Tropical Grasslands最新文献

Varietal differences in yield and nutritional quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) accessions during 20 months after planting in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚苜蓿（Medicago sativa）材料种植后20个月产量和营养品质的差异

Tropical Grasslands Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(9)89-96

Tessema Tesfaye Atumo, Christopher S. Jones

{"title":"Varietal differences in yield and nutritional quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) accessions during 20 months after planting in Ethiopia","authors":"Tessema Tesfaye Atumo, Christopher S. Jones","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(9)89-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(9)89-96","url":null,"abstract":"Feed supply in terms of quality and quantity plays an important role in livestock production and productivity. Here we report on varietal differences in yield and nutritional quality among 9 alfalfa accessions over 7 harvests following planting in Ethiopia. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 3 replications at Chano Mille, Southern Ethiopia on a sandy loam soil where mean annual rainfall is 544 mm. Days to harvesting, plant height, dry matter yield, seed yield and the concentrations of the nutritional quality parameters crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose plus in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) were assessed to rank the accessions. There were significant (P<0.001) differences between accessions and harvests in plant height, dry matter yield and seed yield. Accession ILRI_7323A performed best in all agro-morphological aspects. All accessions, except 1, produced forage with CP in excess of 30% and IVDMD greater than 80% with RFV greater than 150 at 50% flowering, indicating the high quality of forage produced. Further studies to assess the longevity of stands of the various accessions seem warranted along with studies in higher rainfall environments or under irrigation.","PeriodicalId":54411,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands","volume":"9 1","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46595141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Challenges and opportunities for improving eco-efficiency of tropical forage-based systems to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions 提高热带牧草系统生态效率以减少温室气体排放的挑战和机遇

Tropical Grasslands Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(1)156-167

M. Peters, M. Herrero, M. Fisher, K. Erb, I. Rao, G. Subbarao, A. Castro, J. Arango, J. Chará, E. Murgueitio, R. Hoek, P. Läderach, G. Hyman, Jeimar Tapasco, B. Strassburg, B. Paul, Á. Rincón, R. Schultze-Kraft, S. Fonte, T. Searchinger

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities for improving eco-efficiency of tropical forage-based systems to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions","authors":"M. Peters, M. Herrero, M. Fisher, K. Erb, I. Rao, G. Subbarao, A. Castro, J. Arango, J. Chará, E. Murgueitio, R. Hoek, P. Läderach, G. Hyman, Jeimar Tapasco, B. Strassburg, B. Paul, Á. Rincón, R. Schultze-Kraft, S. Fonte, T. Searchinger","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(1)156-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(1)156-167","url":null,"abstract":"Forage-based livestock production plays a key role in national and regional economies, for food security and poverty alleviation, but is considered a major contributor to agricultural GHG emissions. While demand for livestock products is predicted to increase, there is political and societal pressure both to reduce environmental impacts and to convert some of the pasture area to alternative uses, such as crop production and environmental conservation. Thus, it is essential to develop approaches for sustainable intensification of livestock systems to mitigate GHG emissions, addressing biophysical, socio-economic and policy challenges. This paper highlights the potential of improved tropical forages, linked with policy incentives, to enhance livestock production, while reducing its environmental footprint. Emphasis is on crop-livestock systems. We give examples for sustainable intensification to mitigate GHG emissions, based on improved forages in Brazil and Colombia, and suggest future perspectives. Resumen","PeriodicalId":54411,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands","volume":"1 1","pages":"156-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67443734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Lessons from Silage Adoption Studies in Honduras 洪都拉斯青贮饲料采用研究的经验教训

Tropical Grasslands Pub Date : 2013-12-15 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(1)235-239

C. Reiber, R. Schultze-Kraft, M. Peters, V. Hoffmann

{"title":"Lessons from Silage Adoption Studies in Honduras","authors":"C. Reiber, R. Schultze-Kraft, M. Peters, V. Hoffmann","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(1)235-239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(1)235-239","url":null,"abstract":"To date, silage adoption has been low in the tropics, particularly under smallholder conditions. Innovation and adoption processes of silage technologies were promoted in drought-constrained areas of Honduras using a flexible, site-specific and participatory research and extension approach. A total of about 250 farmers participated in training workshops and field days conducted in 13 locations. Smallholders successfully ensiled maize, sorghum and/or Pennisetum spp., mainly in heap and earth silos, while adoption of little bag silage (LBS) was low. LBS proved useful as a demonstration, experimentation and learning tool. A ‘silage boom’ occurred in 5 locations, where favorable adoption conditions included the presence of demonstration farms and involvement of key innovators, lack of alternative dry season feeds, perceived benefits of silage feeding, a favorable milk market and both extension continuity and intensity. The lack of chopping equipment was the main reason for non-adoption by poor smallholders. The study showed that, when targeting production system needs and farmer demands, silage promotion can lead to significant adoption, including at smallholder level, in the tropics. This experience could contribute to an increase in effectiveness and sustainability of silage extension in similar situations elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":54411,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands","volume":"103 1","pages":"235-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67443794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Nitrogen management in grasslands and forage-based production systems – Role of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) 草地和牧草生产系统中的氮管理。生物硝化抑制作用(BNI)

