Frontiers in adolescent medicine最新文献

{"title":"Cannabis use frequency may differentially impact cognitive performance in young adults with and without HIV.","authors":"Sharon L Nichols, Kun Yang, Donni A Staley, Jillian O'Keeffe, Xin M Tu, Joseph P Happer, Kathleen Hall, Mingxin Deng, Sarah Hasheem, Runze Wang, Amy E Lansing, Joanna Jacobus, Christine Fennema-Notestine","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2026.1716084","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2026.1716084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Increased cannabis use in young adults may influence brain health and neurodevelopment. In the context of chronic HIV-associated neuroinflammation, however, mild cannabis use may attenuate negative outcomes through anti-inflammatory effects. More frequent cannabis use may remain deleterious to both young adults with HIV (YWH) and without HIV (YWoH). We explored cross-sectional associations between cannabis use frequency and cognitive performance in YWH and YWoH.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants aged 18-24 included 38 YWH and 61 YWoH (32% White) who completed cognitive tests of verbal memory, processing speed, working memory, executive functions, and overall fluid cognition. Timeline follow-back interviews assessed days of cannabis use (past 30, 180 and 365 days). Primary analyses focused on 30-day use, categorized as: no use, mild/moderate (1-<5 days used/week) and heavy (≥5 days used/week). Generalized estimating equations modeled associations of HIV, cannabis use category, and their interaction with cognitive outcomes; trend analyses used cannabis frequency as a continuous variable. Due to group differences in proportion of females, sex differences could not be addressed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>YWH had worse performance than YWoH in fluid cognition, memory, processing speed, and executive functioning. Adjusting for HIV status, heavy 30-day use, versus no use, was associated with worse performance on fluid cognition, immediate and delayed word list recall, processing speed and executive functions. Relative to mild/moderate use, heavy use was associated with worse immediate and delayed story recall and executive functions. Results were similar for 180- and 365-day use. Interactions between HIV status and 30-day cannabis use category were not significant, although exploratory analyses employing cannabis use as a continuous measure suggested a linear relationship for YWoH of greater use with worse cognitive performance, while for YWH, non-linear relationships suggested better performance with mild/moderate use on some memory and executive functioning measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest ongoing heavy cannabis use is associated with worse cognitive performance among young adults. For YWH, however, mild to moderate levels of cannabis use may have a protective effect possibly through altering chronic neuroinflammation, although causality cannot be determined in this cross-sectional study. Understanding differential, population-specific effects of cannabis use frequency may be important in setting use guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13441419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148682099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive face BOLD response and task-dependent ventral striatal functional connectivity during Go/No-go task among abstinent cannabis-using adolescents and young adults.","authors":"Ryan M Sullivan, Alexander L Wallace, Carissa W Tomas, Hailey G Wirtz, Christine L Larson, Krista M Lisdahl","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2026.1737529","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2026.1737529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Regular cannabis use is associated with attenuated neural reward signaling, primarily measured through monetary or drug-cue tasks. Yet, minimal research has studied functional positive face processing in inhibitory control contexts, particularly amongst cannabis-using adolescent and young adults. The present study seeks to investigate functional response differences in whole-brain and ventral striatal activation, and ventral striatal functional context-dependent connectivity during positive (i.e., happy) face conditions during an emotional Go/No-go task in abstinent regular cannabis-using adolescent and young adults compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (age 16-26; cannabis-using=35; control=33) underwent at least two-weeks of monitored abstinence before completing an emotional Go/No-go fMRI task. Whole-brain analyses examined blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) differences for positive (minus neutral) face conditions between groups. Bilateral ventral striatal activity was investigated in region-of-interest and task-dependent functional connectivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cannabis-using participants displayed increased left middle cingulum and decreased left supplemental motor area BOLD response during positive Go conditions. Decreased BOLD response was seen in left superior frontal region during positive No-go for cannabis-using participants. Ventral striatum activity was increased during Go and decreased during No-go conditions for cannabis-using group, with null connectivity findings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Clusters of aberrant functional response within cannabis-using adolescents and young adults aligns with previous, but sparse, literature on positive face engagement and inhibition. Here, we demonstrate variable ventral striatum activity consistent with reward-eliciting BOLD investigations-representing importance of reward-related affective investigations-yet no connectivity differences in this sample. These findings may represent a risk for or consequence of cannabis use, as differences are still notable after two-weeks of abstinence.