{"title":"Hippocampal Abnormalities as a Biological Mechanism in Chronic Pain: A Critical Review","authors":"Madeline Foster, Meaghan Donnelly, Tiffany Field","doi":"10.61440/jcpn.2024.v2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61440/jcpn.2024.v2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic pain is a common medical issue that impacts the daily lives of more than 50 million Americans making it the leading cause of disability in the United States and the most common reason people seek medical care. Studies have shown that the limbic system plays an important part in the experience of chronic pain, however, of all the components of the corticolimbic system, the hippocampus has been studied less systematically in terms of its impact on chronic pain. This paper analyzed four studies that were published between 2019 and 2023 that examined the role of hippocampal abnormalities in chronic pain patients to provide a critical review of the emerging literature on this topic. The focus of the papers included in this critical review encompasses a variety of chronic pain disorders and sources of pain. For each study, an overview of the methodology, main findings, and limitations was provided.","PeriodicalId":515037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology and Neurology","volume":"25 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stress, Trauma, and Cortisol: Exploring Current Insights into the Neurobiological Influences of PTSD","authors":"Christine Crowell, Tiffany Field","doi":"10.61440/jcpn.2024.v2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61440/jcpn.2024.v2.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":515037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology and Neurology","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronic Pain and Comorbid Depression: A Narrative Review","authors":"Tiffany Field","doi":"10.61440/jcpn.2024.v2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61440/jcpn.2024.v2.10","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review of research includes summaries of 44 papers on the comorbid conditions of chronic pain and depression that were published during the years 2022 and 2023. The publications of this period are primarily randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews/ meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Many of these are focused on the prevalence of chronic pain and depression which ranged from 7% to 25% in different age groups and in different countries. Many of the studies addressed the bidirectionality of chronic pain and depression and predictors including stress and inactivity. Ketamine was the most frequent intervention in this literature. And, the most frequent underlying mechanism was involvement of the amygdala. Surprisingly, very few studies focused on youth and on long-term effects of the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression. Methodological problems relate to the variability in the assessments of chronic pain and depression, the selfreport measures and the cross-sectional data that are not definitive about directionality of the chronic pain and depression relationship.","PeriodicalId":515037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology and Neurology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Narrative Review","authors":"Tiffany Field","doi":"10.61440/jcpn.2024.v2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61440/jcpn.2024.v2.14","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review of research includes summaries of 46 papers on seasonal affective disorder that were published during the period 2019-2023. The publications are primarily cross-sectional studies of risk factors, randomized controlled trials for light therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy and systematic reviews. A few of the papers are focused on the prevalence of seasonal affective disorder which has varied by latitudes and climates from 3% in Saudi Arabia to 21% in Norway, suggesting length of day and sunlight effects. Only a few studies focused on the negative effects of seasonal affective disorder including sleep problems, depression and poor performance on memory tasks. Most of the research has addressed risk factors for developing seasonal affective disorder including younger age, female gender, dependent personality, seasonal beliefs, chronotype (eveningness), inactivity, insomnia and depression. Very few potential underlying mechanism studies appeared in this literature with the exception of MRI studies suggesting reduced brainstem volume. In contrast, many intervention studies were published recently including light therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Methodological problems relate to the variability in the assessments of seasonal affective disorder, the reliance on self-report measures and the cross-sectional data that are not definitive about directionality of predictors and effects of seasonal affective disorder.","PeriodicalId":515037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology and Neurology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dementia Disorders: A Narrative Review","authors":"Tiffany Field","doi":"10.61440/jcpn.2024.v2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61440/jcpn.2024.v2.11","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review of research includes summaries of 40 papers on dementia disorders that were published during 2023. The publications of this period are primarily randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews/ meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. A few of these are focused on the prevalence of dementia which approximated one per cent of the world’s population. Only a few studies focused on effects of dementia disorders including memory loss, discrimination, pain, depression and suicidality. Most of the studies addressed predictors of dementia disorders including neurotic personality, frequent tv/computer use and excessive exposure to metals. Loss of short-term memory and other negative experiences including negative life events, loneliness, stress and depression were also significant predictor variables in this recent literature. Physical conditions that were predictive of dementia included pain, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, multi-morbidities, inflammation, encephalitis and neuropathology. Potential underlying mechanisms included dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems (serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic) and gray matter loss in prefrontal, temporal and other regions associated with memory. Several research groups reported on effective interventions including a Mediterranean diet, plant-based diets, medicinal plants, psychedelics, second generation antidepressants, blood pressure medication, music therapy, aromatherapy and other alternative therapies. Methodological problems relate to the variability in the assessments of dementia disorders, the self-report measures and the cross-sectional data that are not definitive about directionality of predictors and effects of dementia disorders.","PeriodicalId":515037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology and Neurology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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