Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi最新文献

Relationship between Organic Agriculture And GDP Per Capita, Economic Growth, and Unemployment: Panel Data Analysis 有机农业与人均 GDP、经济增长和失业率之间的关系：面板数据分析

Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.26650/istjecon2023-1362783

Kurtuluş Merdan

{"title":"Relationship between Organic Agriculture And GDP Per Capita, Economic Growth, and Unemployment: Panel Data Analysis","authors":"Kurtuluş Merdan","doi":"10.26650/istjecon2023-1362783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/istjecon2023-1362783","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the world population recently has also increased the need for agricultural products. The need for food products has made it necessary to obtain more products per unit area. At this point, producers have focussed on the use of hormones, chemicals, and fertilisers to increase productivity and meet the demand for cheap food, and the process that increases production in the short term has become a threat to human health in the long term. Over time, the negative effects of chemicals on humans and the environment were observed, forcing producers to seek new methods. This process has led to independent studies on organic agriculture in every country. In this study, the effects of organic agriculture on some economic variables were revealed. In this context, the analyses focus now the variables of area allocated to organic agriculture on a regional basis, production amount and number of producers affected GDP per capita, economic growth, and unemployment in Turkey between 2003 and 2021. The scientific dimension of the study was prepared using data obtained from domestic and foreign literature and the electronic database of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. In this study, in which panel data analysis was used, EViews 12 programme was employed. For the variables used in the study, the geographical region cross-section dependence was determined, and the stationarity of the series was examined with the CIPS (Cross-Sectionally Augmented IPS) unit root test. As a result of the study, it was determined that organic production amount, number of organic farmers, and organic production area did not have a significant effect on economic growth and unemployment. Organic production area and the number of organic farmers had a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita, but the amount of organic production did not have a significant relationship.","PeriodicalId":514489,"journal":{"name":"Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi","volume":"115 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Panel Data Analysis of Export Structure and Growth: Case of BRICS-T Countries* 出口结构与增长的面板数据分析：金砖四国案例*

Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.26650/istjecon2023-1296901

Necip Dündar, Y. Bayraktar

引用次数: 0

Public Policies on the Socioeconomic Effects of Migration 关于移民社会经济影响的公共政策

Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.26650/istjecon2023-1321940

Ezgim Çarboğa Yavuz, Nazan Susam

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Impact of Behavioural Factors and Personality Traits on Private Pension System Participation: A Machine Learning Approach 探索行为因素和个性特征对参与私人养老金制度的影响：机器学习方法

Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.26650/istjecon2023-1360545

Can Verberi, Muhittin Kaplan

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Behavioural Factors and Personality Traits on Private Pension System Participation: A Machine Learning Approach","authors":"Can Verberi, Muhittin Kaplan","doi":"10.26650/istjecon2023-1360545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/istjecon2023-1360545","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the effects of personality traits, in addition to basic financial literacy, private pension literacy and behavioural factors on Private Pension System (PPS) participation using machine learning algorithms. The PPS participation model was trained using both random forest and LightGBM algorithms, and the contributions of model inputs in the prediction of pension participation were interpreted using the Tree SHAP algorithms with swarmplots. The data employed in the empirical analysis is survey data collected from the Şırnak province of Türkiye with a sample size of 449. The findings of the study shows that: (i) PPS participation is more likely for females and middle-aged people; (ii) High basic financial literacy has a negative impact on PPS participation; (iii) Extraversion is the key personality trait affecting PPS participation; (iv) Advanced pension literacy has more impact on participation than simple pension literacy: (v) Present-fatalistic tendency is key behavioural factor and it negatively affects PPS; (vi) Present-hedonistic, conscientiousness, future-time orientation, and locus of control tendencies increase PPS participation. Furthermore, the distribution of colours in LightGBM has a greater degree of uniformity in both directions compared with the random forest algorithm. Finally, to increase PPS participation, the results of the study suggest the implementation of the following policy measures: Tailored pension literacy programmes can help to increase pension participation rates. Incentives should be created to prevent narrow-minded behaviour and establish a sense of protection and control around PPS, targeting middle-aged individuals and women.","PeriodicalId":514489,"journal":{"name":"Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Istanbul Stock Market Returns Volatility with ARCH and GARCH Models 利用 ARCH 和 GARCH 模型分析伊斯坦布尔股市的回报波动性

Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.26650/istjecon2023-1276992

İpek M. Yurttagüler

{"title":"Analysis of Istanbul Stock Market Returns Volatility with ARCH and GARCH Models","authors":"İpek M. Yurttagüler","doi":"10.26650/istjecon2023-1276992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/istjecon2023-1276992","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s world where globalization is intensely experienced, differences in risk perception, developments in capital markets, and the negativities faced in the markets due to uncertainty are very important when researching the structures of the stock markets, and therefore determining current volatilities. One of the biggest problems encountered is the inability to price stocks effectively. Therefore, estimating and modeling volatility becomes crucial. The diversity of the portfolio, created by international investors in the financial markets and the sustainability of their investment decisions, are closely related to the volatility variable. However, the fact that financial markets are more fragile in developing countries increases the importance of volatility. There are many different methods in the literature when estimating volatility. Due to the inadequacy of traditional time series models in estimating volatility, conditional heteroskedasticity models are used with ARCH and GARCH class models being frequently used. In this study, the series of daily opening values of the ISE100 Index covering from 02.01.2003 to 30.09.2022 was estimated using ARCH/GARCH models for volatility with the aim to determine which model has the higher explanatory power. According to the findings, the GARCH(1,1) model gave more meaningful results in explaining the ISE100 return volatility.","PeriodicalId":514489,"journal":{"name":"Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi","volume":"118 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding Inflation: Role of Institutional Quality in Türkiye Using Advanced Econometric Techniques 解码通货膨胀：使用高级计量经济学技术解读土耳其体制质量的作用

Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.26650/istjecon2023-1263485

Y. Çi̇çen

引用次数: 0

A Better Proxy for Technology Determinant of Economic Growth: The International Digital Economy and Society Index 经济增长技术决定因素的更好替代品：国际数字经济与社会指数

Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.26650/istjecon2023-1327567

Elif Asoy

{"title":"A Better Proxy for Technology Determinant of Economic Growth: The International Digital Economy and Society Index","authors":"Elif Asoy","doi":"10.26650/istjecon2023-1327567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/istjecon2023-1327567","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of information communication technology in fueling economic growth is widely acknowledged. In the current digital era, the International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI) offers a more precise depiction alternative to the ICT indicators by serving as a better proxy for changes in the factors of production. It monitors the advancement of ICT in the EU27 and 14 non-EU nations, highlighting their strides towards a technology-driven economy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the I-DESI on economic growth through the utilization of the panel data method. Hence, gross domestic product (GDP) measured at constant prices was utilized as the dependent variable in the analysis, while the Index of Digital Economy and Society Integration (I-DESI), calculated by the European Commission, served as the independent variable. However, it’s important to note that the described index is current and limited at present. In line with this constraint, only four years of data, spanning from 2015 to 2018, were available. To ensure the accuracy of the model, diagnostic tests were conducted, and the Driscoll-Kraay standard error model was employed to assess the outcomes. Two models were constructed to achieve this goal, with the initial one revealing the relationship between the I-DESI and economic growth. The second model aimed to pinpoint the dimensions of the I-DESI that had the greatest impact on growth. According to findings obtained from the analysis, I-DESI and certain subdimensions which are digital skills, use of internet, integration of digital technology, and digital public services affect economic growth positively and significantly. A one percent increase in I-DESI results in a one percent increase in GDP. Similarly, each subdimension mentioned, where meaningful relationships have been identified, possesses explanatory power for GDP. Furthermore, evaluating the coefficient of these independent variables, changing the weight of dimensions can be considered.","PeriodicalId":514489,"journal":{"name":"Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Panel Causality Analysis of the Relationship among the Rule of Law, Technological Advances, Competitiveness, and Value-Added* 法治、技术进步、竞争力和附加值之间关系的面板因果关系分析*

Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.26650/istjecon2023-1298039

Doğan Keşap, Ali Sandalcılar

{"title":"Panel Causality Analysis of the Relationship among the Rule of Law, Technological Advances, Competitiveness, and Value-Added*","authors":"Doğan Keşap, Ali Sandalcılar","doi":"10.26650/istjecon2023-1298039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/istjecon2023-1298039","url":null,"abstract":"The status of countries within the global value chain varies depending on the importance of national production capabilities in the global economy. From this perspective, there is a need for a value-added production approach that focuses on innovation and competitiveness. Technological advances and institutions are considered to play a significant role in transforming the economy towards an innovation-driven one to meet these needs. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship among technological advances, the rule of law as a proxy for institutions, value-added production, and competitiveness in a way that reflects cross-country divergence. Through an analysis employed independently of countries’ existing levels of development, it will be possible to evaluate whether the factors associated with institutions and innovation can produce similar results in all circumstances and for each country. In this context, a panel causality analysis that considers cross-sectional heterogeneity is employed. The analysis shows bidirectional causality between the variables, except for value-added to the rule of law. However, the results also support the existence of cross-country divergence. These findings suggest that future policy plans should be designed to consider the multidimensional nature of country-specific factors, alongside technological advances and the rule of law, and to ensure the integration of both national and international economic objectives.","PeriodicalId":514489,"journal":{"name":"Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contribution of Finance and Transport Indicators on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Eurasian Countries 金融和交通指标对碳排放的贡献：欧亚国家的证据

Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.26650/istjecon2023-1297708

Kenan Ilarslan, Tuğrul Bayat

{"title":"Contribution of Finance and Transport Indicators on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Eurasian Countries","authors":"Kenan Ilarslan, Tuğrul Bayat","doi":"10.26650/istjecon2023-1297708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/istjecon2023-1297708","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon emission is one of the most significant causes of environmental degradation, global warming, and extraordinary meteorological events. It has reached a level that threatens the future of countries and human beings. To combat carbon emission, it is necessary to know the causes for developing policies. Environmental quality is a fundamental aspect of sustainable development in economies worldwide. In this context, Eurasian geography has always been an important region in the history of the world with its location, underground, and surface resources. Today, the region makes its strategic importance even more evident. The communist USSR ruled Eurasian countries, which served as a buffer between the Western world and China for many years. These countries, which gained their independence in the 1990s, have not yet fully captured the values of the modern world, such as democracy and a free market economy. This study focuses on Eurasian countries. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting carbon emissions. Foreign direct investment and transportation contribute significantly to carbon emission, which reduces environmental quality. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether rail and road passenger transport and foreign direct investment affect carbon emission in Eurasian countries. The concurrent panel quantile regression method was used to estimate this relationship between 1992 and 2020. The results revealed that rail and road passenger transport and foreign direct investment increase emissions. Additionally, no clear result could be obtained regarding the effect of the GDP per capita variable. To support these findings, analyses were performed using the robust quantile regression method, and strong empirical evidence was obtained, particularly for the impacts of foreign direct investment and rail passenger transport on emissions.","PeriodicalId":514489,"journal":{"name":"Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empirical Analysis of Turkish Banking Sector Institutional and Macroeconomic Determinants of Risks 土耳其银行业机构和宏观经济风险决定因素的实证分析

Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul İktisat Dergisi Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.26650/istjecon2023-1288872

Hikmet Akyol, Selim Başar

引用次数: 0