Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice最新文献

T ransforming A utomatically B PMN Models to S mart Contracts with Nested Trade Transactions (TABS+) 将通用 B PMN 模型转换为具有嵌套贸易交易的 S mart 合同 (TABS+)

Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1145/3654802

Christian G. Liu, P. Bodorik, D. Jutla

{"title":"T\u0000 ransforming\u0000 A\u0000 utomatically\u0000 B\u0000 PMN Models to\u0000 S\u0000 mart Contracts with Nested Trade Transactions (TABS+)","authors":"Christian G. Liu, P. Bodorik, D. Jutla","doi":"10.1145/3654802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654802","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Development of blockchain smart contracts is more difficult than mainstream software development because the underlying blockchain infrastructure poses additional complexity. To ease the developer's task of writing smart contract, we use Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) modeling to describe application requirements for trade of goods and services and then transform automatically the BPMN model into the methods of a smart contract. In our previous research we described our approach and a tool to\u0000 \u0000 T\u0000 \u0000 ransform\u0000 \u0000 A\u0000 \u0000 utomatically\u0000 \u0000 B\u0000 \u0000 PMN models into\u0000 \u0000 S\u0000 \u0000 mart contracts\u0000 (\u0000 TABS\u0000 ). In this paper, we describe how the TABS approach is augmented with the support for a BPMN trade transaction that is a collaboration by several actors. Our approach analyzes the BPMN model to determine which patterns in the BPMN model are suitable for use as trade transactions and show those patterns to the developer who decides which ones should be deployed as trade transactions. We describe how our approach automatically transforms the BPMN model into a smart contract that provides a transaction mechanism to enforce the transactional properties of the nested transactions. Our approach greatly reduces the developer's task as synchronization of collaborative activities is provided by our approach, so that the developer needs to code only isolated tasks with well-defined inputs and outputs. We also overview the TABS+ tool we built as a proof of concept to show that our approach is feasible, and we provide estimates on the cost of supporting the nested trade transactions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509104,"journal":{"name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","volume":"14 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Xylem: An Energy-Efficient, Globally-Redistributive, Financial Infrastructure using Proof-by-Location Xylem：使用逐地验证技术的高能效、全球再分配金融基础设施

Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1145/3653680

Donald J. Patterson, Bill Tomlinson

{"title":"Xylem: An Energy-Efficient, Globally-Redistributive, Financial Infrastructure using Proof-by-Location","authors":"Donald J. Patterson, Bill Tomlinson","doi":"10.1145/3653680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3653680","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Proof-of-Work algorithm that underlies Bitcoin, Ethereum\u0000 w\u0000 1\u0000 and many other cryptocurrencies is well known for its energy-intensive requirements. The Proof-of-Stake algorithm that underlies Ethereum and various other cryptocurrencies is less impactful environmentally, but it has a second, looming issue: the problem of wealth inequality. We have developed an alternative to Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake, called Proof-by-Location, that has the potential to address both of these issues. This paper describes Proof-by-Location and a financial platform called Xylem that is based on it. This platform seeks to distribute transaction fees to billions of cryptocurrency “Notaries” around the world (essentially, anyone with a smartphone), who work together to establish a distributed consensus about financial transactions. In this paper, we demonstrate that this platform can scale to more than 3.9 trillion transactions per year (more than triple the number of digital payments per year currently occurring). We show a reduction of electricity usage per transaction of 99.9999914% compared to Bitcoin, 99.999905% compared to Ethereum\u0000 w\u0000 , 99.83% compared to Ethereum, and 95.9% compared to the Visa financial services company. We demonstrate that this platform would have a redistributive rather than consolidatory effect on wealth compared to any of these platforms, leading to a source of income for more than 1 billion people around the world, including more than 110 million in the bottom 10-20th percentile by income, with income for that group equivalent to 8.8 million full-time jobs. Finally, this currency provides a positive, non-compulsory mechanism for shaping human habitation patterns in ways that can slow global biodiversity loss and enable ecological restoration. Using Xylem as a global financial infrastructure could lead to significantly better social and environmental outcomes than existing financial platforms.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509104,"journal":{"name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140214858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the Special Issue on Mathematical Research for Blockchain Economy 区块链经济数学研究》特刊简介

Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1145/3649882

Stefanos Leonardos, William Knottenbelt, Elise Alfieri, P. Pardalos, Ilias Kotsireas

引用次数: 0

A Survey of Ethereum Smart Contract Security: Attacks and Detection 以太坊智能合约安全性调查：攻击与检测

Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1145/3643895

Tengyun Jiao, Zhiyu Xu, Minfeng Qi, Sheng Wen, Yang Xiang, Gary Nan

引用次数: 0

A Survey of Ethereum Smart Contract Security: Attacks and Detection 以太坊智能合约安全性调查：攻击与检测

Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1145/3643895

Tengyun Jiao, Zhiyu Xu, Minfeng Qi, Sheng Wen, Yang Xiang, Gary Nan

引用次数: 0

Analyzing user migration in blockchain online social networks through network structure and discussion topics of communities on multilayer networks 通过多层网络上社区的网络结构和讨论主题分析区块链在线社交网络中的用户迁移

Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1145/3640020

Cheick Tidiane Ba, Manuel Dileo, Alessia Galdeman, Matteo Zignani, S. Gaito

{"title":"Analyzing user migration in blockchain online social networks through network structure and discussion topics of communities on multilayer networks","authors":"Cheick Tidiane Ba, Manuel Dileo, Alessia Galdeman, Matteo Zignani, S. Gaito","doi":"10.1145/3640020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640020","url":null,"abstract":"User migration, i.e. the movement of large sets of users from one online social platform to another one, is one of the main phenomena occurring in modern online social networks and even involves the most recent alternative paradigms of online social networks, such as blockchain online social networks (BOSNs). In these platforms, user migration mainly occurs through hard forks of the supporting blockchain, i.e. a split of the original blockchain and the creation of an alternative blockchain, to which users may decide to migrate. However, our understanding of user migration and its mechanisms is still limited, particularly regarding the role of densely connected user groups (communities) during migration and fork events. Are there differences between users who stay and those who decide to leave, in terms of network structure and discussion topics? In this work, we show, through network-based analysis centered on the identification of communities on multilayer networks and text mining that a) the “position” of a group within the network of social and economic interactions is connected to the likelihood of a group to migrate, i.e. marginal groups are more likely to leave; b) group network structure is also important, as users in densely connected groups interacting through monetary transactions are more likely to stay; c) users who leave are characterized by different discussion topics; and d) user groups interacting through monetary transactions show interest in migration-related content if they are going to leave. These findings highlight the importance of social and economic relationships between users during a user migration caused by fork events In general, in the larger context of online social media, it motivates the need to investigate user migration through a network-inspired approach based on groups and specific subgraphs while leveraging user-generated content, at the same time.","PeriodicalId":509104,"journal":{"name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DeFi Survival Analysis: Insights Into the Emerging Decentralized Financial Ecosystem DeFi 生存分析：洞察新兴去中心化金融生态系统

Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1145/3638064

Aaron M. Green, Michael P. Giannattasio, John S. Erickson, O. Seneviratne, Kristin P. Bennett

{"title":"DeFi Survival Analysis: Insights Into the Emerging Decentralized Financial Ecosystem","authors":"Aaron M. Green, Michael P. Giannattasio, John S. Erickson, O. Seneviratne, Kristin P. Bennett","doi":"10.1145/3638064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638064","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a survival analysis approach for discovering and characterizing user behavior and risks for lending protocols in decentralized finance (DeFi). We demonstrate how to gather and prepare DeFi transaction data for survival analysis. We illustrate our approach using transactions in Aave, one of the largest lending protocols. We develop a DeFi survival analysis pipeline that first prepares transaction data for survival analysis through the selection of different index events (or transactions) and associated outcome events. Then we apply survival analysis statistical and visualization methods modified for competing risks when appropriate, such as Kaplan–Meier survival curves, cumulative incidence functions, Cox hazard regression, and Fine-Gray models for sub-distribution hazards to gain insights into usage patterns and risks within the protocol. We show how, by varying the index and outcome events as well as covariates, we can use DeFi survival analysis to answer questions like “How does loan size affect the repayment schedule of the loan?”; “How does loan size affect the likelihood that an account gets liquidated?”; “How does user behavior vary between Aave markets?”; “How has user behavior in Aave varied from quarter to quarter?” The proposed DeFi survival analysis can easily be generalized to other DeFi lending protocols. By defining appropriate index and outcome events, DeFi survival analysis can be applied to any cryptocurrency protocol with transactions.","PeriodicalId":509104,"journal":{"name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dispatcher: Resource-aware Nakamoto Blockchain via Hierarchical Topology and Adaptive Incentives 调度器：通过层次拓扑和自适应激励机制实现资源感知的中本区块链

Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1145/3638063

Hai Jin, Shuohua Dong, Xiaohai Dai, Yuandi Cai, Jiang Xiao

{"title":"Dispatcher: Resource-aware Nakamoto Blockchain via Hierarchical Topology and Adaptive Incentives","authors":"Hai Jin, Shuohua Dong, Xiaohai Dai, Yuandi Cai, Jiang Xiao","doi":"10.1145/3638063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638063","url":null,"abstract":"Mainstream blockchain systems such as Bitcoin and Ethereum are revolutionizing the financial industry by adopting the Nakamoto consensus protocol, i.e., Proof-of-Work (PoW). Only nodes with sufficient computing resources can work out the PoW difficulties, thereby increasing the mining cost of malicious attackers and ensuring the security of blockchain systems. Such an assumption of having abundant resources leads to drawbacks of low throughput and risk of centralization. In this paper, we present Dispatcher, a novel distributed consensus protocol that takes resource heterogeneity into account to ensure resource-aware PoW with high efficiency. Dispatcher introduces a hierarchical topology to offer flexible PoW difficulties tailored for different nodes’ resources. In particular, it utilizes the limited resource of each node to jointly maximize the performance by concurrent mining. Moreover, we design an adaptive incentive mechanism to fit the available resource of blockchain nodes to rewards. Our experiments show that Dispatcher enjoys a substantial performance margin over the state-of-the-art. We can achieve a 50% throughput improvement compared with OHIE.","PeriodicalId":509104,"journal":{"name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0