Current Physics最新文献

{"title":"Variations in the Solar Modulation Parameter over the Last 9.5 Thousand Years and the Tilt of the Geomagnetic Dipole","authors":"S. Vasiliev, Valentin A. Dergachev","doi":"10.2174/0127723348284507240417071143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127723348284507240417071143","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Calculations of the solar modulation parameter (Φ) over the past millennia\u0000typically use the relationship between the production rate of cosmogenic isotopes, the earth's\u0000dipole moment, and the magnitude of Φ. The cosmogenic isotopes 14C and 10Be are typically used\u0000in these studies. When studying solar modulation, the cyclic change in dipole tilt is usually not\u0000taken into account, which affects estimates of past solar activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Tree rings are a reliable basis for obtaining a radiocarbon time scale (IntCal13). However,\u0000determining the concentration of 14C in tree rings is a difficult and controversial task. The\u0000time scale derived from the 10Be production rate simulation (GICC05) is less reliable. Nevertheless,\u0000there is a way to combine the accuracy of the radiocarbon time scale with the reliability of\u0000estimates of the 10Be production rate. This method is the synchronization of the radiocarbon and\u0000beryllium-10 series.\u0000We have selected the most relevant methods for calculating the solar modulation parameter Φ for\u0000the Holocene. When calculating Φ, 10Be data synchronized with 14C data were used. The latest\u0000data on the earth's dipole moment were considered. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was\u0000used in the analysis of Φ.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It has been shown that the first two decomposition modes are oscillating components\u0000with periods of 710 and 208 years, the amplitudes of which increase with time, reaching a maximum\u0000of 2500 BP. From contemplation, it follows that the 710-year oscillations are apparently\u0000caused by fluctuations in the tilt of the earth's dipole. After excluding the EMD component associated\u0000with the 710-year cyclicity, a corrected series was obtained for the solar modulation parameter,\u0000free from the influence of changes in the tilt of the magnetic dipole.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The rate of formation of cosmogenic radionuclides depends on the intensity of penetration\u0000of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) into the earth's atmosphere. Before reaching earth, GCRs\u0000must cross the heliosphere, where they are exposed to solar modulation. Adequate consideration\u0000of solar modulation parameters is important for the correct interpretation of the rate of production\u0000of cosmogenic isotopes and solar activity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516729,"journal":{"name":"Current Physics","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Origins of Quark Charges, Quantum of Magnetic Flux, Planck’s Radiation Constant and Celestial Magnetic Moments with the 4G\u0000Model of Nuclear Charge","authors":"U. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana","doi":"10.2174/0127723348291145240427074503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127723348291145240427074503","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In our previous published papers, considering 3 large atomic gravitational\u0000constants assumed to be associated with weak, strong and electromagnetic interactions, we\u0000have proposed the existence of a nuclear charge of magnitude, en=2.95e and developed a nuclear\u0000mass formula associated with strong and weak interactions having 4 simple terms and only one\u0000energy coefficient.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Two important assumptions are that there exists a weak fermion of rest energy 585 GeV\u0000and a strong coupling constant is the squared ratio of electromagnetic charge and nuclear charge.\u0000The aim of this paper is associated with understanding the mystery of the quantum of magnetic\u0000flux, Planck’s quantum radiation constant and Reduced Planck’s constant. Proceeding further,\u0000quark charges, strong coupling constant, nuclear stability, nuclear binding energy, medium and\u0000heavy atomic X-ray levels and celestial magnetic moments can be understood in a unified approach.\u0000It may also be noted that, by considering the integral nature of elementary particle masses,\u0000it seems possible to understand the discreteness of angular momentum.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Considering our proposed en=2.95e as a characteristic nuclear charge, it seems possible to understand the integral nature of quarks electromagnetic charge. With this idea, neutron, proton and pions decay can be understood very easily. In all the cases, up quark of charge seems to play a crucial role in final decay.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Considering our proposed en=2.95e=3e as a characteristic nuclear charge, it seems possible\u0000to understand the integral nature of quarks electromagnetic charge. With this idea, neutron,\u0000proton and pion decay can be understood very easily.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In all the cases, the up quark of charge (±2e) seems to play a crucial role in the internal\u0000transformation of the down quark of charge (±e) and external observable elementary basic\u0000elementary particles. It needs further study at the fundamental level.