Journal of Motor Control and Learning最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Priority Assignment the Role of Evaluator and Executive in Collaborative Training on the Acquisition of Kinematic and Accuracy of Dart Throwing Skill","authors":"Elham Niktabar, Elahe Arab Ameri, Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni, Elham Shirzad Eraghi","doi":"10.5812/jmcl-146823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jmcl-146823","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Collaborative training can enhance individual learning, but the effect of role assignment on skill acquisition is unclear. Objectives: Therefore, this study aims to explore the influence of the evaluator and executor roles on the accuracy and kinematic indicators of dart throwing skill. Methods: Forty-eight female university students (mean age = 21.71 ± 1.14 years) participated in the study. Following dart throwing familiarization, participants were randomly assigned to individual practice, first-performer, and first-evaluator groups (as a dyad condition) with alternating role orders. All groups completed a pre-test of 10 dart throws while kinematics was recorded via video camera. Practice consisted of 20 blocks of 6 trials (n = 120 physical trials for individual group; n = 60 evaluation and n = 60 physical trials for first-performer and first-evaluator groups). Post-tests 1 and 2 directly followed after role reversals for dyads after each 60 trials in the acquisition phase. Accuracy was assessed via mean radial and variable errors. Kinematics (elbow release angle, average angular velocity, elbow range of motion) were analyzed using Kinovea software. Results: A two-way ANOVA revealed the first-performer group exhibited a significantly smaller release angle compared to individual group. However, no significantly differences observed between first-evaluator and individual groups for kinematic variables. Accuracy improved significantly from pre-to post-test at the three groups. Individual group led to higher accuracy than first-performer, but there were no significant differences with first-evaluator group. Conclusions: Overall, dyadic practice enhanced accuracy and release angle relative to individual practice. We recommend prioritizing the evaluator role then executor role during skill acquisition exercises.","PeriodicalId":517526,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Control and Learning","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Investigation of Lateral Asymmetry Reduction: Exploring the Impact of Bilateral Practice on Soccer Skill Development in Young Players","authors":"Ahmed Ben Kahla, Yousri Elghoul, Liwa Masmoudi, Riadh Dahmen","doi":"10.5812/jmcl-145443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jmcl-145443","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The research on the role of bilateral practice is a topic examined by multiple studies to explore the connection between laterality and soccer performance. Objectives: The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the effects of longitudinal practice on (1) performance asymmetry, (2) age, and (3) the influence of bilateral practice on the lateral asymmetries of soccer skills in young players. Methods: Fifteen right-footed participants participated in three soccer skill tests: Lob pass with right (LPR) and left (LPL) foot; Shooting accuracy with right (SHR) and left (SHL) foot; Ball control with the body with right (BCR) and left (BCL) foot, and by alternate (BCAlt). These tests were repeated at 12 years old (U12) (Test 1: T1), 14 years old (U14) (Test 2: T2), and 15 years old (U15) (Test 3: T3), respectively. Results: The results indicated no impact of longitudinal practice on the reduction of lateral asymmetries concerning lob pass and shooting accuracy across U12, U14, and U15. However, a notable reduction in lateral asymmetries was observed exclusively in ball control with the body by alternance in U15 and U14 compared to U12 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: We showed improvement of performance with both sides. We suggest that extensive bilateral practice is essential to improve the podal performance of soccer skills.","PeriodicalId":517526,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Control and Learning","volume":"54 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Single-Session Practice Structure on Motor Skill Acquisition and Alpha and Beta EEG Oscillations","authors":"Aubrey Porter, R. Croce, Wayne Smith","doi":"10.5812/jmcl-145715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jmcl-145715","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although it is known that practicing a motor skill updates the associated internal model, it is still unclear as to how cortical oscillations linked with the motor skill change under differing practice schedules. The current study investigated α- and β-power changes associated with motor skill acquisition. Objectives: Firstly, we investigated the behavioral effects of practice on motor learning and retention during repetitive (RP) and variable (VP) practice schedules on an anticipation timing task. Secondly, we investigated changes in cortical α (10 - 13 Hz) and β (15 - 30 Hz) event-related synchronization and desynchronization (ERS/ERD) under RP and VP during early (EP) and late (LP) stages of practice. Methods: To investigate the behavioral effects of practice on learning and retention, participants were pretested, post-tested at 5 min (retention), and tested twice at 30 min (one for longer retention, one for transfer to a novel velocity). To investigate electroencephalography (EEG) α and β power changes, data were collected from electrode sites T7, T8, C3, C4, CP3, CP4, FCz, AFz, and Pz. Results: Based on a 2 × 4 (practice group × test block) ANOVA, results indicated a significant learning effect for both group participants, with VP participants performing better on the 30-min transfer test. To investigate EEG α and β power changes, data were analyzed using separate, 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA (group [RP and VP] × practice trial blocks [EP and LP]). Power analyses revealed (1) attenuated α ERD at T7 (cognitive/verbal rehearsal), C3 (motor cortex), CP3, CP4, and FCz (pooled data representing premotor cortices), and AFz (frontal cortex and attentional processes) during LP, with greater changes observed in premotor activity (PMA), T7, and AFz electrode sites in RP participants. β frequency analysis, using beta modulation depth (BMD), revealed that participants in both groups had increased BMD at premotor, motor, and frontal electrode sites at LP, with RP participants exhibiting greater changes. Conclusions: Results are in accordance with previous research indicating that practicing under a VP schedule leads to superior motor skill transfer than practicing under an RP schedule. Moreover, lesser changes in α ERD along and lower BMD observed in VP participants might be responsible for a more adaptable and flexible motor program, allowing for greater skill retention and transfer in individuals practicing under VP conditions.","PeriodicalId":517526,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Control and Learning","volume":"81 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Learning Golf Putting Skill in Different Choices: A Test of the OPTIMAL Theory","authors":"Mahdi Babapour Lashanlou, Jalal Dehghanizade","doi":"10.5812/jmcl-145386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jmcl-145386","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning posits that autonomy support (AS), enhanced expectancies (EE), and an external focus of attention (EF) facilitate improved motor learning and performance. However, the applicability of this theory by simultaneously presenting all three factors in task-related and Irrelevant choices in learning golf skills has not been investigated. