{"title":"Smart City Ecosystem: Assessment of the Sustainability","authors":"Evgeny Popov","doi":"10.14530/se.2023.3.160-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.3.160-172","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with studying the problems of smart city ecosystem functioning. The work considers the influence on ecosystem sustainability of external and internal influences on infrastructural, network, digital, institutional, resource elements of a smart city. The author proposes the principles of assessing the sustainability of a smart city ecosystem (infrastructural saturation, the level of development of network connections and digital technologies, the absence of failures of the institutional environment, minimization of transaction costs), implemented through the indicators of the number of stakeholders, the use of network and digital potential of the municipality, the level of institutional saturation, determined by the method of building an institutional atlas, the level of comparative transaction costs, determined by the construction of transaction functions. The author also proposes possible directions of further research in terms of expanding the theoretical and instrumental base of research","PeriodicalId":53108,"journal":{"name":"Prostranstvennaa Ekonomika","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Institutional Effects and Innovative Development of Russian Regions","authors":"Svetlana Doroshenko, Irina Shorokhov","doi":"10.14530/se.2023.3.113-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.3.113-135","url":null,"abstract":"The heterogeneity of the national socio-economic space implies the assessment of regional peculiarities of innovation activity responses to localized sets of various resources that contribute to its activation. One of the most important elements in the composition of these sets of resources is the institutional conditions in the respective territory, the diversity of which at a given degree of technological and economic development can bear different results. These assumptions served as the basis for the present study, the purpose of which is to substantiate the manifestation of various institutional effects arising in Russian regions and to assess their impact on innovative development. In this study, the authors understand institutional factors as scientific and educational potential, the level of bureaucracy as one of the consequences of the local specificity of managerial impacts, the level of criminality, and entrepreneurial activity. The subject of the study is institutional effects resulting from the action of institutional factors affecting the innovative development of Russian regions. The aim is to assess the influence of institutional effects, i.e. scientific and educational environment, entrepreneurial, criminogenic, and bureaucratic, on the level of innovative development of regions. Panel data on 83 subjects of the Russian Federation for the period between the years 2000 and 2020 were used as the information basis. The peculiarity of the study is the use of the quantile regression method. The results of the study reveal positive influence of the effects of scientific and educational environment, and entrepreneurship and negative influence of the bureaucratic effect for all groups of regions. The inverse U-shaped relation between the criminogenic effect and innovation activity was confirmed for 80% of regions. It was found that the quality of institutions and the development of small entrepreneurship are more significant for regions with a low level of innovation activity than for regions that are innovation leaders","PeriodicalId":53108,"journal":{"name":"Prostranstvennaa Ekonomika","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural Resources in Economic Development: Evolution of Theoretical Approaches","authors":"Olga Dyomina","doi":"10.14530/se.2023.3.136-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.3.136-159","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the evolution of the main theoretical approaches considering the role of natural resources in economic development in the XVIII-XXI centuries. The study revels three main functions of natural resources in the economy: a factor of production, a traded commodity and natural capital as a component of national wealth (along with real and human capital). It is shown that at the present stage globalization processes have determined the dominant function of natural resources as a tradable commodity. It is determined that if until the end of the XX century the presence of rich and diverse natural resources ensured economic growth, then in the subsequent period natural resources had a multidirectional impact on economic dynamics. The author performs a comparative analysis of three theories that take natural resources into account: neoclassical theory of economic growth, neoclassical theory of international trade and institutional theory. In the neoclassical theory of economic growth natural resources are considered as a factor of production, which act as determinants of economic growth. This theory formulates the Dasgupta – Heal – Solow – Stiglitz model, which defines the conditions for sustainable economic growth in an economy with non-renewable natural resources. In the neoclassical theory of international trade, natural resources are primarily considered as a tradable commodity, and the possibilities of development of the economy dominated by natural capital by increasing foreign trade rent are analyzed. Within the framework of this theory, three concepts explaining different channels of natural capital impact on the economy through the connection with foreign markets are formulated: the trap of raw material specialization, the Prebisch – Singer hypothesis and the Dutch disease. The macroeconomic causes of the resource curse are identified. Institutional theory studies the role of institutional conditions in the economic development of countries dominated by natural capital. Within the framework of this theory, it is shown that the quality of institutions determines the nature of the impact of natural resource surplus on the rate of economic growth; the resource curse is defined as a violation of incentives to accumulate different forms of capital; rent-seeking is one of the main channels of negative impact in conditions of weak institutions. All the theories considered allow us to conclude that the development of the economy based on the exploitation of natural resources is possible in the long term, provided that compensatory mechanisms are formed to ensure the transformation of natural capital into other forms of capital","PeriodicalId":53108,"journal":{"name":"Prostranstvennaa Ekonomika","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geographical and Product Decomposition of the Trade Agreements Effects in the Asia-Pacific Region","authors":"Dmitriy Izotov","doi":"10.14530/se.2023.3.083-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.3.083-112","url":null,"abstract":"Trade integration associated with globalization and regionalization processes has contributed to the expansion of trade among countries of Asia-Pacific Region (APR), with the contribution of the globalization process to the integration effect being dominant. This study tests the hypothesis that regionalization associated with trade agreements has stimulated trade in certain product markets concentrated within a particular geographical part of the APR. Disaggregation estimates of integration effects were made based on a gravity model for manufactured and primarily products traded in the Western macrozone, in the Eastern macrozone and between macrozones of the APR respectively for the period 1996–2021. The estimates confirmed the hypothesis that the positive effects of regionalization in the APR stimulated only by the market for manufactured products traded in the Western macrozone and between the APR