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516729,"journal":{"name":"Current Physics","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mass Gap in QCD and a Restriction on Gluon Masses","authors":"Sergey. A. Larin","doi":"10.2174/0127723348288455240424105345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127723348288455240424105345","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In this study, we prove that it is necessary to introduce the non-zero gluon masses into\u0000the fundamental Lagrangian of Quantum Chromodynamics in order to describe the mass gap in\u0000the reaction of electron-positron annihilation into hadrons. Further, in this work, a new restriction\u0000on the gluon masses is imposed, and the renormalized theory with non-zero Lagrangian gluon\u0000masses is presented\u0000","PeriodicalId":516729,"journal":{"name":"Current Physics","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Gyrotron Concepts for Spectroscopic Applications","authors":"Zuev Andrey Sergeevich, Zapevalov Vladimir Evgen'evich","doi":"10.2174/0127723348284884240330042150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127723348284884240330042150","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000-\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Currently, some modern spectroscopic applications require sub-terahertz and terahertz continuous-wave electromagnetic radiation sources with power levels from 0.1 to 100 W. Gyrotron, a powerful high-frequency vacuum electronics device, is considered as one of the promising sources for these aims.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000-\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000-\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The paper considers the features of terahertz gyrotrons intended for various spectroscopic applications. The advantages and disadvantages of a well-studied canonical (classical)-type gyrotron are analyzed, taking into account modern requirements for terahertz range sources. Promising non-canonical schemes are presented, the features of which compare favorably with the canonical gyrotron scheme. A new type of gyrotron has been introduced — a compact gyrotron, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost and dimensions of a gyrotron installation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Despite more than 50 years of development of gyrotrons, new promising ideas are currently being proposed that make it possible to much better master the terahertz range. The considered gyrotron schemes allow to develop a unique gyrotron installation for each scientific group, considering the specifics of their scientific research.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000-\u0000","PeriodicalId":516729,"journal":{"name":"Current Physics","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring Ti3C2Tx MXene Flake Sizes for Modified Electrochemical Performance: A Top-down Approach","authors":"Yuchao Fan, Xu Mei, Li Ye, Qingyong Tian, Renqi Zhang, Yingjiu Zhang, Xinjian Li","doi":"10.2174/0127723348268837231206095532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127723348268837231206095532","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as MXene (Ti3C2Tx), have\u0000garnered extensive attention in recent years due to their exceptional performance across various\u0000domains. The flake size of Ti3C2Tx notably influences its specific surface area, a pivotal factor\u0000in interfacial interactions within electrochemistry.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Presently, modifying the flake size of bulk Ti3C2Tx typically involves complex and\u0000costly processes, like ultrasonic treatment and isolation. Leveraging the specific preparation\u0000principle of MXenes, which involves etching the A layers in precursor MAX phases, a topdown\u0000strategy for producing Ti3C2Tx flakes of desired sizes, has been proposed in this work. In\u0000this approach, precursor Ti3AlC2 particles undergo ball-milling to adjust their size.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Through this innovative strategy, dispersions of Ti3C2Tx flakes with varying average\u0000lateral sizes are generated, enabling an investigation into the impact of lateral size on the electrochemical\u0000properties of Ti3C2Tx flakes. By controlling the ball milling time for Ti3AlC2 powders,\u0000the resulting average sizes of Ti3C2Tx (0, 2, 4) are 6.34 μm, 2.16 μm, and 0.96 μm, respectively.\u0000Particularly, the Ti3C2Tx (2) electrode, composed of 2.16 μm sheets, demonstrates remarkable\u0000performance metrics. It exhibits a high areal capacitance of 845.0 mF/cm2 at a scan\u0000rate of 5 mV/s, along with a gravimetric capacitance of 244.0 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study presents a facile method to enable mass production of Ti3C2Tx with\u0000sheets of varying sizes, addressing both small and large dimensions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516729,"journal":{"name":"Current Physics","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140495638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Analogs of Thermally Processed Ices Containing H2O, N2,\u0000NH3, CO2, and C2H3N Relevant to Astrophysical Environments","authors":"Douglas White","doi":"10.2174/0127723348285603231228110017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127723348285603231228110017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Laboratory simulations can benefit ground- and space-based observations\u0000of icy bodies in outer space. It is well-known that NH3 and CO2 can interact, forming\u0000ammonium carbamate (CH6N2O2).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Laboratory simulations can benefit ground- and space-based observations of icy bodies in outer space. It is well-known that NH3 and CO2 can interact forming ammonium carbamate (CH6N2O2).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study examines NH3 and CO2 in thermally processed H2O-rich ices in the laboratory\u0000via mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy. In particular, the presence of CO2 in NH3-\u0000ice mixtures thermally annealed at 150 K for more than four hours in systematic experiments\u0000suggested that ammonium carbamate could potentially trap volatiles within the ice matrix.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study examines NH3 and CO2 in thermally processed H2O-rich ices in the laboratory via mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy. In particular, the presence of CO2 in NH3-ice mixtures thermally annealed at 150 K for more than four hours in systematic experiments suggested that ammonium carbamate could potentially trap volatiles within the ice matrix. Additional studies with acetonitrile (C2H3N) in ice mixtures containing H2O, CO2, and NH3 were also performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Additional studies with acetonitrile (C2H3N) in ice mixtures containing H2O, CO2, and\u0000NH3 were also performed. Absorption peak position changes were recorded when the temperature\u0000was slowly increased (≤ 5K/min) and also annealed at temperatures up to 150 K.