Soheil Saghafi, Yashar Kiarashi, Amy D Rodriguez, Allan I Levey, Hyeokhyen Kwon, Gari D Clifford
{"title":"Indoor Localization Using Multi-Bluetooth Beacon Deployment in a Sparse Edge Computing Environment.","authors":"Soheil Saghafi, Yashar Kiarashi, Amy D Rodriguez, Allan I Levey, Hyeokhyen Kwon, Gari D Clifford","doi":"10.1049/dgt2.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1049/dgt2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bluetooth low energy (BLE)-based indoor localization has been extensively researched due to its cost-effectiveness, low power consumption, and ubiquity. Despite these advantages, the variability of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements, influenced by physical obstacles, human presence, and electronic interference, poses a significant challenge to accurate localization. In this work, we present an optimised method to enhance indoor localization accuracy by utilising multiple BLE beacons in a radio frequency (RF)-dense modern building environment. Through a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that using three BLE beacons reduces localization error from a worst-case distance of 9.09-2.94 m, whereas additional beacons offer minimal incremental benefit in such settings. Furthermore, our framework for BLE-based localization, implemented on an edge network of Raspberry Pies, has been released under an open-source license, enabling broader application and further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520961,"journal":{"name":"Digital twins and applications","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12305822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}