Genomic psychiatry : advancing science from genes to society最新文献

{"title":"Translating stress systems: corticotropin releasing factor, its receptors, and the dopamine system in nonhuman primate models.","authors":"Julie L Fudge, Emily A Kelly, Iman Mahoui","doi":"10.61373/gp025i.0038","DOIUrl":"10.61373/gp025i.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress is a fact of life, affecting organisms from the smallest invertebrates to humans. Mediating the stress system is the ancient neuropeptide, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), which works as a neuromodulator to alter brain systems and homeostatic responses to stress. In humans, many stress-related psychiatric illnesses are linked to dysregulation of monoamine systems, which have cross-talk with CRF-enriched circuits. In this review, we focus on the CRF and the midbrain dopamine (DA) system, particularly as it relates to the nonhuman primate. While tremendous knowledge of CRF-DA mechanisms has been gleaned from rodent models, treatments for stress-related diseases have been elusive, raising the question of whether higher animal models might be required. Subtle shifts in CRF peptide or CRF receptor localization, and the expansion and complexity of DA neuron populations, may hold some of the keys to understanding long-standing stress effects on the DA system in humans. Our laboratory has especially been interested in laying out the neural architecture of the CRF-DA system interface in the nonhuman primate, as a close anatomic model for human. Using rodent models as a starting point, we describe aspects of this complex system that inform our understanding of CRF-DA interactions, and focus on results that have been, and those that still need to be, translated to nonhuman primate models.</p>","PeriodicalId":520875,"journal":{"name":"Genomic psychiatry : advancing science from genes to society","volume":"1 3","pages":"28-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early infant white matter tract microstructure predictors of subsequent change in emotionality and emotional regulation.","authors":"Yicheng Zhang, Layla Banihashemi, Amelia Versace, Alyssa Samolyk, Mahmood Abdelkader, Megan Taylor, Gabrielle English, Vanessa J Schmithorst, Vincent K Lee, Richelle Stiffler, Haris Aslam, Alison E Hipwell, Mary L Phillips","doi":"10.61373/gp025a.0026","DOIUrl":"10.61373/gp025a.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are rapid changes in negative and positive emotionality (NE, PE) and emotional regulation (e.g., soothability) during the first year of life. Understanding the neural basis of these changes during maturation can enhance the understanding of the etiology of early psychopathology. Our goal was to determine how measures of white matter (WM) microstructure in tracts connecting key emotion-related neural networks, including the forceps minor (FM), cingulum bundle (CB), and uncinate fasciculus (UF) interconnecting the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN), can predict developmental change in infant emotionality and emotional regulation. We used Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) measures together with conventional diffusion tensor metrics to examine WM tract microstructure and fiber collinearity in the primary sample (n=95), and modeled each WM feature with caregiver-reported infant NE, PE, and soothability, with infant and caregiver sociodemographic factors as covariates. In 3-month infants, higher neurite dispersion and lower longitudinal fiber alignment in the FM were associated with a larger increase in NE from 3 to 9 months of age, suggesting that greater integration of the DMN, SN, and CEN leads to a larger subsequent increase in NE; while higher neurite density and dispersion as well as lower WM longitudinal alignment in the left CB were associated with a larger increase in PE, suggesting that greater integration within the CEN leads to increasing PE over time. In addition, higher neurite dispersion and lower WM longitudinal alignment in the left CB were associated with a larger increase in soothability. Associations among diffusion tensor measures and changes in infant emotionality and emotional regulation measures were replicated in an independent test sample (n=44). These findings suggest that early infant WM microstructural features support infant emotionality and emotional regulation development and could represent early biomarkers of future emotional and behavioral disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":520875,"journal":{"name":"Genomic psychiatry : advancing science from genes to society","volume":"1 3","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent findings and future directions for the intersection of genetic and environmental contributions to schizophrenia.","authors":"Natassia Robinson, Sarah E Bergen","doi":"10.61373/gp024v.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61373/gp024v.0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well established that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to risk for schizophrenia (SCZ), and much progress has been made in identifying the specific factors conferring risk. However, the nature and extent of interactions between them has long been a topic of debate. Both the data and methods available to address this have evolved rapidly, enabling new prospects for identifying gene-environment interactions in SCZ. To date, there is limited evidence of strong gene-environment interactions, with environmental factors, molecular genetic risk, and family history simultaneously contributing to risk of SCZ. Still, there are several enduring challenges, some of which can likely be addressed with new tools, methods, and approaches for investigating gene-environment interplay. Consequently, advancements in this field will enhance our capacity to identify individuals most vulnerable to specific environmental exposures, which is pivotal for targeted prevention and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520875,"journal":{"name":"Genomic psychiatry : advancing science from genes to society","volume":"1 3","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating long noncoding RNA: New frontiers in biomarker research for mood disorders.","authors":"Bhaskar Roy, Anuj Kumar Verma, Ellie Marie Hulwi, Yogesh Dwivedi","doi":"10.61373/gp024i.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61373/gp024i.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unipolar and bipolar depression [major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD)] are complex psychiatric disorders characterized by disturbances in mood, affect, and cognition. Increasing evidence has confirmed epigenetic malfunctioning at the core of these two mental conditions; however, the exact molecular nature of that epigenetic maladaptivity is less known. Lately, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential epigenetic regulators of gene expression and cellular processes, offering new avenues for exploring the pathophysiology of mood disorders. In this report, we present a comprehensive review of recent clinical studies investigating the involvement of lncRNA in MDD and BD, and emphasizing their disease-specific contribution as potential biomarkers. We explore the dysregulation of specific lncRNAs detected in peripheral blood samples of individuals with mood disorders, while underscoring their significance for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting treatment response. Additionally, we provide future directions for lncRNA research in the context of mood disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":520875,"journal":{"name":"Genomic psychiatry : advancing science from genes to society","volume":"1 2","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons we learned from the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936.","authors":"Ian J Deary, Simon R Cox","doi":"10.61373/gp024i.0076","DOIUrl":"10.61373/gp024i.0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors are, respectively, the founding and current Directors of the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936. In this invited and, admittedly, self-regarding and necessarily self-citing piece, we enumerate and explicate some things we learned from working with the cohorts and their data. Some of the lessons are scientific results, some are to do with scientific practice, and some are more general reflections. We hope the paper provides a useful summary of some of the main findings from these too-many-papers-to-read cohorts and an enjoyable account of our building a research team and a network of collaborators. The original aim of assembling the cohorts was to fashion a tool to discover why some people's thinking skills aged better than others'. That tool, we discovered, had many additional uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":520875,"journal":{"name":"Genomic psychiatry : advancing science from genes to society","volume":"1 1","pages":"47-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}