INNOSC theranostics & pharmacological sciences最新文献

{"title":"Addressing cortex dysregulation in youth through brain health check coaching and prophylactic brain development.","authors":"Kenneth Blum, Eric R Braverman, Mark S Gold, Catherine A Dennen, David Baron, Panayotis K Thanos, Colin Hanna, Igor Elman, Marjorie C Gondre-Lewis, J Wesson Ashford, Andrew Newberg, Margaret A Madigan, Nicole Jafari, Foojan Zeine, Keerthy Sunder, John Giordano, Debmayla Barh, Ashim Gupta, Paul Carney, Abdalla Bowirrat, Rajendra D Badgaiyan","doi":"10.36922/itps.1472","DOIUrl":"10.36922/itps.1472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Carter Center has estimated that the addiction crisis in the United States (US), if continues to worsen at the same rate, may cost the country approximately 16 trillion dollars by 2030. In recent years, the well-being of youth has been compromised by not only the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic but also the alarming global opioid crisis, particularly in the US. Each year, deadly opioid drugs claim hundreds of thousands of lives, contributing to an ever-rising death toll. In addition, maternal usage of opioids and other drugs during pregnancy could compromise the neurodevelopment of children. A high rate of DNA polymorphic antecedents compounds the occurrence of epigenetic insults involving methylation of specific essential genes related to normal brain function. These genetic antecedent insults affect healthy DNA and mRNA transcription, leading to a loss of proteins required for normal brain development and function in youth. Myelination in the frontal cortex, a process known to extend until the late 20s, delays the development of proficient executive function and decision-making abilities. Understanding this delay in brain development, along with the presence of potential high-risk antecedent polymorphic variants or alleles and generational epigenetics, provides a clear rationale for embracing the Brain Research Commission's suggestion to mimic fitness programs with an adaptable brain health check (BHC). Implementing the BHC within the educational systems in the US and other countries could serve as an effective initiative for proactive therapies aimed at reducing juvenile mental health problems and eventually criminal activities, addiction, and other behaviors associated with reward deficiency syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":519916,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC theranostics & pharmacological sciences","volume":"7 2","pages":"1472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11100020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A historical perspective on clonidine as an alpha-2A receptor agonist in the treatment of addictive behaviors: Focus on opioid dependence.","authors":"Mark S Gold, Kenneth Blum, Abdalla Bowirrat, Albert Pinhasov, Debasis Bagchi, Catherine A Dennen, Panayotis K Thanos, Colin Hanna, Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Alireza Sharafshah, Igor Elman, Rajendra D Badgaiyan","doi":"10.36922/itps.1918","DOIUrl":"10.36922/itps.1918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clonidine operates through agonism at the alpha-2A receptor, a specific subtype of the alpha-2-adrenergic receptor located predominantly in the prefrontal cortex. By inhibiting the release of norepinephrine, which is responsible for withdrawal symptoms, clonidine effectively addresses withdrawal-related conditions such as anxiety, hypertension, and tachycardia. The groundbreaking work by Gold <i>et al</i>. demonstrated clonidine's ability to counteract the effects of locus coeruleus stimulation, reshaping the understanding of opioid withdrawal within the field. In the 1980s, the efficacy of clonidine in facilitating the transition to long-acting injectable naltrexone was confirmed for individuals motivated to overcome opioid use disorders (OUDs), including physicians and executives. Despite challenges with compliance, naltrexone offers sustained blockade of opioid receptors, reducing the risk of overdose, intoxication, and relapse in motivated patients in recovery. The development of clonidine and naltrexone as treatment modalities for OUDs, and potentially other addictions, including behavioral ones, underscores the potential for translating neurobiological advancements from preclinical models (bench) to clinical practice (bedside), ushering in innovative approaches to addiction treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":519916,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC theranostics & pharmacological sciences","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}