Clinical and translational neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Neuroimaging Correlates of the NIH Toolbox Cognition and Trail Making Tests: Normative Benchmarks in Healthy Aging.","authors":"Cuiping Yuan, Hector Acosta-Rodriguez, Nahla M H Elsaid, Clara F Weber, Pratheek Bobba, Anh T Tran, Ajay Malhotra, Seyedmehdi Payabvash","doi":"10.3390/ctn10010005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ctn10010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox cognition battery and Trail Making Tests (TMT) are widely used to quantify cognitive aging and to detect early cognitive vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease and related conditions. However, these tests are often treated as interchangeable markers of global cognition, despite likely differences in their dependence on specific brain systems, limiting interpretability across studies and clinical contexts. To address this gap, we examined associations between four commonly used cognitive measures-fluid cognition, crystallized cognition, TMT-A, and TMT-B-and multimodal MRI metrics in 725 healthy volunteers aged 36 to 100 years from the Human Connectome Project-Aging. Voxel-wise diffusion MRI and vertex-wise cortical thickness and volume analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and years of education. Higher crystallized and fluid cognition scores and faster TMT-A/B completion times were generally associated with greater white matter integrity. TMT-B showed the most extensive diffusion and cortical associations, involving major projection, commissural, and association pathways and frontoparietal and temporo-occipital cortices. TMT-A and crystallized cognition demonstrated intermediate, overlapping patterns, whereas fluid cognition showed only focal brainstem and limited cortical correlates. These findings demonstrate systematic differences in the neuroanatomical substrates underlying commonly used cognitive tests and provide normative structure-cognition reference maps that can improve test selection, mechanistic interpretation, and sensitivity to brain health in studies of aging, vascular risk, and preclinical neurodegenerative disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":521313,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational neuroscience","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12993754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147483227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Quality of Life, Brain Regions, and Cognitive Performance in Hispanic Adults: A Canonical Correlation Approach.","authors":"Juan C Lopez-Alvarenga, Jesus D Melgarejo, Jesus Rivera-Sanchez, Lorena Velazquez-Alvarez, Isabel Omaña-Guzmán, Carlos Curtis-Lopez, Rosa V Pirela, Luis J Mena, John Blangero, Jose E Cavazos, Michael C Mahaney, Joseph D Terwilliger, Joseph H Lee, Gladys E Maestre","doi":"10.3390/ctn9030033","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ctn9030033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quality of life (QoL) perception has been studied in neurological diseases; however, there is limited information linking brain morphological characteristics, QoL, and cognition. Human behavior and perception are associated with specific brain areas that interact through diffuse electrochemical networking. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to analyze the brain region volume (BRV) correlation with the scores of Rand's 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) and cognitive domains (memory and dementia status). We analyzed data from 420 adult participants in the Maracaibo Aging Study (MAS). Principal component analysis with oblimin axis rotation was used to gather redundant information from brain parcels and SF-36 domains. Canonical correlation was used to analyze the relationships between SF-36 domains and BRV (adjusted for intracranial cavity), as well as sex, age, education, obesity, and hypertension. The average age (±SD) of subjects was 56 ± 11.5 years; 71% were female; 39% were obese; 12% had diabetes, 52% hypertension, and 7% dementia. No sex-related differences were found in memory and orientation scores, but women had lower QoL scores. The 1st and 2nd canonical correlation roots support the association of SF-36 domains (except social functioning and role emotional) and total brain volume, frontal lobe volume, frontal pole, lateral orbital lobe, cerebellar, and entorhinal areas. Other variables, including age, dementia, memory score, and systolic blood pressure, had a significant influence. The results of this study demonstrate significant correlations between BRV and SF-36 components, adjusted for covariates. The frontal lobe and insula were associated with the mental health component; the lateral-orbital frontal lobe and entorhinal area were correlated with the physical component.</p>","PeriodicalId":521313,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational neuroscience","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}