Journal of ophthalmology and advance research最新文献

{"title":"Ocular Manifestations and Visual Outcomes of Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis.","authors":"Timothy Do, Gaurav Gulati, Han Sung Lee, Lotfi Hacein-Bey, Branden Cord, Yin Allison Liu","doi":"10.46889/joar.2026.7307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2026.7307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ocular involvement in giant cell arteritis (GCA) is common, yet there is limited literature addressing its specific ocular manifestations and their impact on visual outcomes. The objective was to evaluate the incidence of visual involvement, treatment, relapse rate, and visual outcome in patients with GCA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single center retrospective cohort study. The study included 35 eyes from 37 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven GCA (TAB+), 39 eyes from 39 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed GCA and negative biopsy (TAB-), and 16 eyes from 21 consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with GCA without undergoing a biopsy (no TAB). We collected demographic and clinical presentation. 26/37 (70%) in the TAB+ group, 29/39 (74%) in the TAB- group, and 14/21 (67%) in the no TAB group underwent at least one neuro-ophthalmic exam. Eyes were grouped into no, mild, or severe ocular involvement. At each visit, patients underwent neuro-ophthalmic evaluation, ophthalmic imaging, and visual fields. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color perception (% correct), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC), area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and Humphrey visual field (HVF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within our entire cohort of 97 patients, 69 (71%) underwent neuro-ophthalmic examinations, 5 had unilateral involvement and 42 had bilateral involvement. At diagnosis, all patients were started on high dose prednisone, 9/37 (24%) intravenously and 28/37 (76%) orally. 16/37 (43%) patients were treated with adjuvant tocilizumab. Within our cohort, 5/97 (5%) patients had visual relapses, all within the first year after diagnosis. 15/50 (30%) eyes had no OI, 22/50 (44%) eyes had mild OI, and 13/50 (26%) eyes had severe OI. After 12 months of GCA diagnosis, patients with no OI compared to severe OI demonstrated: BCVA (logMAR 0.164 vs. 1.26, p<0.001), color perception (87% vs 6%, p<0.001), RNFL (93μm vs. 56μm, p<0.001), GCC (76μm vs. 52μm, p<0.001), FAZ (0.119 mm² vs. 0.314 mm², p<0.001), and HVF (-2.58 vs. -19.18, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Visual involvement in GCA is common. The affected eyes had irreversible vision loss. GCC, RNFL, and FAZ were associated with poor visual outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":524248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ophthalmology and advance research","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) Receptor Agonists on Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma: A Case Series.","authors":"Coy Steel, Catherine Johnson, Chase Paulson, Jesse Terrell, Qi N Cui, Lauren Blieden, Barbara Wirostko","doi":"10.46889/joar.2026.7306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2026.7306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) are antidiabetic and weight management medications that bind to GLP-1 receptors throughout the body. Growing interest in this class has led to several retrospective cohort studies reporting a decreased occurrence of glaucoma in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with the use of GLP-1RAs, suggestive of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Here we report five real world cases evaluating the impact of GLP-1RA and dual GLP-1/Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist use on Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurements and subsequent disease management in glaucoma patients.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>Case 1 (severe pigment dispersion glaucoma OU) was started on semaglutide on two separate occasions and exhibited clinically significant declines in home IOP tonometry readings after each initiation (OD max: 20 to 18, 16 to 14; OS: 22 to 15, then 20 to 17). Case 2 (severe primary open angle glaucoma OU) was a candidate for filtration device surgery when he began taking tirzepatide, after which a decrease in home IOP tonometry readings was observed (OD: 11 to 8; OS: 21 to 14), resulting in surgery postponement. Case 3 (secondary glaucoma OD following trauma) began taking tirzepatide shortly following glaucoma drainage device implantation and experienced unexplained hypotony (IOP: 25 to 4). Case 4 (severe POAG OU) was taking semaglutide with stable IOPs until pancreatitis prompted cessation of semaglutide, whereupon an increase in IOP was subsequently observed (OD: 23 to 30; OS: 16 to 18). Case 5 (undiagnosed) is a patient naïve to IOP-lowering therapy and initiation of tirzepatide correlated with an abrupt reduction in IOP observed in clinic (OU: 24 to 10).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and importance: </strong>These cases demonstrate a potential association between GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist use and IOP lowering in patients with glaucoma and help substantiate existing literature with real world cases, thereby highlighting the need for further prospective research on this emerging topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":524248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ophthalmology and advance research","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}