be fun to set up her classroom with a breeding pair of finches. She also agreed to record her reactions so that we could anticipate what would occur in other classroom situations where the teacher was a true novice regarding birds. Plans were made and I finally arrived at my sister's classroom with the cage, birds, seed, and supplies. I was surprised at the amount of thought and preparation she had put into the project. She decided that with six year old students a full day on birds should take place. By the end of the day the students would be saturated with the subject. During the subsequent weeks of the school year just one period a day would be devoted to the birds. To arouse the student's interest, Claire, my sister, had told her class that there was a \"surprise\" day corning. She gave no hint of what the surprise would be. Long before the school day started we set up the large cage and the two pairs of Zebra Finches. When the children arrived they found the classroom door locked so no one could peek in. The bird cage was covered so that the more clever students could not discover the surprise through the classroom windows. When the door opened and the twentyone smiling faces came into the room, all of our efforts were paid for in full by the multitudinous smiles, Oos and Aahs, and \"look at that\". Once the students settled down, the five guests - four birds and myself - were introduced - and we held a question and answer period. After this, the students were told that the whole day would be a fun day with the birds but that there would be some work included. The religious portion of the class (Claire teaches in a parochial school) involved reading from a book titled New Friends which dealt with things to be thankful for, e.g., the little creatures such as birds. Following this, their prayers and intentions dealt a great deal with the birds and in one student's own words, \"hope for fertility\". Math was the next point of interest. The class was divided into three groups - each with a different type of math related exercise. My group worked on a maze - a picture of a canary in a cage with only one trap door (see sketch). The maze was difficult for some but when it was solved the students were allowed to color the canary they had helped escape. They were then asked to name and to spell the name they wanted to give this bird. All of this was in preparation for finding names for the four finches. The childrens efforts at coloring gave us green and pink parrots, black and green owls, purple and blue canaries, and other marvelous combinations. Reading was next on the agenda and we had on hand dozens of books that dealt with birds. With the help of teaching assistants the class was broke","PeriodicalId":7843,"journal":{"name":"AFA Watchbird","volume":"134 1","pages":"32-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73225081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Balancing Act","authors":"Carly B. Slavin","doi":"10.4324/9780080492834-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080492834-14","url":null,"abstract":"My paper is titled \"The Balancing Act\" and, contrary to popular conception, I am not here to demonstrate a collection of budgies sitting perched on the end of a judging stick. \"The balancing act\" is the toughest test facing our hobby at this time. I am referring to the loss of new members after having them raise birds and then exhibit those birds. Suddenly they quit the hobby! Why? I feel that they simply lose track of why they joined us in the first place. We put too much pressure on all exhibitors to win, place, and show and it is at the expense of their families and employers. We need to assist them to get their priorities in order and, in so doing, balance the needs of their families, their careers and, of course, our hobby. We are always attracting newcomers to the hobby but we are not always keeping them interested and with the loss of these people and natural erosion we are experiencing a decline in the numbers of three- and four-year members. I feel once we have an individual passed five years in exhibiting then we usually have a sincere hobbyist who will survive a few bad seasons. My goal is to offer a rather simplified method of looking after all of one's priorities and in doing so I hope to save one or two of the members we may otherwise lose. I am as good an example of the type of person we attract, get, and subsequently lose, as you will find. I was able to purchase my first budgie at age eight and my family always had a pet in the house. When I was old enough to have my own place I met an avid aviculturist and shortly thereafter I was breeding birds for exhibition. I was soon building cages, making nests, mixing foods, adding vitamins, selling pets, attending every show, buying new stock, culling old stock, visiting other breeders and driving myself crazy trying to get others to catch the wave. After all, didn't-everyone want to raise birds? Now if any of this sounds familiar, don't be surprised. I'm sure everyone has felt that way at some time in their life. Does any of this sound familiar? I ask you, were you not like this at one time and, if not, then I'll guess that you are just starting out. My work started to suffer; it's hard to concentrate when the hen in nest number four is about to hatch her first chick ever and you don't have a spare feeder set up and you may have to hand feed and why does the boss want to see you and why does he think you don't have your mind on your work and why are the kids making comments like, \"I wish I were a bird, too!\" The best moment of all comes when you sit down to a plate of soft food, water, and canary seed. Suddenly you realize that this is your hobby and not your employer's or your family's. The day that this sinks in is the day you should set out to put your perspectives on the perch. This day seems to arrive all too soon for many of our people. For some the day arrives the day that the bird they paid a fortune for just took the head off her only chick or how about the day the judge placed","PeriodicalId":7843,"journal":{"name":"AFA Watchbird","volume":"34 1","pages":"16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84880282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}