The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. Open science, education, and practice最新文献

{"title":"Structural Brain Changes Associated With Risky Drinking in Late-Life Depression.","authors":"David C Steffens, Lihong Wang, Kevin J Manning, Godfrey D Pearlson","doi":"10.1016/j.osep.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osep.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>As alcohol use is common among older depressives, we assessed structural brain changes over 2 years and examined their association with changes in alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Academic health center.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Adults aged 60 and older who met DSM criteria for a major depressive episode.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Participants were offered treatment with sertraline.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Participants completed structured interviews for reported alcohol consumption, had a clinical interview with a study psychiatrist, completed a cognitive battery at baseline and every twelve months, and underwent a 3T structural MRI as baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Volumetric brain changes were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 58 participants, 45 were classified as moderate drinkers (≤7 drinks/week) and 13 as risky drinkers (>7 drinks/week). Compared with moderate drinkers, risky drinkers at baseline had significantly thinner cortical thickness and smaller volume in several frontal cortical regions, posterior cingulate, postcentral cortices, right insula, right putamen, and right inferior parietal sulcus. Annualized change in cortical thickness and volume correlated negatively with changes in the average number of drinks per week. Decreased depression severity, increased cognitive function score, and decreased alcohol consumption over the 2-year follow-up were each associated with annualized volumetric changes in specific common regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These MRI findings demonstrate the adverse impact of alcohol use in older adults on the fronto-striatal circuit. They highlight the need for careful screening and treatment referral for risky alcohol use among older adults with depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":520900,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. Open science, education, and practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Engagement, Depressive Symptoms, and Loneliness, and Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in a Population-Based Cohort of Older Adults.","authors":"Pankaja Desai, Ted K S Ng, Kristin R Krueger, Robert S Wilson, Denis A Evans, Kumar B Rajan","doi":"10.1016/j.osep.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osep.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective of this study is to examine the association between social engagement and cognitive decline among participants with and without depressive symptoms and/or loneliness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study data is from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a population-based cohort study, located on the south side of Chicago, which consisted of interviews occurring every 3 years from 1993 to 2012. We conducted mixed effects regression analysis to examine the association between social engagement and global cognitive decline in CHAP participants. Models adjusted for and were stratified by depressive symptoms status and loneliness status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample includes 10,572 participants (63% black and 61% female). A total of 2,481 participants experienced more depressive symptoms, and 1,751 participants were lonely. A higher frequency of social engagement was associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline in individuals with and without depressive symptoms and/or loneliness. Participants who were lonely had approximately a 17% (β = 0.009/β = -0.054) slower rate of cognitive decline, and participants who were not lonely had a slower rate of about 12% (β = 0.006/β = -0.051), for a one-unit increase in social engagement. For each unit of increase in social engagement, participants with greater depressive symptomology had a slower rate of cognitive decline of approximately 14% (β = 0.009/β= -0.063), and participants with no to few depressive symptoms had a slower rate of decline of about 12% (β = 0.006/β = -0.049).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Social engagement slows cognitive decline in individuals with loneliness and/or depression. It is essential to build strategies for adhering to social activities into interventions that seek to minimize risk of cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520900,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. Open science, education, and practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}