Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Public health insurance: An approach to mitigate the burden of diabetes in low resource settings","authors":"J. Egwim, Namgyal L. Kyulo, Hadi Danawi, Aaron B. Mendelsohn","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant public health concern globally as well as in Owerri, Nigeria. The deleterious effects of diabetes have been linked to poor glycemic control. According to the International Diabetes Federation, poor glycemic control is reflected in glycosylated hemoglobin levels greater than 7.0%, which are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown a dramatic rise in diabetic complications in Nigeria, particularly in Owerri. However, evidence is lacking on specific risk factors associated with poor glycemic control among diabetes mellitus patients in Owerri. There is a gap in the literature regarding the association between health insurance and glycemic control in diabetic patients in Owerri. With health insurance assuming a significant position in healthcare service delivery in Nigeria, addressing this gap is valuable. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of health insurance as a determinant of glycemic control among 160 type 2 diabetic patients attending the family medicine clinic at the Federal University Teaching Hospital, formerly the Federal Medical Center, Owerri. Participants were measured as not insured, insured-private, and insured-public/National Health Insurance Scheme. The dependent variable was glycemic control measured using glycosylated hemoglobin. We used ecosocial theory as the theoretical framework of this research. SPSS was used for data analysis; multiple logistic regression was applied to assess the association between insurance status and glycemic control in the participants. Results:In the patients without health insurance coverage, the prevalence of poor glycemic control was 93.8% whereas in those with health insurance coverage, the prevalence was 60.0%. Logistic regression analysis showed that lack of access to health insurance was a determinant of glycemic control, with uninsured subjects at 28 times and 6 times increased risk of poor glycemic control compared with insured-private and insured-public subjects, respectively. Conclusion: We have shown in our study that insured enrollees have an increased likelihood of good glycemic control relative to uninsured subjects. This finding has the potential to promote positive social change through optimization of the National Health Insurance Scheme. Enabling regulations and designing policies to explicitly cover diabetes preventive and control services in the scheme could lead to improved glycemic control, and, thus, reduce the burden of the disease.","PeriodicalId":511678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersectional Model of Service Use: Understanding Transgender and Nonbinary Healthcare Access","authors":"Jarrod Call, Brendon T. Holloway","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people often have difficulty accessing healthcare services because of the systemic forces of transphobia and cisgenderism. Despite this, there is little theory specifically designed to examine healthcare access among TNB people. We conducted a literature review to identify studies examining TNB healthcare access. We screened a total of 2,050 unique articles for inclusion, resulting in a final sample of 46 articles that met the review criteria. Theories used and key findings were coded to inform the development of the Intersectional Model of Service Use (IMSU) for TNB people. The IMSU builds upon current theoretical frameworks including the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations (BMVP), which proposes that predisposing, enabling, and need factors drive healthcare utilization among vulnerable populations. The IMSU combines the predisposing, enabling, and need factors of the BMVP with TNB-specific healthcare access factors identified through this integrative review. The findings from this review suggest its effectiveness in informing research and interventions aimed at improving healthcare access among TNB people.","PeriodicalId":511678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress, Resiliency, and Burnout Among Counseling Leaders","authors":"Adriana Bovee","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Leaders in the counseling profession face many demands. The purpose of this quantitative regression analysis study was to determine if there was a predictive relationship between the independent variables of stress and resiliency and dependent variables of burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment among leaders in the counseling profession. Transformational leadership theory and resilience theory were applied as the theoretical framework of this study, and the cross-sectional data collection method was used. Data were collected through anonymous online surveys from a purposive sample of 75 counseling leaders. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions. Results indicated that all counseling leaders were struggling with burnout—regardless of levels of stress and resiliency—and there was a statistically significant relationship between stress, resiliency, and burnout; stress, resiliency, and emotional exhaustion; stress and depersonalization; and stress, resiliency, and personal accomplishment. Further research is recommended to investigate other variables that predict burnout among leaders in the counseling profession, as well as ways in which leaders in the counseling profession may be supported to minimize their challenges. Experts may use the results from this study to initiate social change related to the enhancement of leadership and leadership behavior education and training.","PeriodicalId":511678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences","volume":"156 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study to Investigate Factors Influencing the Santa Clara County Getting to Zero Initiative’s Collective Impact Model","authors":"Harit Agroia, Rebecca Reno, Jenette Spezeski, Leyla Mousli, Richard Sarabia, Erin Starzyk","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Our objective was to explore how factors, such as backbone organization