Journal of Society of Prevention, Advocacy and Research KEMU最新文献

{"title":"Telemedicine Practice: Current Challenges of Consent and Autonomy, Patient Privacy and Data Security Worldwide","authors":"Areesha Ahmad, Aqsa Mustafa, Ali Akram Qureshi, Ansa Naseem, Ali Raza Rana, Marina Akhtar, Alishba Rasool, Umar Sadat, Saira Afzal","doi":"10.21649/jspark.v3i1.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/jspark.v3i1.360","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Telemedicine, facilitating medical services remotely, introduces ethical concerns. Safeguarding patient data, ensuring informed consent, addressing access disparities, and managing biases in artificial intelligence-driven diagnoses are critical. Navigating these challenges ethically is essential for harnessing telemedicine benefits while upholding patient trust and welfare. Objective: To ascertain the primary obstacles affecting global telemedicine practice, including issues concerning patient confidentiality, privacy, autonomy, informed consent, and data security. Methodology: Conducted a systematic literature review, for which we searched two databases (Pubmed and Google Scholar) between January 2018 to December 2022. Broad terms such as ethical issues, legal issues, health care providers were used as keyword searches. The authors used a narrative approach according to PRISMA guidelines 2020 (Checklist). The authors did a qualitative synthesis of selected studies according to inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria required articles that reported ethical and legal concerns associated with the use of telemedicine; the full texts articles were electronically available and published in English. Systematic reviews and papers in other languages are not a part of the study. Results: Results showed that most reported ethical and legal concerns were related to privacy and confidentiality, followed by informed consent, patient autonomy and data security. From the 16 papers reviewed, authors identified or discussed the following ethical concerns faced by healthcare professionals during the use of telemedicine: patient privacy was addressed in 75% (n = 12/16) studies, informed consent 56.25% (n = 9/16), patient autonomy 31.25% (n = 5/16), data security 25% (n = 4/16). Conclusions: In the dynamic landscape of telemedicine, healthcare providers and policy makers play pivotal roles in addressing its ethical and legal concerns. Collaborative efforts are essential to establish clear guidelines, secure patient data, ensure informed consent, and create adaptable regulations, fostering a responsible and effective telemedicine ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":517151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Society of Prevention, Advocacy and Research KEMU","volume":"52 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139961220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Resources in Public Healthcare Settings in South Asia in the Last 10 Years","authors":"Areej Javaid, Sidrah Rahim, Fatima Minhas, Fayqa Sarfraz, Maria Mujahida, Faiza Aziz, Saira Afzal, Umar Sadat","doi":"10.21649/jspark.v3i1.376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/jspark.v3i1.376","url":null,"abstract":"Human resources are part and parcel of an effective healthcare system. They not only cater to clinical but non-clinical areas of the healthcare system too. Human resources aim to achieve a sustainable healthcare system globally which is a basic right of every livingindividual. Objective: To review human resources densities and their input in the healthcare system. We also aim to look at the management of human resources and governmental policies and how this has affected patient care. Methods: A search string was generated and databases used to search for articles included: Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Pakmednet. PRISMA guidelines were adopted to screen articles and select based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria proposed. Results: Out of 922 compiled articles,16 were selected after screening and eligibility selection. These articles showed the availability and competency of human resources from Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and other South Asian countries. Various problems and issues were examined surrounding human resources for health and the impact this has on care in South Asia. Conclusion: Necessary policies that aim to increase the availability of human resources and their competency by decreasingworkload must be carried out so the density increase in South Asia can be seen for human resources in the healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":517151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Society of Prevention, Advocacy and Research KEMU","volume":"73 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of ChatGPT Among Medical Students and Trainee/Residents","authors":"Hina Lateef, R. Arshad, Eman Ayesha, Sumera Hanif,, Aroosha Zainab, Omera Naseer, Fatah Shahzad, Saira Afzal","doi":"10.21649/jspark.v3i1.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/jspark.v3i1.375","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to assess the awareness of ChatGPT among medical students and postgraduate trainees.Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Study was conducted for a period of three months from May to July 2023 at BMY Health. Methodology: Our study targeted 370 medical students and postgraduate trainees from reputable institutions across Punjab using a convenient sampling technique. The data collection tool was a structured online questionnaire that assessed the participant'sfamiliarity with ChatGPT, perceived usefulness, and intentions to use it in the future. Results: Most of the respondents (78%) were from the age group 20-30yr. Among the respondents 54.7% (204) were females. Study reveals that males are more active users (27.2% using once weekly) as compared to females (19.2% using once weekly). 41.5% (39) of male MBBS students reported having full knowledge of ChatGPT compared to 30% (18) of female MBBS students. 28.6% (16) of male postgraduate trainees said they have full knowledge of ChatGPT compared to 10.3% (7) of female postgraduate trainees. 