Spektrum最新文献

{"title":"IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN JEPARA DALAM PEMULIHAN USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 TAHUN 2020","authors":"Fahmi Putra Rindhoillah, Harun Ni’am","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.10503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.10503","url":null,"abstract":"Pandemi Covid-19 tahun 2020 menciptakan kondisi dimana Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kabupaten Jepara yang mengalami dampak yang serius. Ada dua kebijakan yang dijalankan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Jepara melalui Dinas Koperasi, Usaha Kecil Menengah, Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Jepara, yaitu penyaluran Bantuan bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro (BPUM) dan melaksanakan beberapa pelatihan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Jepara dalam memulihkan UMKM pada saat pandemi Covid-19 tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan George C. Edward III yang memiliki empat indikator yaitu komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan struktur birokrasi. Dari Analisa dengan teori tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi yang dijalankan sudah dilakukan secara transparan tapi kurang merata yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat. Kata Kunci: Implementasi Kebijakan, UMKM, Covid-19, Jepara","PeriodicalId":516589,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEKURITISASI KEHADIRAN TIONGKOK DI KAWASAN INDO-PASIFIK OLEH AMERIKA SERIKAT MELALUI ALIANSI KEAMANAN QUAD & AUKUS","authors":"A. Purwanto","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.9970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.9970","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini secara umum akan membahas rivalitas Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok dengan memfokuskan pada pandangan Amerika Serikat terhadap kehadiran dan pengaruh Tiongkok di Kawasan Asia pasifik yang di persepsikan sebagai sebuah ancaman,serta respon Amerika Serikat yang melakukan Kerjasama aliansi keamanan dengan beberapa negara di Kawasan ini melalui QUAD & AUKUS. Tulisan ini membahas fenomena tersebut dengan menggunakan aliran konstruktivisme dalam studi keamanan internasional yang dikenal dengan The Copenhagen School melalui dua konsep yang popular dalam studi keamanan internasional yaitu securitization & regional security complex.Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan sudut pandang lain dalam membaca fenomena rivalitas Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok dengan tujuan mampu membaca secara komprehensif fenomena tersebut.","PeriodicalId":516589,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum","volume":"41 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementasi Kebijakan dalam Kegiatan Pemenuhan Hak Kesejahteraan Sosial Penyandang Disabilitas Dinas Sosial di Desa Rowosari Kecamatan Tembalang Kota Semarang Tahun 2022","authors":"S. Suharto, Reni Jifhani","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.9993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.9993","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan kegiatan pemenuhan hak kesejahteraan sosial di Desa Rowosari Kecamatan Tembalang Kota Seamarang dan mengetahui faktor pendukung serta penghambatnya. Teori yang digunakan untuk mendukung implementasi pemenuhan hak kesejahteraan ini yaitu model implementasi kebijakan yang dikembangkan oleh Edward III yaitu komunikasi, sumberdaya, sikap pelaksana dan struktur birokrasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa implementasi kebijakan tersebut sudah berjalan dengan baik namun masih terdapat beberapa kekurangan, yaitu komunikasi yang kurang menyeluruh pada masyarakat, kurangnya pemerataan sosialisasi dari pihak pelaksana kepada masyarakat, kurangnya tenaga pengajar pendidik dan juga wawasan terkait dengan IT, kemudian kurangnya alat pendukung seperti kursi roda, alat transportasi, bangunan yang belum ramah difabel, dan tidak adanya bangunan tempat belajar khusus difabel di desa Rowosari.Kata Kunci: Implementasi Kebijakan Publik, Kesejahteraan Sosial, Penyandang DisabilitasABSTRACTImplementation of public policy is an action carried out by individuals or groups in the government and private sector which is directed at achieving the goals set in policy decisions. Social Welfare is a condition that must be realized for all citizens in fulfilling material, spiritual and social needs so that they can live a decent life and be able to develop themselves, so that they can carry out their social functions. Persons with disabilities are classified as part of society who have a life that is not worthy of humanity and have criteria for social problems. implementing a program of social welfare activities, namely by carrying out activities to fulfill social welfare rights for persons with disabilitiesThis research aims to determine the implementation of activities to fulfill social welfare rights in Rowosari Village, Tembalang District, Seamarang City and determine the supporting and inhibiting factors. The theory used to support the implementation of fulfilling welfare rights is the policy implementation model developed by Edward III, namely communication, resources, attitude of implementers and bureaucratic structure. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The techniques used for data collection are interviews, observation and documentation. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of the policy has gone well but there are still several shortcomings, namely less comprehensive communication with the community, lack of even distribution of socialization from the implementer to the community, lack of teaching staff and also insight related to IT, then lack of supporting tools such as wheelchairs, means of transportation, buildings that are not disabled-friendly, and there are no buildings sp","PeriodicalId":516589,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum","volume":"80 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE DYNAMICS OF BANGLADESH-US RELATIONS: DOES US FOREIGN POLICY FOCUS ON DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS OR GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS?","authors":"S. K. Datta","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.9940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.9940","url":null,"abstract":"The bilateral relationship between Bangladesh and the United States has