生物科学与医学(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Betrixaban for Deep Venous Thrombosis Prevention in a Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease on Intermittent Hemodialysis.","authors":"Victoria M Stevens, Craig J Furnish, Tyree H Kiser","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2026.145027","DOIUrl":"10.4236/jbm.2026.145027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Betrixaban is an oral factor Xa inhibitor that is indicated for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in hospitalized patients. It has minimal renal excretion, but it is not well studied in patients with severe renal dysfunction or patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this evaluation, we discuss betrixaban use in a patient with ESRD on intermittent hemodialysis (HD) and a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and contraindication to heparin therapy due to a positive platelet factor 4 IgG antibody. The patient was started on betrixaban for VTE prophylaxis, dosed as 80 mg once followed by 40 mg daily for a total of 15 days of therapy before they were discharged. The patient was continued on their home dialysis schedule of three times weekly and received a total of seven sessions of HD while admitted. Several anti-Xa levels collected after the second dose of betrixaban ranged between 0.12 and 0.32 IU/mL, which were within the predicted therapeutic range for betrixaban based on previous pre-clinical studies. A trough level drawn on day 7 of 0.15 IU/mL indicated the absence of accumulation. Betrixaban was well tolerated with no reported bleeding or VTE events. This case report demonstrates the successful use of betrixaban without accumulation for a patient with ESRD on HD. Betrixaban may be a potential choice when standard options are unsuitable for VTE prophylaxis or in patients with contraindications to other treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":70913,"journal":{"name":"生物科学与医学(英文)","volume":"14 5","pages":"407-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Pirfenidone for the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report.","authors":"Carlie Cressey Brown, Shelby Evans Pons, Megan Anne Watson, Tyree Heath Kiser, James Charles Lavelle","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2026.143008","DOIUrl":"10.4236/jbm.2026.143008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an aggressive, inflammatory lung injury with a high mortality rate. While accepted management includes lung protective ventilation strategies, there is currently no mainstay pharmacologic treatment for ARDS. Adjunctive pharmacologic treatment may include glucocorticoids, neuromuscular blockade and inhaled pulmonary vasodilators. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic properties, pirfenidone presents as a potential therapeutic option for patients with ARDS.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present a patient treated with pirfenidone for ARDS. Our patient was a 31-year-old man who presented to the hospital with dyspnea on exertion and concern for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. After a complex hospital course, the off-label use of pirfenidone 801 mg three times daily was pursued to treat his ARDS. The patient's ARDS resolved after 10 days of pirfenidone, with no adverse effects, and he was discharged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case illustrates the potential utility of pirfenidone in the management of ARDS. After no improvement with widely accepted strategies including lung protective ventilation and steroids, the patient demonstrated recovery after the initiation of pirfenidone. We can infer correlation but not causation in this setting, prompting the need for further prospective randomized clinical trials to establish pirfenidone as a therapeutic option in ARDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":70913,"journal":{"name":"生物科学与医学(英文)","volume":"14 3","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12998239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and Post-Seasons.","authors":"Scott P Jerome, Kriya L Dunlap, Ava M Parrish, Matthew L Lowman, Emily M Shipman, Lawrence K Duffy, Arleigh J Reynolds","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2024.125009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2024.125009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause muscle fatigue and damage resulting in lower athletic performance. Several studies have investigated OS immediately before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycle. Our study aimed to compare OS of endurance athletes between a competition macrocycle and the immediate post-season recovery macrocycle. In addition, we aimed to identify athletes who experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic performance during the competition season in order to compare their OS to those who experienced no drop in performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen members of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team volunteered for this study. Blood samples were taken in early February (\"mid-season\") and late April (\"post-season\"). Participants completed questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic performance at the time of the blood draws. Plasma was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants displayed significantly higher (p < 0.05) SOD activity in the post-season (0.02065 U/mL ± 0.006477 SEM) as compared to mid-season (0.04459 U/mL ± 0.005860). Six athletes reported an unexplainable drop in performance (6D). In the post-season, HNE concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for 6D (197.5 μg/mL ± 22.79) than for participants who did not report such a drop (69.80 μg/mL ± 33.59). 6D SOD activity was significantly higher in post-season (0.05048 U/mL ± 0.004688) than mid-season (0.01241 U/mL ± 0.006469).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the post-season recovery macrocycle were higher in athletes who reported experiencing a drop in athletic performance during the competition season macrocycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":70913,"journal":{"name":"生物科学与医学(英文)","volume":"12 5","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}