Frontiers in malaria最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection in school-aged children in urban and peri-urban schools of Bamako, Mali.","authors":"Mahamoudou Toure, Fousseyni Kane, Daouda Sanogo, Soumba Keita, Bourama Keita, Abdoul Zamilou Aro, Moussa Keita, Drissa Konate, Sory I Diawara, Alpha S Yaro, Aissata Kone, Mahamadou Magassa, Salim Kante, Cheick O Tangara, Karamoko Tangara, Hamady Coulibaly, Bourema Cisse, Sidibe M'Baye Thiam, Amadou S Traore, Jeffrey G Shaffer, Nafomon Sogoba, Mahamadou Diakite, Seydou Doumbia","doi":"10.3389/fmala.2025.1596496","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmala.2025.1596496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urban malaria is an increasing public health issue for Africans in cities experiencing rapid demographic growth. School children bear the high burden of malaria, which affects their health and education; however, they are not covered by control strategies such as seasonal malaria chemoprevention. This study aims to evaluate the school-based prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection to inform targeted malaria control strategies in urban and peri-urban settings of Bamako, Mali.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The city of Bamako in Mali was divided into four ecological strata based on the risk for malaria transmission using GIS tools (urban center, high altitude, riverside, and peripheral neighborhoods). Within each stratum, three schools close to the community health center were chosen to randomly select 200 to 230 children aged 6 to 13 years old per school to collect information on malaria risk factors and test for P. falciparum infection using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRTDs) and microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the prevalence of P. falciparum infection varied from 0% to 15.5% between study sites. Travel history and fever were not associated with an increased risk of infection (p > 0.05). The odds of malaria infection increased by 2.4 among children with anemia (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.57, 3.61) and 3.8 among children living in an urban site along the Niger River (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 2.05, 7.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows significant spatial variation of P. falciparum infection within Bamako urban settings. The results suggest that, as in rural villages of Mali, school-aged children should be considered a major malaria parasite reservoir in the urban settings of Bamako. Interventions targeting this specific age group could reduce the malaria burden in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":520984,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in malaria","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12753135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting mucosal immunity in malaria control: the underexplored role of IgA.","authors":"Haruna Muwonge, Isaac Ssewanyana, Adoke Yeka, Pauline Byakika-Kibwika","doi":"10.3389/fmala.2025.1557371","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmala.2025.1557371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria remains a global health crisis, causing an estimated 263 million cases and 597,000 deaths in 2023. Current measures-including insecticide-treated nets, ACTs, and the RTS,S vaccine-have stalled in reducing mortality, highlighting the need for novel strategies. While studies IgG and IgM have dominated malaria immunology research, recent data reveal a broader role for Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Evidence suggests that IgA can block parasite entry, activate complement, and modulate inflammation, although its protective efficacy has yet to be established. This review synthesizes the emerging literature on sporozoite- and merozoite-specific IgA responses, examines how IgA arises in a \"non-mucosal\" infection like malaria, and explores vaccine platforms-oral, nasal, or prime-boost-that might harness IgA alongside IgG. We also identify critical gaps in correlating IgA levels with clinical immunity, emphasizing the need for specialized animal models and longitudinal human cohorts. Ultimately, leveraging IgA-driven mucosal immunity could significantly reinforce existing malaria interventions by preventing parasite establishment at mucosal or skin interfaces. By uniting mucosal and systemic immunity, research on IgA-based vaccines promises a next-generation approach to reducing malaria transmission, thereby creating a path towards global eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":520984,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in malaria","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12340628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}