undergone significant shifts over the years, shaped by complex interactions between democratic ideals, human rights concerns, and geopolitical interests. This study examines the multifaceted dynamics of Bangladesh-US relations, focusing on analyzing the extent to which US foreign policy prioritizes democracy, human rights, and geopolitical considerations. The study draws upon a comprehensive literature review of scholarly works, official documents, and expert analyses related to the historical context and critical milestones in Bangladesh-US relations. The present study employs a mixed-methods technique to incorporate qualitative data, which contributes to a comprehensive comprehension of the intricate aspects that shape United States foreign policy choices concerning Bangladesh. Using case studies and examining policy initiatives, this analysis assesses the concrete results of democracy and human rights measures, elucidating their influence on the bilateral relationship. Furthermore, the research explores the role of geopolitical considerations in shaping US engagement with Bangladesh. This analysis aims to evaluate the tangible outcomes of democracy and human rights measures by employing case studies and analyzing policy efforts. Through this approach, the study seeks to shed light on the impact of these measures on the bilateral relationship. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the Bangladesh-US relationship, seeking to establish whether the US foreign policy strikes a delicate balance between promoting democracy and human rights while addressing its geopolitical interests.","PeriodicalId":516589,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATING THE AGENCY OF UNITED NATIONS FORUM ON FORESTS IN HALTING DEFORESTATION","authors":"Wahyu Arif Raharjo, Yulita Nilam Fridiyanti, Zudi Setiawan","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.10492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.10492","url":null,"abstract":"The recent decrease in deforestation suggests a success in global effort of halting it, yet the question on in the agency of United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) remains. Do these changes occur due to UNFF’s facilitation? To examine this, this paper utilizes Principal-Agent theory proposed by Hawkins et al., (2006) to explore UNFF’s autonomy and discretion and its role in halting deforestation. It will first analyse the historical and relational foundation of UNFF as an international organization (IOs) and then define the meaning of ‘problem-solved’ in terms of forest issue. It will then evaluate policy instruments and powers that UNFF holds using Martha & Finnemore’s argument on the power of IOs. This paper argues that UNFF is serving as a forum for global forestry governance. It faces challenges due to differing national interests, limited discretion and significant role of NGOs in influencing discussions and advocating for sustainable forest management. Tensions persists between developed and developing nations in forestry issue, thus UNFF plays the role of collaboration and coordinating agents through Collaborative Partnership on Forest (CPF). It possesses limited role as arbitrating and enforcing agent due to Non-Legally Binding Instruments (NLBI) preferences of member states. However, UNFF possesses the power in terms of diffusing norms accepted by members, that halting deforestation is non-negotiable.","PeriodicalId":516589,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NORMS, IDENTITY AND INDONESIA’S RESPONSES TO THE MYANMAR CONFLICT : A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH TO FOREIGN POLICE","authors":"Hikmatul Azizah, Jeny Fortuna, Viki Zulva Najuba, Anwar Masadi","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.10036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.10036","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to provide information related to Indonesia's norms, identity and response to the Myanmar conflict. The discussion will focus on the causes and role of Indonesia. Indonesia has an interest in this conflict, apart from the 1945 Constitution in maintaining world peace, the issue of this conflict is also within the Southeast Asian region which if not resolved quickly will affect regional security. The problem of Rohingya refugees in surrounding countries will become a new problem for the region, including Indonesia. The number of Rohingyas killed and displaced due to this conflict until 2019 has always shown a significant increase. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research model approach based on constructivism theory in analyzing problems empirically. . This theory emphasizes that state identity is shaped by values and norms that exist in structural (international norms) and subsystemic (local norms) areas.  The qualitative approach used in this research is a type of literature study whose data sources are analyzed from books and journals related to research on the Indonesian government's diplomacy efforts in mediating humanitarian conflicts in Myanmar. The findings of this study indicate that Indonesia through its diplomatic relations will not remain silent to see this conflict drag on.Keywords: Indonesian Response, Myanmar Conflict, Constructivism, Diplomacy ","PeriodicalId":516589,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum","volume":"93 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KERJASAMA INFRASTRUKTUR CINA-PAKISTAN MELALUI CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR TAHUN 2013-2020","authors":"M. Hermawan, Etha Pasan","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.9956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.9956","url":null,"abstract":"Cina berkeinginan untuk melakukan percepatan kegiatan ekonomi dan memperluas jalur sutra melalui pembangunan infrastruktur. Untuk mencapai keinginan tersebut Cina melakukan hubungan kerjasama dengan negara tetangga, yaitu Pakistan. Kerjasama ini tertuang dalam China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Cina menginvestasikan sebesar US$ 46 Million untuk pembangunan infrastruktur di Pakistan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerjasama antara Cina-Pakistan merupakan kerjasama bilateral yang bersifat teknik melalui pembangunan infrastruktur meliputi jalan raya, rel kereta api, dan pelabuhan di Pakistan dengan tujuan memperpendek waktu dan jarak tempuh jalur perdagangan Cina.","PeriodicalId":516589,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}