Tropical Grasslands Pub Date : 2013-09-15 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(1)168-174

G. Subbarao, I. Rao, K. Nakahara, Y. Ando, K. Sahrawat, Tsehaye Tesfamariam, J. Lata, S. Boudsocq, J. Miles, M. Ishitani, M. Peters

{"title":"Nitrogen management in grasslands and forage-based production systems – Role of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI)","authors":"G. Subbarao, I. Rao, K. Nakahara, Y. Ando, K. Sahrawat, Tsehaye Tesfamariam, J. Lata, S. Boudsocq, J. Miles, M. Ishitani, M. Peters","doi":"10.17138/TGFT(1)168-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(1)168-174","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N), the most critical and essential nutrient for plant growth, largely determines the productivity in both extensive and intensive grassland systems. Nitrification and denitrification processes in the soil are the primary drivers of generating reactive N (NO3 - , N2O and NO), largely responsible for N loss and degradation of grasslands. Suppressing nitrification can thus facilitate retention of soil N to sustain long-term productivity of grasslands and forage-based production systems. Certain plants can suppress soil nitrification by releasing inhibitors from roots, a phenomenon termed ‘biological nitrification inhibition’ (BNI). Recent methodological developments [e.g. bioluminescence assay to detect biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs) from plant-root systems] led to significant advances in our ability to quantify and characterize BNI function in pasture grasses. Among grass pastures, BNI capacity is strongest in low-N environment grasses such as Brachiaria humidicola and weakest in high-N environment grasses such as Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and B. brizantha. The chemical identity of some of the BNIs produced in plant tissues and released from roots has now been established and their mode of inhibitory action determined on nitrifying Nitrosomonas bacteria. Synthesis and release of BNIs is a highly regulated and localized process, triggered by the presence of NH4 + in the rhizosphere, which facilitates release of BNIs close to soil-nitrifier sites. Substantial genotypic variation is found for BNI capacity in B. humidicola, which opens the way for its genetic manipulation. Field studies suggest that Brachiaria grasses suppress nitrification and N2O emissions from soil. The potential for exploiting BNI function (from a genetic improvement and a system perspective) to develop production systems, that are low-nitrifying, low N2O-emitting, economically efficient and ecologically sustainable, is discussed.","PeriodicalId":54411,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands","volume":"1 1","pages":"168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67443744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Adoption of tropical legume technology around the world: analysis of success 世界各地热带豆科技术的采用:成功分析

Tropical Grasslands Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-551-2

H. Shelton, S. Franzel, M. Peters

引用次数: 22

Aggregation, organic matter, and iron oxide morphology in oxisols from Minas Gerais, Brazil 巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州氧化土中的聚集物、有机物和氧化铁形态

Tropical Grasslands Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00010694-199910000-00007

C. Muggler, C. Griethuysenvan, P. Buurman, Terry D. Pape

{"title":"Aggregation, organic matter, and iron oxide morphology in oxisols from Minas Gerais, Brazil","authors":"C. Muggler, C. Griethuysenvan, P. Buurman, Terry D. Pape","doi":"10.1097/00010694-199910000-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199910000-00007","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristic strong aggregation observed in Oxisols is usually attributed to the presence of free aluminium or iron compounds. Previous investigation of Oxisols from Minas Gerais, Brazil, suggested that iron oxide minerals do not necessarily play a role in aggregation. Oxisol profiles developed on different parent materials (rock-saprolites and sediments), and with different degrees of polygenesis, were investigated to assess whether the physical makeup, rather than the iron content, determines aggregation. Oxisols were investigated by means of micromorphology and laser diffraction grain-sizing. Grain-size distribution curves were determined after three pre-treatments: shaking with water; removal of organic matter; and removal of organic matter followed by deferration. Micromorphology indicated that soils developed on rock-saprolites have hematite droplets (discrete, red colored, equidimensional concentrations) in the saprolite, whereas droplets are not found in soils on Tertiary sediments. However, secondary iron accumulations related to periodic water saturation are encountered in the soils on sediments and not in the soils on rock-saprolites. Grain-size distribution curves showed that the Oxisols on rock-saprolites do not have strong aggregation because of iron oxides alone. Conversely, aggregation by iron oxides is evident in the Oxisols on sediments. This indicates that remobilization of iron during soil formation is essential for iron forms to play a role in aggregation. These findings suggest that the mode of formation and iron mineralogy affect aggregation.","PeriodicalId":54411,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Grasslands","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61837663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

Landscape Ecology in Land use planning 土地利用规划中的景观生态学

Tropical Grasslands Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511614415.032

R. Jongman

引用次数: 29

Arachis pintoi Krap. et Greg. nom. nud (Pinto peanut) cv. Amarillo. Arachis Pintoi Krap。还有格雷格。名字。裸体（平托花生）简历阿马里洛。

Tropical Grasslands Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/EA9900445

B. Cook, R. Williams, Gpm Wilson

引用次数: 12