{"title":"WHAT IS A MOMENT ARM? CALCULATING MUSCLE EFFECTIVENESS IN BIOMECHANICAL MODELS USING GENERALIZED COORDINATES.","authors":"Michael A Sherman, Ajay Seth, Scott L Delp","doi":"10.1115/DETC2013-13633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2013-13633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomechanics researchers often use multibody models to represent biological systems. However, the mapping from biology to mechanics and back can be problematic. OpenSim is a popular open source tool used for this purpose, mapping between biological specifications and an underlying generalized coordinate multibody system called Simbody. One quantity of interest to biomechanical researchers and clinicians is \"muscle moment arm,\" a measure of the effectiveness of a muscle at contributing to a particular motion over a range of configurations. OpenSim can automatically calculate these quantities for any muscle once a model has been built. For simple cases, this calculation is the same as the conventional moment arm calculation in mechanical engineering. But a muscle may span several joints (e.g., wrist, neck, back) and may follow a convoluted path over various curved surfaces. A biological joint may require several bodies or even a mechanism to accurately represent in the multibody model (e.g., knee, shoulder). In these situations we need a careful definition of muscle moment arm that is analogous to the mechanical engineering concept, yet generalized to be of use to biomedical researchers. Here we present some biomechanical modeling challenges and how they are resolved in OpenSim and Simbody to yield biologically meaningful muscle moment arms.</p>","PeriodicalId":74514,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences. ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences","volume":"2013 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/DETC2013-13633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33243559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youhua Chen, Jian Zhang, Hongliang Wang, Guy Garty, Yanping Xu, Oleksandra V Lyulko, Helen C Turner, Gerhard Randers-Pehrson, Nabil Simaan, Y Lawrence Yao, D J Brenner
{"title":"DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY VALIDATION OF A RAPID AUTOMATED BIODOSIMETRY TOOL FOR HIGH THROUGPUT RADIOLOGICAL TRIAGE.","authors":"Youhua Chen, Jian Zhang, Hongliang Wang, Guy Garty, Yanping Xu, Oleksandra V Lyulko, Helen C Turner, Gerhard Randers-Pehrson, Nabil Simaan, Y Lawrence Yao, D J Brenner","doi":"10.1115/DETC2009-86425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2009-86425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents design, hardware, software, and parameter optimization for a novel robotic automation system. RABiT is a Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool for high throughput radiological triage. The design considerations guiding the hardware and software architecture are presented with focus on methods of communication, ease of implementation, and need for real-time control versus soft time control cycles. The design and parameter determination for a non-contact PVC capillary laser cutting system is presented. A novel approach for lymphocyte concentration estimation based on computer vision is reported. Experimental evaluations of the system components validate the success of our prototype system in achieving a throughput of 6,000 samples in a period of 18 hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":74514,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences. ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences","volume":"3 ","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/DETC2009-86425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29619566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}