21st century pathology最新文献

筛选

英文中文

Artificial Intelligence in Digital Pathology to Advance Cancer Immunotherapy. 数字病理学中的人工智能推进癌症免疫治疗。

21st century pathology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-25

Pingjun Chen, Jianjun Zhang, Jia Wu

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Digital Pathology to Advance Cancer Immunotherapy.","authors":"Pingjun Chen, Jianjun Zhang, Jia Wu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of many malignancies. For instance, in lung cancer, however, only 20~30% of patients can achieve durable clinical benefits from ICI monotherapy. Histopathologic and molecular features such as histological type, PD-L1 expression, and tumor mutation burden (TMB), play a paramount role in selecting appropriate regimens for cancer treatment in the era of immunotherapy. Unfortunately, none of the existing features are exclusive predictive biomarkers. Thus, there is an imperative need to pinpoint more effective biomarkers to identify patients who may achieve the most benefit from ICIs. The adoption of digital pathology in clinical flow, as being powered by artificial intelligence (AI) especially deep learning, has catalyzed the automated analysis of tissue slides. With the breakthrough of multiplex bioimaging technology, researchers can comprehensively characterize the tumor microenvironment, including the different immune cells' distribution, function, and interaction. Here, we briefly summarize recent AI studies in digital pathology and share our perspective on emerging paradigms and directions to advance the development of immunotherapy biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":72035,"journal":{"name":"21st century pathology","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9578679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10277526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Double Jeopardy: Loss of FMRP Results in DSB and Down-regulated DNA Repair. 双重危险：缺失 FMRP 会导致 DSB 和 DNA 修复下调。

21st century pathology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-17

Arijita Chakraborty, Andre Grageda, Vladimir A Kuznetsov, Wenyi Feng

{"title":"A Double Jeopardy: Loss of FMRP Results in DSB and Down-regulated DNA Repair.","authors":"Arijita Chakraborty, Andre Grageda, Vladimir A Kuznetsov, Wenyi Feng","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of the molecular functions of the nucleocytoplasmic FMRP protein, which, if absent or dysfunctional, causes the fragile X syndrome (FXS), largely revolves around its involvement in protein translation regulation in the cytoplasm. Recent studies have begun honing in on the nuclear and genomic functions of FMRP. We have shown that during DNA replication stress, cells derived from FXS patients sustain increased level of R-loop formation and DNA double strand breaks. Here, we describe a transcriptomic analysis of these cells in order to identify those genes most impacted by the loss of FMRP with and without replication stress. We show that FMRP loss causes transcriptomic changes previously reported in untreated conditions. Importantly, we also show that replication stress, in addition to causing excess of DSB, results in down-regulation of transcription in virtually all DNA repair pathways. This finding suggests that despite normal DNA damage response, FXS patient-derived cells experience R-loop-induced DNA breakage as well as impaired DNA repair functions, effectively a double jeopardy. We suggest that it is imperative to deepen the understanding of the nuclear functions, particularly a genome protective function, of FMRP, which will lead to discoveries of novel therapeutic interventions for the FXS.","PeriodicalId":72035,"journal":{"name":"21st century pathology","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/cf/nihms-1863323.PMC9850805.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10604397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0