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12975031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147439184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blunted reward-related striatal activity and behavioral disinhibition as a pathway to adolescent cannabis and e-cigarette use.","authors":"Patricio M Viera Perez, Lauren D Hill, Katharine E Crooks, Benjelene D Sutherland, Angela R Laird, Elisa M Trucco, Matthew T Sutherland","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2026.1741884","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2026.1741884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adolescence is a period notable for increased risk-taking behaviors, including substance use (SU). Longitudinal work has linked behavioral disinhibition, particularly impulsive dispositions and externalizing tendencies with SU, but the underlying neurobiological manifestations remain less well-defined. This study examined whether individual differences in reward-related striatal activity and impulsivity predicted mental health (externalizing symptoms) and SU outcomes (cannabis, nicotine, alcohol) over a year later.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents (<i>n</i> = 140; <i>M</i> _<i>age</i> = 14.9 years) from a larger longitudinal cohort completed a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) fMRI task at baseline along with a measure of self-reported impulsivity. At follow-up, they reported externalizing symptoms and days of cannabis, e-cigarette, and alcohol use. Task behavior [response times [RTs], hit rates [HRs]] and striatal responses to anticipatory gain cues were extracted. Serial mediation models tested whether impulsivity and externalizing mediated an association between striatal activity and subsequent SU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Behaviorally, gain cues elicited faster target-related RTs and higher HRs (vs. loss or neutral trials), and performance scaled with incentive magnitude. Gain (vs. neutral) cues elicited greater bilateral caudate activity where <i>more</i> left caudate activity correlated with faster RTs and lower impulsivity. Serial mediation revealed that <i>less</i> left striatal activity during reward anticipation linked with higher impulsivity, which predicted more subsequent externalizing symptoms that, in turn, linked with more cannabis [indirect effect = -0.01, 95%CI (-0.04, -0.001)] and e-cigarette use days [indirect effect = -0.02, 95% CI (-0.05, -0.004)]. No indirect or direct effects emerged for alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest blunted striatal activity may reflect reduced motivational drive for lower-intensity rewards (e.g., fictitious MID monetary gains), which contribute to SU vulnerability via heightened behavioral disinhibition in pursuit of higher-intensity stimulation. Intervention strategies that upregulate everyday reward value and strengthen self-regulation may offer utility in reducing teen SU.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148623854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network topology and cannabis use following two weeks of monitored abstinence: moderation of sex and patterns of use findings.","authors":"Kyle A Baacke, Ryan M Sullivan, Chase A Shankula, Krista M Lisdahl","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1549771","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1549771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic cannabis use (CU) can result in subtle deficits in cognitive performance that may be linked with alterations in underlying neural functioning. However, these network alterations are not well-characterized following monitored abstinence. Here, we evaluate differences in functional brain network activity associated with CU patterns in adolescents/young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Functional connectomes were generated using resting-state fMRI data collected from 83 healthy young adults (44 male) following two weeks of monitored cannabis abstinence. Network topology metrics were calculated for each of the 7 Yeo 2011 intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) and on the whole-brain level. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate whether CU (regular-users, n = 35 vs. non-using controls, n = 40) was associated with network topology metric differences after controlling for past-year alcohol use, age, sex, and cotinine levels; moderation by sex was also investigated. Regressions were run within CU group to test for associations between cannabis use patterns (lifetime CU, age of CU initiation, and past-year CU) and network topology. Finally, a network-based statistic (NBS) approach was used to search for connectome subcomponents associated with CU group, CU*sex, and patterns of CU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant association between CU groups and ICN topology was observed. Sex moderation was observed; within male cannabis users, higher past-year CU was associated with significantly higher frontoparietal and ventral attention network (VAN) efficiency. Within female cannabis users, higher past-year CU was associated with significantly lower Default Mode Network assortativity. Within individuals who initiated CU before the age of 17, males had lower assortativity in the VAN and Somatomotor network. NBS analyses indicated that connectivity strength within a primarily right-lateralized subnetwork distributed throughout the connectome was significantly and reliably associated with past-year CU).