阿尔茨海默氏病研究进展(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Semantic Intrusion Errors Overcome the Impact of Literacy and Educational Attainment in Black/African Americans with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Alexandra Ortega, Kirsten Horne Crenshaw, Triana Abel, Carlos Valentín-Camuñas, Stephanie Remedios, Brooke Bosworth, Sofia Ramirez, Dylan Hinton, Aleksandra Nedza, Elizabeth A Crocco, Rosie E Curiel-Cid, David Loewenstein","doi":"10.4236/aad.2025.144008","DOIUrl":"10.4236/aad.2025.144008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Loewenstein-Acevedo Scale for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L) is a novel test of learning and inability to recover from proactive interference. It has been successfully employed with older adults at risk for cognitive impairment but the association between literacy, educational achievement, and LASSI-L performance in underserved Black/African American (B/AA) older adults remains unknown. 83 participants were evaluated as part of a longitudinal observational study to render a consensus diagnosis based on comprehensive clinical history and neuropsychological evaluation. Participants were classified into two groups: 43 were diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 40 were cognitively unimpaired (CU). The Wide Range Achievement Test-IV (WRAT-IV) was used to determine levels of literacy. Participants completed the LASSI-L, an AD sensitive cognitive challenge test which was not utilized for diagnosis to avoid circularity. The CU group outperformed the aMCI group across all LASSI-L measures after demographic covariate adjustment. Robust associations were found between education, literacy, and correct responses on different LASSI-L word lists (but not semantic intrusion errors). In contrast, aMCI participants largely exhibited no associations between LASSI-L indices and literacy effects. Stepwise logistic regression achieved an overall accuracy of 81% in classifying cognitive status (84% CU specificity, 71% aMCI sensitivity). Literacy was related to certain LASSI-L measures of learning in CU participants, but not among individuals with aMCI. Even when adjusting for demographic covariates, the LASSI-L effectively distinguished B/AA CU and aMCI groups. Results underscore the practicality of the LASSI-L to assess cognitive impairment in individuals with lower literacy proficiency, as our model correctly distinguish 84% of cognitively unimpaired individuals and 71% of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":57126,"journal":{"name":"阿尔茨海默氏病研究进展(英文)","volume":"14 4","pages":"117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting Cognitive Impairment in African American Older Adults Using the LASSI-L and Plasma P-Tau₂₁₇.","authors":"Kirsten Horne Crenshaw, Alexandra Ortega, Rosie E Curiel Cid, Diane D Zheng, Minerva M Carrasquillo, Elizabeth Crocco, Sofia Ramirez, Alexia Frydman, Stephanie Remedios, Yariannis Vazquez Morales, David E Vaillancourt, Wei-En Wang, David Fernandez Garcia, Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari, Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner, Lindsey Kuchenbecker, Ranjan Duara, David A Loewenstein","doi":"10.4236/aad.2025.142002","DOIUrl":"10.4236/aad.2025.142002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects Black/African American (B/AA) older adults, yet this group remains underrepresented in research. Traditional neuropsychological assessments, often developed on predominantly White populations, may not be reliable for B/AA individuals. The Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L) have been shown to effectively differentiate individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. This study examines the relationship between LASSI-L performance and plasma p-tau₂₁₇ levels to explore early detection methods for AD in B/AA populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-six older adults received clinical and cognitive evaluations and were deemed cognitively unimpaired (CU) and p-tau₂₁₇ negative (n = 35) or met criteria for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and p-tau₂₁₇ positive (n = 21). All participants were administered the LASSI-L to compare groups, but it was not used for group allocation to avoid circularity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for age and MMSE score, the aMCI p-tau₂₁₇+ group performed significantly worse than the CU p-tau₂₁₇- group on both free recall on List B (Free B1 Recall) and frPSI (correct responses on Cued B2). These differences remained statistically significant after covariate adjustment (p < 0.001). In addition, four other outcomes remained statistically significant following covariate adjustment: the aMCI p-tau₂₁₇+ group exhibited a higher percentage of intrusion errors (PIE) on both Cued B1 and Cued B2, along with poorer performance on maximal learning ability (Cued A2) and PSI (correct responses on Cued B1). However, after applying the Bonferroni correction, only PIE on Cued B2 remained statistically significant among these measures. Notably, performance on LASSI-L Free B1 Recall and PIE for List Cued B2 were significant predictors distinguishing aMCI p-tau₂₁₇+ from CU p-tau₂₁₇- groups, with high sensitivity (80%) and specificity (91.7%). ROC analysis of these predictors yielded an area under the curve of 0.872 (SE = 0.055; p < 0.001), with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.765 to 0.979.