Jordan Quellec, Sara Salinas, Yannick Simonin, Catherine Cêtre-Sossah
{"title":"[Rift Valley fever virus infection : physiopathology and pathogenesis].","authors":"Jordan Quellec, Sara Salinas, Yannick Simonin, Catherine Cêtre-Sossah","doi":"10.1684/vir.2021.0919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2021.0919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a major emerging arboviral disease with a complex epidemiological cycle. RVF virus (RVFV) is transmitted by mosquito vectors to ruminants, causing epizootics, and then from animals to humans, triggering epidemics. During its cycle, RVFV infects a wide range of hosts, but the associated pathogenesis has yet to be elucidated. RVFV displays a predominant hepatic tropism, but also has a multicellular tropism inducing physiopathological effects in several tissues. However, there is variability between species in terms of physiopathology : a common clinical picture is found (severe hepatitis, hemorrhages, leukopenia), but certain forms are mainly found in humans (neurological and ocular damage) or in ruminant herds (waves of abortions). Although the molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly understood, it seems that early inflammatory response is related to the severity of the pathology. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of RVFV seems essential, especially since no specific treatment exists to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":520824,"journal":{"name":"Virologie (Montrouge, France)","volume":" ","pages":"263-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39877796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Flaviviridae and mitochondria: Everything you always wanted to know about their relationship but were afraid to ask].","authors":"Wesley Freppel, Marie Roy, Laurent Chatel-Chaix","doi":"10.1684/vir.2021.0920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2021.0920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections with Flaviviridae constitute a major public health concern, especially considering the limited availability of prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. Most notably, the recent emergence of Zika virus in the Americas was associated with the dramatic increase of severe symptoms such as congenital microcephaly, while hepatitis C virus causes the death of approximately 300,000 individuals annually. Flaviviridae have evolved to hijack cellular organelles and to favor their replication, often by divergent molecular mechanisms. In addition to the remodeling of the endoplasmic reticulum, which is required for the replication of the viral genome and the assembly of the neosynthetized virions, Flaviviridae induce drastic morphological alterations of the mitochondria. This is associated with the viral co-opting of several key mitochondrial functions in apoptosis, innate immunity and metabolism. This review recapitulates the current knowledge about the morphological and functional relationship between Flaviviridae and mitochondria and explains how this contributes to the establishment of a cytoplasmic environment which is favorable to viral replication.</p>","PeriodicalId":520824,"journal":{"name":"Virologie (Montrouge, France)","volume":" ","pages":"245-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39877795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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