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings suggest that subtle differences in resting-state network topology associated with CU may persist after an extended period of abstinence in young adults, particularly males, especially those with heavier past-year use and those who initiated CU earlier in life. While further replication is required in larger samples, these findings suggest potential neuroimaging correlates underlying long-term changes in brain network topology associated with CU.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding racial/ethnic differences in e-cigarette outcome expectancies among early adolescents: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.","authors":"John Tarantino, Tammy Chung, Nicole Kennelly, Shawn J Latendresse, Margret Z Powell, Carolyn E Sartor","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1556505","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1556505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>E-cigarette expectancies, which may differ by race/ethnicity, play a crucial role in shaping youth e-cigarette use. Observed differences by race/ethnicity, however, may reflect racial/ethnic variations in social determinants of health, such as socioeconomic status (SES). This study examined the extent to which race/ethnicity was uniquely associated with youths' positive and negative e-cigarette expectancies, after adjusting for SES and neighborhood disadvantage, and individual, family, and peer risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analyses included 8,814 Black (15.0%), Latinx (22.8%), and White (62.2%) 12 to 14-year-old participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Applying a three-stage analytic approach, hierarchical regression analyses examined associations of positive and negative e-cigarette expectancies with race/ethnicity in three blocks, with age and gender in block 1, adding SES and neighborhood disadvantage in block 2, and individual, family, and peer risk factors in block 3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Black and Latinx (relative to White) race/ethnicity and Latinx (relative to Black) race/ethnicity were associated with positive expectancies (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in blocks 1 and 2 but were non-significant in block 3. Black and Latinx (relative to White) race/ethnicity and Latinx (relative to Black) race/ethnicity were associated with lower negative expectancies (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in block 1, but were no longer significant after adding SES and neighborhood indicators in block 2. Perceived risk, perceived peer disapproval, and curiosity about e-cigarettes were associated with positive and negative expectancies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results highlight the importance of considering associations of race/ethnicity with e-cigarette expectancies in the context of social determinants and individual and interpersonal factors in e-cigarette prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young Adult Cannabis Use and Circulating Endocannabinoid Concentrations on Cognitive Performance.","authors":"Alexander L Wallace, Rachel Baca, Gianna Andrade, Cecilia J Hillard, Joseph P Happer, Natasha E Wade, Kelly E Courtney, Margie Hernandez Mejia, Joanna Jacobus","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1538448","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1538448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is a regulatory mechanism that helps to maintain homeostasis in the brain. Cannabis use and circulating eCB disruptions have been linked with altered memory; however, this work has largely been done in animal models with minimal investigation into these relationships by sex. We aim to investigate how circulating eCB concentrations in cannabis using young adults are associated verbal memory. We hypothesize that greater amounts of self-reported cannabis use and lower eCB circulating concentrations will be associated with worse learning and memory. Sex as a potential moderator was explored.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighty-seven participants between the ages of 18-20 (63% female) completed measures on past 30-day cannabis use, verbal learning and memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task; RAVLT), and a blood draw. Serum sample analysis from blood draws assessed concentrations of the eCBs 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and <i>N</i>-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA). Linear regressions examining cannabis group status based on past 30 day cannabis use (no use, light use (<8 use days), and heavy cannabis use (≥8 use days)), eCB concentrations, and their interaction on RAVLT learning and memory scores. Three-way sex by cannabis status by eCB concentrations interactions were also explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heavy cannabis use was associated with worse verbal memory performance. Significant interactions between 2-AG and heavy cannabis use were observed, revealing that individuals with elevated 2-AG concentrations and heavy cannabis use showed better performance on verbal learning and memory tasks. In