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the utility of the LASSI-L in conjunction with plasma biomarkers, particularly p-tau₂₁₇, for early AD detection in B/AA older adults. The LASSI-L demonstrated strong sensitivity to cognitive impairment, effectively differentiating between CU and aMCI groups based on plasma p-tau₂₁₇ levels. These findings suggest that combining cognitive assessments with plasma biomarkers can enhance early diagnosis and improve timely interventions, addressing health disparities in AD diagnosis and care.</p>","PeriodicalId":57126,"journal":{"name":"阿尔茨海默氏病研究进展(英文)","volume":"14 2","pages":"23-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The computerized LASSI-BC Test versus the Standard LASSI-L Paper-and-Pencil Version in Community-Based-Samples.","authors":"Rosie E Curiel Cid, Alexandra Ortega, Ubbo Visser, Marcela Kitaigorodsky, D Diane Zheng, Diana Hincapie, Kirsten Horne Crenshaw, Ashleigh Beaulieu, Brooke Bosworth, Liz Gallardo, Emory Neer, Sofia Ramirez, Elizabeth A Crocco, Mike Georgiou, Efrosyni Sfakianaki, David A Loewenstein","doi":"10.4236/aad.2024.131002","DOIUrl":"10.4236/aad.2024.131002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proactive Semantic Interference (PSI) and failure to recover from PSI (frPSI), are novel constructs assessed by the LASSI-L. These measures are sensitive to cognitive changes in early Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and preclinical AD determined by A<i>β</i> load using PET. The goal of this study was to compare a new computerized version of the LASSI-L (LASSI-Brief Computerized) to the standard paper-and-pencil version of the test. In this study, we examined 110 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults and 79 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) who were administered the paper-and-pencil form of the LASSI-L. Their performance was compared with 62 CU older adults and 52 aMCI participants examined using the LASSI-BC. After adjustment for covariates (degree of initial learning, sex, education, and language of evaluation) both the standard and computerized versions distinguished between aMCI and CU participants. The performance of CU and aMCI groups using either form was relatively commensurate. Importantly, an optimal combination of Cued B2 recall and Cued B1 intrusions on the LASSI-BC yielded an area under the ROC curve of .927, a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 88.1%, relative to an area under the ROC curve of .815, a sensitivity of 72.5%, and a specificity of 79.1% obtained for the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Overall, the LASSI-BC was comparable, and in some ways, superior to the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Advantages of the LASSI-BC include a more standardized administration, suitability for remote assessment, and an automated scoring mechanism that can be verified by a built-in audio recording of responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":57126,"journal":{"name":"阿尔茨海默氏病研究进展(英文)","volume":"13 1","pages":"11-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation Is Associated with Alzheimer-Like Amyloidogenic Axonal Pathology and Dendritic Degeneration in Rats.","authors":"Xiaohua Deng, Meili Li, Weiming Ai, Lixin He, Dahua Lu, Peter R Patrylo, Huaibin Cai, Xuegang Luo, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoxin Yan","doi":"10.4236/aad.2014.32009","DOIUrl":"10.4236/aad.2014.32009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic neuroinflammation is thought to play an etiological role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized pathologically by amyloid and tau formation, as well as neuritic dystrophy and synaptic degeneration. The causal relationship between these pathological events is a topic of ongoing research and discussion. Recent data from transgenic AD models point to a tight spatiotemporal link between neuritic and amyloid pathology, with the obligatory enzyme for <i>β</i>-amyloid (A<i>β</i>) production, namely <i>β</i>-secretase-1 (BACE1), is overexpressed in axon terminals undergoing dystrophic change. However, the axonal pathology inherent with BACE1 elevation seen in transgenic AD mice may be secondary to increased soluble A<i>β</i> in these genetically modified animals. Here we explored the occurrence of the AD-like axonal and dendritic pathology in adult rat brain affected by LPS-induced chronic neuroinflammation. Unilateral intracerebral LPS injection induced prominent inflammatory response in glial cells in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampal formation. BACE1 protein levels were elevated the ipsilateral hippocampal lysates in the LPS treated animals relative to controls. BACE1 immunoreactive dystrophic axons appeared in the LPS-treated ipsilateral cortex and hippocampal formation, colocalizing with increased <i>β</i>-amyloid precursor protein and A<i>β</i> antibody (4G8) immunolabeling. Quantitative Golgi studies revealed reduction of dendritic branching points and spine density on cortical layer III and hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in the LPS-treated ipsilateral cerebrum. These findings suggest that Alzheimer-like amyloidogenic axonal pathology and dendritic degeneration occur in wildtype mammalian brain in partnership with neuroinflammation following LPS injection.</p>","PeriodicalId":57126,"journal":{"name":"阿尔茨海默氏病研究进展(英文)","volume":"3 2","pages":"78-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211261/pdf/nihms626560.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32784557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}