macrozones. Correspondingly, the positive effects of regionalization for the Eastern macrozone countries for manufactured products segment during the period under analysis were associated with trade agreements exclusively with East Asian countries located in the Western macrozone. For the APR countries specializing in exports of primarily products, the long-term strategy of expanding trade agreements was not significant in contrast to countries specializing in trade of manufactured products and promoting industrial cooperation. The assessments revealed the suppression of primarily products trade within the Western macrozone, clearly indicating the targeted priority of trade agreements in expanding of manufactured products trade. The estimates also identified reasons for the dominance of globalization in the effects of integration in the APR: the functioning of the commodities market; the expansion of trade agreements among Eastern macrozone countries, driven by political rather than economic motives","PeriodicalId":53108,"journal":{"name":"Prostranstvennaa Ekonomika","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interregional Economic Interactions in the Light of Central Place Theory","authors":"Natalya Dzhurka","doi":"10.14530/se.2023.3.010-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.3.010-045","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers basic models of functional hierarchy of central places, which are based on different systems of axioms and, therefore, reproduce different spatial structures of economic interactions. This study substantiates the possibility of using these models in researches of wider class of hierarchical systems of central places, where central places are not the settlements, characterized by relations of mutual location and subordination, but the regions, the elements of national economic space, characterized by relations of coalition productivity. For the spatial structures of economic interactions described by Christaller, Tinbergen, and Losch functional hierarchy models, matrices of income flows and spatial multipliers are constructed. The incomes in the models of successively inclusive hierarchy of Christaller and Tinbergen are determined on the basis of the system of recursive equations, in the model of fuzzy hierarchy within economic landscape of Losch – on the basis of the system of simultaneous equations. It’s shown that for identification of types of spatial structures themselves – successively inclusive or fuzzy hierarchy, the parameter of nesting market areas as such has no special importance, and the polymorphism of the central places system can be determined by the structural parameters of spatial multipliers. The resulting matrices of income flows differ mainly in the number of allocated levels of the functional hierarchy and the configuration of trade flows between different levels. Compared to other models, the role of intraregional effects in the formation of income at different levels of the hierarchy is lower in Losch’s model, and the role of system effects is higher. The directions of search for meaningful generalizations during the transition from the theory to the concept of central places, oriented to the study of a wider class of hierarchical systems, were determined. They are: refusal from planar projections; determination of generalized characteristics of the system of central places (mass of central places and ‘distance’ between them); development of principles of coordination of conclusions of theoretical and conceptual designs; formulation and solution of the problem of multilevel analysis","PeriodicalId":53108,"journal":{"name":"Prostranstvennaa Ekonomika","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I Granberg School-Symposium of Young Scientists on Spatial Research","authors":"Olga Tarasova, Margarita Lebedeva","doi":"10.14530/se.2023.3.182-187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.3.182-187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53108,"journal":{"name":"Prostranstvennaa Ekonomika","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Convergence Patterns of Regional Income Inequality Levels in Russia","authors":"Konstantin Gluschenko","doi":"10.14530/se.2023.3.046-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.3.046-062","url":null,"abstract":"A recent paper found that during 1995–2012 the dispersion of income inequality between Russian regions was decreasing, i.e. convergence of regional inequalities took place. This result is of no use for analyzing the impact of socio-economic policy, as it may aim at reducing income inequality of the entire country’s population and regional populations, but in no way at equalizing inequalities between regions. Moreover, the found phenomenon itself can be either positive, if regional inequalities converge to low values, or negative, when they converge to high values. In order to clarify this issue, a more detailed study of the convergence process is needed. The aim of this study is to reveal the ‘anatomy’ of regional inequality convergence in 1995–2012, and the divergence that followed it in 2013–2022, i.e. the internal pattern of these processes. To this end, the paper explores the evolution of the regional Gini indices distribution, namely, that of main distribution statistics and the distribution itself (represented by a histogram). The results obtained suggest that convergence of regional income inequalities in Russia in 1995–2012 is almost exclusively due to ‘catching-up’ of low-inequality regions with high-inequality regions. Therefore, this process cannot be considered positive. Divergence of regional inequalities in 2013–2022, on the contrary, was accompanied by a decrease in income inequalities in the regions, improving the situation with spatial inequality in Russia","PeriodicalId":53108,"journal":{"name":"Prostranstvennaa Ekonomika","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interregional Integration and Business Cycles Synchronization in the Russian Economic Space","authors":"Artyom Isaev","doi":"10.14530/se.2023.3.063-082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.3.063-082","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the relationship between the degree of interregional integration of Russian regions and the corresponding national-regional business cycles synchronization based on quarterly statistics on the unemployment rate for 2010–2020. The unemployment rate is used as an indicator of the business cycle. To identify lags and leads between both types of cycles for each region, the Brechling econometric model of the regional unemployment rate is used. Regional integration indices, which are proxy indicators of the strength of interregional interactions, are assessed based on a method using regional annual consumer price indices for 25 groups of goods and services. It is shown that the distribution of integration indices across Russian regions from maximum to minimum has the shape of a plateau with a slight slope, ending with a rather sharp decline on the tail of this distribution. The distribution shows that the lowest degree of interregional integration is observed for the regions of the North Caucasian and Far Eastern federal districts. These federal districts are dominated by regions in which business cycles are poorly synchronized with national ones (which have lags or leads in relation to the latter), while for the business cycles of other Russian regions the absence of such lags and leads is more typical. It is also found that the sensitivity of regional unemployment levels to changes in unemployment at the national level is significantly lower for low-integrated regions compared to relatively highly integrated regions","PeriodicalId":53108,"journal":{"name":"Prostranstvennaa Ekonomika","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135914191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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