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sequential implementation of AS, EE, and EF factors in golf putting tasks. Methods: During a pre-test under neutral conditions and acquisition phase (six blocks), thirty-six participants attempted to putt golf balls into a hole cup placed in the center of four circles with different diameters on the green. The participants were divided into two groups for optimized practices: The optimal group with task-relevant choices and the optimal group with task-irrelevant choices, both groups performed the optimized factors (EE, AS, and EF) successively and identically to each other. After 24 hours, learning was measured by a retention test. Results: The optimized group with relevant choices performed better than the optimized group with irrelevant choices in the autonomy variable. In the retention test, the aiming accuracy score of both groups increased compared to the pre-test, but no significant difference was observed in the learning rate between the two optimized groups. Conclusions: The present findings demonstrate that the key factors of OPTIMAL theory can be further benefited by task-related choices during practice for beginners' learning.","PeriodicalId":517526,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Control and Learning","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Movement Screening Test in Female Athletes with Visual Impairments","authors":"Parisa Alvandi, Fariba Mohammadi, Mahdi Bayati","doi":"10.5812/jmcl-146180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jmcl-146180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vision provides 80% of human sensory perception. Hence, loss of the visual sense can cause severe motor problems. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the total score of functional movement screening test (FMSTM) and its components in three groups B1, B2 and B3 in female athletes who are visually impaired. Methods: Seventy-three female athletes with visual acuity at different levels of blindness (B1, B2 and B3) were selected as participants. Functional movement were measured by FMS tests including deep squats, hurdle steps, in-line lunges, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raises, trunk stability push-ups, and rotary stability. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22, using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at a significant level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: The finding showed that the quality of performing functional movements declined with blindness acuity, but it was not significant statistically in total score of functional movement screen (FMS) test between groups. However, there was a significant difference between B1 with B2 group only at the inline lunge. Conclusions: Therefore, coaches are recommended to include FMSTM in the programs for screening, pre-participation, and assessments of athletes with visual impairments to improve functional movements.","PeriodicalId":517526,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Control and Learning","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Restricted Hip Extension on Muscle Activity During Functional Movements","authors":"Sarah C. Martinez-Sepanski, Angie Bowman, Kelton Mehls","doi":"10.5812/jmcl-146341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jmcl-146341","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hip flexor tightness is a common problem affecting both active and sedentary individuals and can lead to the development of movement deficiencies potentially resulting in altered muscle activity around the hip joint. The overhead squat, inline lunge, and single leg step-up are common functional movements used to asses for movement deficiencies. The purpose of the study was to compare surface electromyography (sEMG) in the rectus femoris (RF), gluteus maximus (GM), biceps femoris (RF), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles and GM:BF co-activation ratio during the over-head squat, in-line lunge, and step-up between healthy females with and without hip flexor tightness. Methods: Participants were screened for hip flexor tightness using the modified Thomas Test and classified into a tight hip flexor and non-tight hip flexor group. Muscle activity data was collected using sEMG on the RF, GM, BF, and ST muscles during three functional movements: the over-head squat, in-line lunge, and step-up. Results: There were no statically significant differences in muscles between those with hip flexor tightness and healthy controls during the three tested movements. However, those with hip flexor tightness displayed greater hamstring utilization during all movements (Hedges g = 0.37 - 0.73). Conclusions: Those who have hip flexor tightness appear to adopt a more hamstring-based movement strategy to complete functional movements. More research is warranted to determine the extent to which hip flexor tightness affects functional movement patterns and muscle activity surrounding the hip joint.","PeriodicalId":517526,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Control and Learning","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140394148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presenting a Model of Structural Equations Between Between Psychological Well-Being, Religious Beliefs, and Adherence to Recreational Sports Activities","authors":"Amin Azimkhani","doi":"10.5812/jmcl-146114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jmcl-146114","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to present a model of structural equations between psychological well-being, religious beliefs, and adherence to recreational sports activities. Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlation, and the statistical population included all women participating in parks and recreation-sports centers in 2021 - 2022. Based on the population volume and using the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample size of 348 individuals within the age range of 20 - 40 years was selected. Data collection tools were 3 questionnaires: Allport Religious Orientation, Reef Short Form of Psychological Welfare, and Exercise Adherence Questionnaire. The Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression findings showed that psychological well-being and internal religious orientation could predict adherence to sports. Results: The coefficient of explanation of prediction of adherence to sports based on psychological well-being indicators (0.511) is about 6 times higher than the coefficient of explanation of prediction of adherence to sports from internal religious orientation (0.084). These findings indicate that personal growth and positive communication with others can significantly impact women's religious orientation more than internal religious orientation. Conclusions: However, in examining the results, if the culture and religious beliefs in a country or region are opposed to women's sports and even consider women's sports impaired, psychological well-being will no longer affect women's commitment, so cultural and religious factors can be both a threatening factor in non-compliance and an encouraging factor in adhering to women's recreational sports activities.","PeriodicalId":517526,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Control and Learning","volume":"151 S619","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140393613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Postoperative Complications in a Patient with Excessive Ankle Stiffness: A Case Study Addressing Balance, Muscle Strength, and Quality of Life","authors":"Fateme Khorramroo, Seyyed Hamed Mousavi, H. Minoonejad, Masoud Sorkhabi","doi":"10.5812/jmcl-146340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jmcl-146340","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Postoperative complications decrease muscle strength and balance. Thus, managing the complications is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and promoting speedy recovery. This case study explores the use of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) and electrotherapy in managing postoperative complications in a patient with excessive ankle stiffness, addressing balance and muscle strength, as they are essential components of functional mobility in patients with ankle stiffness. Case Presentation: A 41-year-old female athlete with Achilles tendon contracture participated in this study. A 12-week IASTM and electrotherapy was implemented. Isokinetic muscle strength, balance, and quality of life were investigated. Results: The results showed significant improvement in the stability index, path length and area, dorsiflexion/plantarflexion peak torque, range of motion (ROM), total work, and reduced passive stiffness. The results of all domains of quality of life (SF-36), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), , Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) improved. The intervention was successful in improving balance, muscle strength, sagittal plane ROM, and quality of life and reduced pain during balance in the patient. Conclusions These findings suggest that the intervention may be an effective treatment option for individuals with excessive ankle stiffness and related balance and strength deficits.","PeriodicalId":517526,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Control and Learning","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140285350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Table Tennis Exercises on Working Memory of Educable Intellectually Disabled Students","authors":"Amir Hamzeh Sabzi, A. Aghayari, Zahra Ramrodi","doi":"10.5812/jmcl-146342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jmcl-146342","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of table tennis exercises on the working memory of educable intellectually disabled students. Methods: Thirty intellectually disabled students aged 9 - 15 in Galikesh City were randomly selected and assigned into 2 groups: An experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received table tennis exercises for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week), each lasting 60 minutes. The control group engaged in regular daily activities. Working memory was assessed using the Daneman and Carpenter's Working Memory Test. Data analysis was conducted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results of ANCOVA indicated a significant difference in the mean of working memory performance between the 2 groups after the intervention (P < 0.05). Thus, table tennis exercises had a significant effect on improving the working memory of intellectually disabled students. Conclusions: Table tennis exercises are effective in enhancing the working memory of intellectually disabled students and can be used as an appropriate intervention.","PeriodicalId":517526,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Control and Learning","volume":"354 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140397614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief Review: Exploring Avicenna's Recommendations for Preventing Age-Related Sarcopenia and Improving Motor Control: Insights from Persian Medicine","authors":"Morteza Taheri, M. Siahpoosh","doi":"10.5812/jmcl-146113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jmcl-146113","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, is a significant concern in geriatric medicine. Avicenna, a prominent figure in Persian medicine, emphasized healthy living and provided detailed instructions for the elderly. Objectives: This review aims to evaluate the potential effectiveness of Avicenna's recommendations in preserving and improving motor control in the elderly population. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases using relevant keywords to identify studies discussing Avicenna's recommendations for individuals over 65 years old. Avicenna suggested maintaining instinctive heat and essential body moisture through a balanced diet, including fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. He also emphasized the importance of physical activity, moderate massage, and herbal remedies. Results: Comparing Avicenna's recommendations with current research on age-related sarcopenia reveals significant overlap. Studies support Avicenna's emphasis on milk and meat consumption for muscle health. Avicenna's recommendations for physical activity align with current exercise guidelines for older adults. Conclusions: Incorporating Avicenna's recommendations into geriatric medicine may lead to improved outcomes for elderly individuals at risk of sarcopenia and motor control issues. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying Avicenna's recommendations and their impact on sarcopenia prevention and management, as well as motor control improvement.","PeriodicalId":517526,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Control and Learning","volume":"143 1‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140398088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}