contrast, heavy cannabis use with higher AEA concentrations performed worse on verbal learning tasks. There was a significant three-way interaction with sex, cannabis use group, and 2-AG concentrations on verbal learning where men with heavy cannabis use and high 2-AG concentrations had better verbal learning compared to men with lower 2-AG concentrations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Distinct patterns emerged between 2-AG and AEA concentrations and memory performance among individuals with heavy cannabis. Higher 2-AG concentrations and lower AEA concentrations correlated with improved memory performance in the heavy cannabis use group, suggesting that circulating eCB profiles may serve as a biomarker for cannabis-related cognitive deficits. More work is needed to disentangle the complex relationships between circulating eCB concentrations, cannabis use, and neurocognitive functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12622566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age of onset of nicotine use and severity of nicotine addiction symptoms are associated with hippocampal volume in late adolescents and emerging adults.","authors":"Joseph P Happer, Kelly E Courtney, Rachel E Baca, Gianna Andrade, Qian Shen, Thomas T Liu, Joanna Jacobus","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1532450","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1532450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite declining use of traditional combustible cigarettes, the use of nicotine and tobacco-related products (NTPs) remains high among adolescents and emerging adults largely due to the use of e-cigarettes. Adolescents and emerging adults who initiate e-cigarette use reach comparable indices of nicotine dependence as traditional cigarette smokers and can report symptoms of dependence even before developing a pattern of daily use. Symptoms such as craving, positive and negative reinforcement, and biological markers of toxicity are closely linked to the development and persistence of substance use problems. Adolescents/emerging adults may transition to dependence more quickly than adults, and the age of onset of regular NTP use is a highly predictive risk factor for future use and problems. Within the brain, the hippocampus is particularly sensitive to the effects of nicotine and may play a role in the transition from NTP initiation to more habitual and even problematic use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional sample of healthy, NTP-using late adolescents/emerging adults (<i>N</i> = 86) ages 16-22 completed a structural MRI to examine whether subjective nicotine craving, stronger positive and negative reinforcement, elevated cotinine levels, and earlier age of onset of regular nicotine use would be associated with hippocampal volumes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across measures of nicotine addiction, linear regression models revealed an interaction between symptoms and age of onset of regular use. A general pattern emerged such that greater symptom severity and younger age of onset of regular use was associated with larger hippocampal volumes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide potential insight into the relationship between late adolescent/emerging adult brain health and a risk factor for NTP initiation and symptoms of nicotine addiction. Greater understanding of these interactions is essential for informing prevention, intervention, and public health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between child opportunity index and body mass index <i>z</i>-score: a mixed-effects analysis with data from a lifestyle intervention with Hispanic children.","authors":"Christian E Vazquez, Bethany Wood, Swasati Handique, Yuanyuan Liang, Zenong Yin, Deborah Parra-Medina","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1547910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fradm.2025.1547910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) is a relatively new measure for assessing opportunity across education, health and environment, and socioeconomic context. Research indicates that higher COI is associated with lower obesity risk; however, existing research offers no evidence for differences, or lack thereof, across racial/ethnic groups. The larger body of research on the relationship between neighborhood environments and obesity risk among Hispanic children with low-income between 5 and 11-year-olds is limited. The study aims to further explore the relationship between neighborhood opportunities, measured by the COI, and children's body mass index <i>z</i>-scores (BMIz), adjusted for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The data are from a sample of Hispanic child-parent dyads (<i>n</i> = 253) who participated in a 1-year family lifestyle intervention. A linear mixed-effects model was fitted, with BMIz as the dependent variable, COI categorized into four levels, time, parent BMI, family income, adult education, child age, child sex, calories, language spoken in the household, physical activity, group condition, and a time*group condition interaction. Predicted probabilities were also produced.