International journal of clinical microbiology最新文献

筛选

英文中文

Fecal Shedding, Antimicrobial Resistance and In Vitro Biofilm formation on Simulated Gallstones by Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Typhoid Cases and Asymptomatic Carriers in Nairobi, Kenya. 肯尼亚内罗毕伤寒病例和无症状带菌者中分离出的伤寒沙门氏菌在模拟胆结石上的粪便脱落、抗菌药耐药性和体外生物膜形成。

International journal of clinical microbiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-24-5030

Peter Muturi, Peter Wachira, Maina Wagacha, Cecilia Mbae, Susan Kavai, Musa Muhammed, John S Gunn, Samuel Kariuki

{"title":"Fecal Shedding, Antimicrobial Resistance and In Vitro Biofilm formation on Simulated Gallstones by Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Typhoid Cases and Asymptomatic Carriers in Nairobi, Kenya.","authors":"Peter Muturi, Peter Wachira, Maina Wagacha, Cecilia Mbae, Susan Kavai, Musa Muhammed, John S Gunn, Samuel Kariuki","doi":"10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-24-5030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-24-5030","url":null,"abstract":"Typhoid fever, caused by the human restricted pathogen Salmonella Typhi, remains a major global public health concern. Even after successful treatment, approximately 3-5% of patients with typhoid fail to clear the bacteria within one year and become chronic carriers. Most typhoid carriers have gallstones in their gallbladder, and biofilm formation on gallstones is highly correlated with chronic carriage. This study's goal was to identify asymptomatic typhoid carriers in an endemic setting in Kenya, and to compare acute versus chronic isolates. A cohort of typhoid fever patients identified through blood and/or stool culture, and their household contacts, were followed up after treatment to detect longitudinal S. Typhi stool shedding. An abdominal ultrasound scan was used to identify individuals with gallstones. A total of 32 index patients and 32 household contacts were successfully followed-up. Gallstones were detected in 4 cases and 1 household contact. The duration of S. Typhi shedding was significantly longer in individuals with gallstones compared to those without, P<0.001. Eighty-three (83) S. Typhi strains were tested for susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials and examined by in vitro biofilm formation assays. Out of 37 infected individuals, 32.4% had infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) S. Typhi strains and only 18.9% were infected by susceptible strains. Non-MDR strains formed significantly better biofilms in vitro than the MDR strains (P<0.001). This study provides data on S. Typhi chronic carriage that will influence public health approaches aimed at reducing typhoid transmission and the burden of infection.","PeriodicalId":520233,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical microbiology","volume":"1 2","pages":"23-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genotypic Diversity among Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Children Living in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. 从肯尼亚内罗毕非正规住区儿童身上分离出的伤寒沙门氏菌的基因型多样性。

International journal of clinical microbiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-24-5195

Susan Mutile Kavai, Julius Oyugi, Cecilia Mbae, Celestine Wairimu, Kelvin Kering, Collins Kebenei, Peter Muturi, Sylvia Omulo, Samuel Kariuki

{"title":"Genotypic Diversity among Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Children Living in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.","authors":"Susan Mutile Kavai, Julius Oyugi, Cecilia Mbae, Celestine Wairimu, Kelvin Kering, Collins Kebenei, Peter Muturi, Sylvia Omulo, Samuel Kariuki","doi":"10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-24-5195","DOIUrl":"10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-24-5195","url":null,"abstract":"The persistence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is a challenge especially in regions where typhoid is endemic. Surveillance of circulating genotypes of MDR S. Typhi is crucial in typhoid acute cases and carriers. This study aimed to investigate genotypic diversity of S. Typhi from symptomatic and asymptomatic children in endemic settings in Nairobi, Kenya. Symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals' ≤ 16 years were recruited at four health facilities and tested for typhoid through stool cultures. The S. Typhi isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing to investigate multidrug resistance. The MDR S. Typhi isolates' DNA was extracted and illumina sequenced. Raw reads were de novo assembled and analyzed by pathogen-watch. From the 90 sequenced isolates, 60 (67%) were confirmed to be S. Typhi (sequence Type 1 and genotype 4.3.1). Out of the 60 S. Typhi strains; 39 (65%) had plasmids, from these 38 (97%) had IncHI1 plasmids alone. Out of the 60, 59 (98%) S. Typhi isolates had bla TEM-1D . Point mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to quinolones were detected in 42 (70%) of S. Typhi isolates, from these; 14 (33%) had gyrA S83Y, and 28 (67%) gyrB S464F genes, respectively. This study reports 4.3.1 (H58) as the most dominant S. Typhi genotype responsible for spread of MDR phenotypes carried on IncHI1 plasmids. Presence of MDR S. Typhi with resistance genes such as bla TEM-1D and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin especially among asymptomatic individuals, reiterates the need for use of typhoid conjugate vaccine among vulnerable children as a control and prevention measure against typhoid.","PeriodicalId":520233,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical microbiology","volume":"1 3","pages":"18-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0