31.6% (6) of male BDS students have full knowledge of ChatGPT as compared to 9.1% (7) of female BDS students. Conclusion: Medical students and trainees have moderate awareness of ChatGPT but positively perceive its utility in clinical decision-making, research, and education.","PeriodicalId":517151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Society of Prevention, Advocacy and Research KEMU","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140458073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes of Suicides in Pakistan","authors":"Shah Gul Zahra, Mussavir Elahi, Semil Saleem, Sania Noor, M. Rehman, Muhammad Zubair, Sarah Ali, Muhammad Anas Ejaz, Muneeb Faiz, Shafeen Bashir Butt, Athar Ahmed Saeed, Fariha Salman","doi":"10.21649/jspark.v3i1.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/jspark.v3i1.362","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide is a complex phenomenon that involves social, cultural, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Pakistan is a low-income Muslim country, in which suicide cases have increased in recent years. Aim: Our review focuses on the causes of suicide in Pakistan. Methodology: A systematic review was done to find out about the causes of suicide in Pakistan. Databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched using keywords like “suicide”, “suicide attempt”, “etiology”, “causes”, and “Pakistan”. A total of 208 articles were screened out of which only 7 met our inclusion criteria. The rest were excluded because the data wasn’t of Pakistan or wasn’t just limited to Pakistan, Qualitative data were extracted from these articles and were tabulated and exposed to the major causes of suicide in Pakistan. Results: Systematic review was conducted to find out about the causes of suicide in different age groups, genders, and regional groups. The majority of suicides were linked to domestic problems. Most suicide attempts were done by females, married people, and youth, indicating the strong association of gender bias, family disputes, and depression, with suicide. Mental health problems, unemployment and prolonged illnesses, and low income also contributed a great deal to suicide. Other causes like social injustice, failure in love, failure in exams, bullying, and sexual abuse were also there. There is a need for greater attention and in-depth studies to elaborate on causative mechanisms for these public health issues. Conclusions: The most common reasons that compel an individual to take his/her own life are depression/mental illness, socioeconomic conditions, domestic violence and disputes, unemployment, and some major failure in life.","PeriodicalId":517151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Society of Prevention, Advocacy and Research KEMU","volume":"181 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140483286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Vaccine Uptake Interventions: Lessons Learnt from South Asia","authors":"Talha Bin Kashif, U. A. Rahman, Urwa Anjum, Ubaidullah, T. M. Ansari, Amna Khan, Fatah Shahzad, Saira Afzal","doi":"10.21649/jspark.v3i1.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/jspark.v3i1.363","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccinations are arguably the most effective tool for preventing infectious diseases and reducing mortality. Pakistan reports some of the highest numbers in the world for unvaccinated children. The low vaccine uptake is attributable to numerous factors, such as illiteracy, vaccine hesitancy, and lack of resources. Given these challenges, effective policymaking is crucial for improving uptake and reducing childhood mortality. This study aims to review the data on vaccine uptake interventions in South Asia and provide insight into their effectiveness and impactfulness in guiding future endeavors in the country. Objective: To assess various vaccine uptake interventions aimed at Pakistani and other South Asian communities. To compare their effects in terms of increased vaccine awareness and coverage and decrease in disease prevalence, especially of communicable diseases. Methodology: The study systematically assessed literature related to vaccine uptake interventions using the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases. Articles were systematically screened and checked for eligibility according to PRISMA guidelines. They were assessed for quality and risk of bias, and finally added to the review. Statistical analysis was performed for available data, odds ratio and % increase in outcome were calculated for interventions, and forest plot was plotted where possible. P-values were calculated to check for significance, and heterogeneity was assessed using chi-square, tau, and I² tests. Results: The search yielded a total of 434 results, and after screening and eligibility check, 14 remaining studies were included in the review. Interventions were classified as either educational, vaccine delivery based, incentive based, and reminder based interventions. 8 studies reported educational interventions. The highest vaccine coverage odds were reported for DPT-3 coverage (Andersson, 2009) as a result of Focused Group Discussion Intervention (OD 95% CI = 3.46 [2.62, 4.58] p<0.0001) and BCG vaccine (Anjum, 2004) with House-to-House health messages (OD 95% CI = 3.10 [1.55, 6.19, p<0.001), with more than three times odds of vaccination as compared to no intervention (Control). There were 4 studies in the Delivery-based intervention group and two each in incentive and reminder groups. Upon comparison, multifaceted interventions targeted at vaccine awareness and delivery show the greatest odds of increasing vaccine coverage. Conclusions: The current systematic review includes the first quantitative analysis of vaccine uptake interventions specific to the South-Asian population. The significance of multifaceted interventions targeting vaccine literacy and delivery is evident from the results and should be considered during state-level decision-making. Further research with better resources and broader scope should be conducted to gather critical evidence on the topic.","PeriodicalId":517151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Society of Prevention, Advocacy and Research KEMU","volume":"49 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140480289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of new Social Media Strategies on Vaccine Uptake and Coverage_ Do they Really Make a Difference?","authors":"Muhammad Arsham Javed, Muhammad Ashhad Usman, Muhammad Arqam, Muhammad Ans, Muhammad Asad, Alishba Rasool, Muhammad Tufail, Saira Afzal","doi":"10.21649/jspark.v3i1.