changes and COVID-19, affected a collective impact (CI) initiative’s progression through the five CI phases and its components of success. We conducted a case study using semistructured interviews with 17 representatives from the action committee, community-based organization, and health department between January and February 2023 in Santa Clara County, California. Participants were asked how internal and external factors affected their engagement and experiences with the CI initiative. We analyzed the data using structural and holistic coding. Results showed that the initiative’s progression was impacted by intersecting factors; overall findings supported a reconceptualization of CI whereby progression through each component of success was cyclical, not linear. Specifically, governance and infrastructure and community engagement significantly contributed to a backward shift in progress along the five CI phases. As CI matures as a model, programs implementing a CI framework have an opportunity and responsibility to test the tenets of the approach. Our study provides a test case through which the theoretical foundations of CI can be examined and refined to build the research literature and strengthen other CI initiatives.","PeriodicalId":511678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140492536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acculturation and Intimate Partner Violence Among Kenyans in the United States","authors":"Max J Stein, Peter Ndiang’ui, Eunice Menja","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Intimate partner violence (IPV) is abuse by a partner or spouse. This study focused on IPV among Kenyan immigrants to the United States. Several studies reported connections between IPV and cultural tensions experienced during the acculturation process. Scholars disagree whether acculturation buffers against IPV by exposing immigrants to adaptive social norms or heightens risk factors among those facing challenges acclimating to new settings. Whereas this association has been researched among Latinx and Asian communities in the United States, it is understudied among African and especially Kenyan diasporas. This descriptive study explored how acculturation and IPV among U.S. Kenyans were experienced depending on age, gender, and years of acculturation to determine measures for reducing IPV within U.S.-based diasporas. Results indicated that IPV was most prevalent among long-term immigrants. In terms of gender, women endured IPV more frequently than men. Virtually all participants expressed hesitancy to report abuses for fear of partner retribution or legal repercussions. To minimize the prevalence of IPV, several individuals advocated for community organizations that provide education programs and victim assistance. While most participants agreed that such organizations provide helpful resources, they disagreed on whether these groups could eliminate IPV or achieve household equity among spouses.","PeriodicalId":511678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences","volume":"150 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140498246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Attitudes as an Indirect Predictor of Risk for Metabolic Syndrome in First Year College Students","authors":"Sophie Hirsch, H. Peach, T. Moore-Harrison, P. Zendels, Aria R Ruggiero, Jane F. Gaultney","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Habit formation can be a challenge for first-year students. Research has suggested that regardless of sleep knowledge, favorable sleep attitudes predict better sleep. Aim: Our aim was to investigate whether sleep attitudes directly or indirectly predicted risk for metabolic syndrome via sleep. Method: Students completed self-report and physiological measures. Participants wore wristwatches to collect sleep data. Path analyses investigated the direct or indirect effect of sleep attitude on risk for metabolic syndrome via subjective sleep (sleep quality, duration, risk for apnea) and objective sleep (sleep efficiency, duration, subjective risk for apnea). Results: In our subjective analysis that sleep attitudes predicted quality and duration (but not risk) for apnea, the overall model yielded significance. Only risk for apnea was a significant predictor of risk for metabolic syndrome in the objective sleep analysis, as well as the total indirect effect. Limitations: Limitations include missing objective data, which lowered the sample size, and using Fitbit devices, which may not be as accurate as polysomnography. Conclusion: Unfavorable sleep attitudes are related to risk for metabolic syndrome in college students via sleep.","PeriodicalId":511678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140499417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Peer Bullying in Cartoons: The Case of Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir","authors":"Melisa Daşdeler, Alev Üstündağ","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2024.18.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Our research aimed to determine in a multiperspective way how peer bullying is addressed in animated cartoons. The basic data source of the research was 51 episodes of the Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir cartoon. We used the Bullying Checklist in the document analysis design of the research. We analyzed the research data by determining the repetition of the items involved in the control list within the episodes. Our findings indicated that bullying was included in all of the cartoon’s episodes. The results of our research in the episodes investigated showed that bullying was mostly indirect, followed by emotional bullying. In terms of gender, most bullies were female, followed by males. Those who were exposed to bullying were also mostly females, followed by males. In addition, victims usually used the strategy of ignoring or doing nothing to get rid of the bullying, the victims often did not share their bullying experiences with anybody, and the bystanders often preferred to keep silent regarding the bullying experiences. Thus, children are exposed to bullying through these cartoons and can be affected by it.","PeriodicalId":511678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}