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These studies will hopefully be useful in interpreting pre-biotic chemistry in the\u0000Solar System.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516729,"journal":{"name":"Current Physics","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140496127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-power Microwaves Against Locust Invasion","authors":"Zapevalov V.E.","doi":"10.2174/0127723348269519231204072536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127723348269519231204072536","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000There are a lot of phytophagous and harmful animals in agriculture and\u0000forestry in the entire world. The ultimate goal in locust control is the use of preventive and proactive\u0000methods that disrupt the environment to the least possible extent. This would make agricultural\u0000production easier and more secure in the many regions where growing crops is of vital importance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The possibility of using high-power microwave systems to combat harmful animal pests\u0000in agriculture and forestry is discussed. The proposed method is compared favorably with respect\u0000to the environment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The obtained results of the study demonstrated the possibility of using modern sources\u0000of high-power microwave radiation to solve the problem of insect invasion.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It should be noted that the use of powerful microwaves is a promising means of\u0000controlling locusts and other pests. Mobile international forces equipped with modern microwave\u0000apparatus can solve the problem of combating locusts and other pests on a global scale without\u0000harming the environment. Microwave systems can also be used against other phytophagous pests\u0000of agriculture and forestry.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516729,"journal":{"name":"Current Physics","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements of Lanthanide-doped Phosphors in Solid-state Lighting\u0000Applications","authors":"N. O. Etafo","doi":"10.2174/0127723348280880240115054806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127723348280880240115054806","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The challenge of energy conversion and enhancement has been a problem in the world\u0000of lighting technologies as the population and global industrialization grow rapidly. Solid-state\u0000lighting (SSL) has proven to be a better alternative in the illumination industry because of its environmentally friendly and high energy efficiency. Lanthanide-doped phosphors have gained\u0000global attention in SSL because they have versatile applications with enhanced overall performance and luminescence. This review delves into the advancement in lanthanide-doped phosphors for Solid-state lighting (SSL) applications. It discusses the in-depth analysis of how to tailor the crystal lattice design, optimize the host material for emission efficiency, and minimize the\u0000non-radiative pathways. This paper further discusses the lanthanide-doped phosphor composition, strategies to obtain desired emission spectra, and enhanced color rendering index with the\u0000Energy transfer mechanism and the synthesis techniques. This review also addresses 3 processes\u0000for expanding the light spectrum, current challenges, future directions, and emerging trends present in the lanthanide-doped phosphor in Solid-state lighting (SSL) applications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516729,"journal":{"name":"Current Physics","volume":"288 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140499735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Optimal Control of Spacecraft Angular Momentum for\u0000Spatial Turn Taking into Account Energy Costs using Quaternions","authors":"M. V. Levskii","doi":"10.2174/0127723348245209231205063839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127723348245209231205063839","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Solving the specific original problem of control synthesis of spacecraft\u0000attitude is presented. We made optimization of the control program with use of a new criterion of\u0000quality that combines energy costs and duration of reorientation under restrictions on control (a\u0000presence of time factor limits duration of slew maneuver).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The construction of optimal control for angular momentum change is based on quaternion method and L.S. Pontryagin maximum principle. Analytical solution of the problem was obtained on the base of a differential equation relating the orientation quaternion and angular momentum of a spacecraft.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Key properties of optimal solution are formulated in analytical form; the features of optimal motion are studied in detail. The control law is formulated in the form of explicit dependence between control and phase variables. In a case when the controlling torque is limited by the\u0000given restriction (in the beginning and end of a turn), analytical formulas have been written for the\u0000duration of braking and acceleration. Main relations which determine optimal values of parameters of the algorithm for control of angular momentum are given. Example and results of mathematical modeling of spacecraft motion formed by optimal control were given. This data as an addition to the theoretical descriptions illustrate the process of reorientation in evident form and\u0000demonstrates the practical feasibility of a designed method for control of angular momentum during spatial turn.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The designed optimal algorithm of control of spacecraft motion improves the efficiency of spacecraft attitude system, and originates more economical performance of spacecraft\u0000during flight on orbit.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516729,"journal":{"name":"Current Physics","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}