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/jspark.v3i1.361","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The information available about the use and effectiveness of new social media strategies remains ungauged. The objective of this systematic review is to gather and summarize the data available about the utility of new social media strategies and their impact on vaccine uptake and coverage. In addition, our aim is to give appropriate suggestions to the concerned authorities relating to the use of such social media strategies to cope with the rising incidences of myriads of diseases. Methodology: The review considered articles from global sources. PRISMA guidelines were followed. PubMed and Google Scholar were queried. Inclusion and exclusion criteria about the new social media strategies in relation to vaccination were applied, and data extraction included author details, publication specifics, study populations, exposure measures, and outcomes. Results: Out of 470 records, five studies met inclusion criteria, conducted between 2018 and 2022, focusing on different vaccines. Study designs encompassed randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and mixed methods research, with interventions ranging from Facebook campaigns to web-based information and digital reminders. Social media interventions generally exhibited a positive influence on vaccine uptake and coverage, though outcomes varied based on specific interventions and target populations. Conclusions: The data available is meagre. More research in this domain should be encouraged. However, we can conclude that social media can effectively increase vaccine uptake and coverage. To combat vaccine hesitancy and misinformation, government agencies and organizations should leverage social media's reach.","PeriodicalId":517151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Society of Prevention, Advocacy and Research KEMU","volume":"81 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Hypoglycemia in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore","authors":"Hafiza Anam Saleem Khan, Fatima Mahmood, Naveed Akbar Hotiana, Asma Anwar, Maria Iftikhar, Beenish Tahira","doi":"10.21649/jspark.v3i1.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/jspark.v3i1.409","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) often necessitates admission to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) for specialized care.– Among the various complications associated with HIE, hypoglycemia is a notable concern due to its potential to exacerbate neurological injury and compromise neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the frequency of hypoglycemia in neonates with HIE, particularly in resource-limited settings like Pakistan, remains poorly characterized. Objectives: Aim of this study is to determine the frequency of hypoglycemia in neonates with HIE admitted to the NICU of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. By systematically reviewing medical records, this study is aimed to describe the prevalence of hypoglycemia in this population.Methods: Medical records of neonates diagnosed with HIE and admitted to the NICU were reviewed from July 2023 to October 2023. Data on demographic characteristics, perinatal history, clinical presentation, laboratory investigations including blood glucose levels, and neurodevelopmental outcomes were extracted. The frequency of hypoglycemia was determined as the proportion of neonates with documented hypoglycemia among all neonates diagnosed with HIE during the study period. Results: Among the cohort of neonates diagnosed with HIE (n = 120), 20.8% were found to experience hypoglycemic episodes during their hospital stay. Subgroup analyses revealed associations between hypoglycemia and variables such as gestational age, birth weight, and severity of HIE. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic characteristics of this population, providing context for understanding the prevalence and implications of hypoglycemia in neonates with HIE. Conclusion: This study highlights the prevalence of hypoglycemia as a common metabolic disturbance in neonates with HIE, underscoring the need for vigilant monitoring and prompt intervention in this vulnerable population. Standardized protocols for managing hypoglycemia in neonates with HIE are imperative to optimize clinical outcomes. ","PeriodicalId":517151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Society of Prevention, Advocacy and Research KEMU","volume":"68 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140486382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life Among Cancer Survivors in South Asia","authors":"Tahreem Rauf, Mah Noor, Muhammad Saeed Afridi, Ushna Saad, Shahzaib Khaliq, Mahnoor Khan","doi":"10.21649/jspark.v3i1.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/jspark.v3i1.405","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer survivorship has increased in South Asia, negatively impacting their health and wellbeing in terms of mental, social, emotional, physical, and economic well-being. Several factors, including sociodemographic, clinical, treatment-related, behavioral, and psychosocial aspects, all have an substantial effect on of QOL of cancer survivors. Our aim is to determine QOL among cancer survivors in South Asia, challenges faced by cancer survivors, factors enhancing and deteriorating QOL, and measures that can be taken to improve QOL. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review and systematically assessed the literature to identify relevant research about South Asian cancer survivors' quality of life in English only. We searched two databases (Google Scholar, and PubMed), In each of which we searched and selected all the articles and research having the keywords: Cancer survivors, quality of life, and South Asia. After reading the abstract and titles of the study, we read full articles and retrieved data according to PRISMA. The data extracted was compiled through Microsoft Excel. No meta-analysis and quantitative syntheses were done. Results: A total of 20 articles were identified. Of which 60% showed a negative effect on various domains of QOL of cancer survivors in South Asian countries. Most common factors identified were chemotherapy and effects of low of self-esteem, sexual dysfunction, limb impairment and physical restriction. Only 10 % of reviewed articles (2 articles) did not show a decline in QOL in cancer survivors. Conclusion: It has been found that there is a general detrimental influence on the quality living of cancer sufferers in this part of the world. Given the grave consequences, awareness must be raised to combat such dire circumstances and alleviate the overall quality care.","PeriodicalId":517151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Society of Prevention, Advocacy and Research KEMU","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}