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for covariates, children in the second (<i>β</i> = -.15, 95% CI = -0.27, -0.03), third (<i>β</i> = -.19, 95% CI = -0.31, -0.06), and fourth (<i>β</i> = -.15, 95% CI = -0.28, -0.02) quartiles of the COI quartiles had significantly lower BMIz compared to those in the first (lowest) COI quartile. Predicted probabilities show the different predictive margins of BMIz at each time point for each quartile compared to the first quartile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All the higher COI levels were linked to healthier weight status compared to the lowest COI level, though the pattern was not linear for any of the observed associations. Further investigation into the impact of different COI levels may be warranted to assess each quartile's impact against each other, which was outside the scope of the current study. Results also provide evidence for potentially strengthening intervention supports for those at the lowest COI level, respective to those from all other COI levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Use and Social Influence as Risk Factors for Nicotine and Tobacco Product Use in Adolescents and Young Adults who use Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.","authors":"Laura E Hatz, Kelly E Courtney, Alexander L Wallace, Natasha E Wade, Rachel Baca, Neal Doran, Joanna Jacobus","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1486782","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1486782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) use in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with negative health and psychosocial outcomes. This study prospectively tested alcohol use, cannabis use, and peer and family NTP use as predictors of NTP use in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who were NTP naïve or who primarily used electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (N=133) ages 16-22 completed a baseline laboratory visit and follow-up session one year later. Participants' baseline alcohol use, cannabis use, and NTP use by peers and family were tested as risk factors for any and moderate to heavy (at least monthly) NTP use at follow-up. Logistic regressions were conducted for the full sample (N=133) and in a subsample of participants reporting no to low NTP use at baseline (n=76).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline alcohol use, cannabis use, and peer and family NTP use were associated with NTP use at one-year follow-up, over and above baseline NTP use. Peer and family NTP use emerged as the most consistent predictor of AYA NTP use (ORs: 4.059 - 8.432), while recent cannabis and alcohol use exerted effects (ORs: 1.003 - 1.021) that varied by NTP use level.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A confluence of variables, including prior substance use and social and familial influences, act as risk factors for NTP use in AYAs who primarily use ENDS. Identification of risk and protective factors for NTP use is necessary to inform efforts to decrease NTP use in this developmentally vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on computational measures of neurocognitive processes are related to recent cannabis use among adolescents and young adults.","authors":"K J Paige, A S Weigard, O Ajilore, K L Phan, H de Wit, H Klumpp, N A Crane","doi":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1541068","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fradm.2025.1541068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabis and its main psychoactive constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are thought to weaken neurocognitive processes. However, past experimental research examining the acute effects of THC on neurocognition has produced mixed results. The current study aims to advance this literature through application of computational modeling and consideration of individual differences in cannabis use history and subjective drug effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a double-blind THC administration experiment, <i>N</i> = 30 healthy late adolescent and young adult occasional to regular cannabis users (53% men; ages 18-25) received THC (7.5mg, oral) and placebo. They completed a Go/No Go (GNG) task at the time of peak drug effect. We analyzed GNG data using the drift diffusion model, which provides measures of effects of THC on three components of neurocognition: cognitive efficiency (drift rate), response caution (boundary separation), and motor response execution processes (non-decision time). Bayesian statistical methods were used to assess relations between individuals' neurocognitive parameter differences across the experimental conditions (THC - placebo) and several relevant covariates (cannabis use history and subjective drug effects).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, THC versus placebo did not significantly alter any parameter. However, THC was associated with greater between-person variability in both drift rate and nondecision time, suggesting heterogeneity in the effects of the drug. THC weakened cognitive efficiency (slower drift rates) to a greater extent in participants with less cannabis use. Further, stronger subjective effects (drug \"effect\" and drug \"high\") were related to poorer cognitive efficiency during THC intoxication.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results add to our understanding of the acute neurocognitive effects of THC. Slower cognitive efficiency after THC was highly heterogeneous, and was related to both recent cannabis use and subjective drug effects. These findings support the notion that acute effects of cannabis on cognitive efficiency (GNG drift rate) are reduced by individuals' tolerance to cannabis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520869,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in adolescent medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}