Frontiers in adolescent medicine最新文献

{"title":"Age of onset of nicotine use and severity of nicotine addiction symptoms are associated with hippocampal volume in late adolescents and emerging adults.","authors":"Joseph P Happer, Kelly E Courtney, Rachel E Baca, Gianna Andrade, Qian Shen, Thomas T Liu, Joanna Jacobus","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1532450","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1532450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite declining use of traditional combustible cigarettes, the use of nicotine and tobacco-related products (NTPs) remains high among adolescents and emerging adults largely due to the use of e-cigarettes. Adolescents and emerging adults who initiate e-cigarette use reach comparable indices of nicotine dependence as traditional cigarette smokers and can report symptoms of dependence even before developing a pattern of daily use. Symptoms such as craving, positive and negative reinforcement, and biological markers of toxicity are closely linked to the development and persistence of substance use problems. Adolescents/emerging adults may transition to dependence more quickly than adults, and the age of onset of regular NTP use is a highly predictive risk factor for future use and problems. Within the brain, the hippocampus is particularly sensitive to the effects of nicotine and may play a role in the transition from NTP initiation to more habitual and even problematic use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional sample of healthy, NTP-using late adolescents/emerging adults (<i>N</i> = 86) ages 16-22 completed a structural MRI to examine whether subjective nicotine craving, stronger positive and negative reinforcement, elevated cotinine levels, and earlier age of onset of regular nicotine use would be associated with hippocampal volumes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across measures of nicotine addiction, linear regression models revealed an interaction between symptoms and age of onset of regular use. A general pattern emerged such that greater symptom severity and younger age of onset of regular use was associated with larger hippocampal volumes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide potential insight into the relationship between late adolescent/emerging adult brain health and a risk factor for NTP initiation and symptoms of nicotine addiction. Greater understanding of these interactions is essential for informing prevention, intervention, and public health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between child opportunity index and body mass index <i>z</i>-score: a mixed-effects analysis with data from a lifestyle intervention with Hispanic children.","authors":"Christian E Vazquez, Bethany Wood, Swasati Handique, Yuanyuan Liang, Zenong Yin, Deborah Parra-Medina","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1547910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fradm.2025.1547910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) is a relatively new measure for assessing opportunity across education, health and environment, and socioeconomic context. Research indicates that higher COI is associated with lower obesity risk; however, existing research offers no evidence for differences, or lack thereof, across racial/ethnic groups. The larger body of research on the relationship between neighborhood environments and obesity risk among Hispanic children with low-income between 5 and 11-year-olds is limited. The study aims to further explore the relationship between neighborhood opportunities, measured by the COI, and children's body mass index <i>z</i>-scores (BMIz), adjusted for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The data are from a sample of Hispanic child-parent dyads (<i>n</i> = 253) who participated in a 1-year family lifestyle intervention. A linear mixed-effects model was fitted, with BMIz as the dependent variable, COI categorized into four levels, time, parent BMI, family income, adult education, child age, child sex, calories, language spoken in the household, physical activity, group condition, and a time*group condition interaction. Predicted probabilities were also produced.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for covariates, children in the second (<i>β</i> = -.15, 95% CI = -0.27, -0.03), third (<i>β</i> = -.19, 95% CI = -0.31, -0.06), and fourth (<i>β</i> = -.15, 95% CI = -0.28, -0.02) quartiles of the COI quartiles had significantly lower BMIz compared to those in the first (lowest) COI quartile. Predicted probabilities show the different predictive margins of BMIz at each time point for each quartile compared to the first quartile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All the higher COI levels were linked to healthier weight status compared to the lowest COI level, though the pattern was not linear for any of the observed associations. Further investigation into the impact of different COI levels may be warranted to assess each quartile's impact against each other, which was outside the scope of the current study. Results also provide evidence for potentially strengthening intervention supports for those at the lowest COI level, respective to those from all other COI levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Use and Social Influence as Risk Factors for Nicotine and Tobacco Product Use in Adolescents and Young Adults who use Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.","authors":"Laura E Hatz, Kelly E Courtney, Alexander L Wallace, Natasha E Wade, Rachel Baca, Neal Doran, Joanna Jacobus","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1486782","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1486782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) use in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with negative health and psychosocial outcomes. This study prospectively tested alcohol use, cannabis use, and peer and family NTP use as predictors of NTP use in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who were NTP naïve or who primarily used electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (N=133) ages 16-22 completed a baseline laboratory visit and follow-up session one year later. Participants' baseline alcohol use, cannabis use, and NTP use by peers and family were tested as risk factors for any and moderate to heavy (at least monthly) NTP use at follow-up. Logistic regressions were conducted for the full sample (N=133) and in a subsample of participants reporting no to low NTP use at baseline (n=76).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline alcohol use, cannabis use, and peer and family NTP use were associated with NTP use at one-year follow-up, over and above baseline NTP use. Peer and family NTP use emerged as the most consistent predictor of AYA NTP use (ORs: 4.059 - 8.432), while recent cannabis and alcohol use exerted effects (ORs: 1.003 - 1.021) that varied by NTP use level.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A confluence of variables, including prior substance use and social and familial influences, act as risk factors for NTP use in AYAs who primarily use ENDS. Identification of risk and protective factors for NTP use is necessary to inform efforts to decrease NTP use in this developmentally vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on computational measures of neurocognitive processes are related to recent cannabis use among adolescents and young adults.","authors":"K J Paige, A S Weigard, O Ajilore, K L Phan, H de Wit, H Klumpp, N A Crane","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1541068","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1541068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabis and its main psychoactive constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are thought to weaken neurocognitive processes. However, past experimental research examining the acute effects of THC on neurocognition has produced mixed results. The current study aims to advance this literature through application of computational modeling and consideration of individual differences in cannabis use history and subjective drug effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a double-blind THC administration experiment, <i>N</i> = 30 healthy late adolescent and young adult occasional to regular cannabis users (53% men; ages 18-25) received THC (7.5mg, oral) and placebo. They completed a Go/No Go (GNG) task at the time of peak drug effect. We analyzed GNG data using the drift diffusion model, which provides measures of effects of THC on three components of neurocognition: cognitive efficiency (drift rate), response caution (boundary separation), and motor response execution processes (non-decision time). Bayesian statistical methods were used to assess relations between individuals' neurocognitive parameter differences across the experimental conditions (THC - placebo) and several relevant covariates (cannabis use history and subjective drug effects).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, THC versus placebo did not significantly alter any parameter. However, THC was associated with greater between-person variability in both drift rate and nondecision time, suggesting heterogeneity in the effects of the drug. THC weakened cognitive efficiency (slower drift rates) to a greater extent in participants with less cannabis use. Further, stronger subjective effects (drug \"effect\" and drug \"high\") were related to poorer cognitive efficiency during THC intoxication.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results add to our understanding of the acute neurocognitive effects of THC. Slower cognitive efficiency after THC was highly heterogeneous, and was related to both recent cannabis use and subjective drug effects. These findings support the notion that acute effects of cannabis on cognitive efficiency (GNG drift rate) are reduced by individuals' tolerance to cannabis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}