Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History最新文献

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The Astrological Schemes Behind bīt niṣirtu and KI in the Babylonian Horoscopes 巴比伦占星术中 bīt niṣirtu 和 KI 背后的占星计划
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2023-0014
Alessia Pilloni
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引用次数: 0
Debt Bondage in Late Period Egypt (8th – 5th Century BC) 晚期埃及的债务质役(公元前 8-5 世纪)
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2022-0004
E.A. Karev
{"title":"Debt Bondage in Late Period Egypt (8th – 5th Century BC)","authors":"E.A. Karev","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper argues, in contrast to some previous scholarship, that debt bondage was not practiced in Egypt’s Late Period (c. 8th–5th centuries BC). The phenomena of self-sales into slavery and the inclusion of children in lists of security in loan contracts have been offered as evidence of debt bondage in past studies: in the former, arguing that self-sales were a means to satisfy debts; in the latter, that seizure of children into bondage was precipitated by default on a debt. But there is no evidence for these manifestations of debt bondage in practice. In an examination of all relevant self-sales and loan contracts of the period, it can be shown that in no case was a person seized for security or in distraint, and that self-sales did not occur specifically as a result of debtor default. In practice, creditors likely pursued punitive measures such as fine or high interest rather than the potentially expensive and troublesome seizure of debtors. The conditional clauses regarding seizure or distraint reflected in loan documents must thus be regarded as notional rather than actionable, more representative of the social rather than financial capital at stake when one defaulted on a debt. Excluding debt bondage from the Egyptian socio-economic landscape of the period opens the discussion to the implications for social practice, family life, and credit systems.","PeriodicalId":508435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knocking on Wood: Writing Boards in the Kassite Administration 敲敲木头:卡西特政府的书写板
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2023-0010
Lynn-Salammbô Zimmermann
{"title":"Knocking on Wood: Writing Boards in the Kassite Administration","authors":"Lynn-Salammbô Zimmermann","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the emerging role of wooden wax-covered writing boards in Kassite administration, as indicated by their mentions in three letters and one cattle account from Kassite period Nippur. Even though the number of textual references is scarce, the use of wooden wax-covered writing boards is supported by the depictions on late Kassite kudurru monuments. By incorporating perspectives from Middle Assyrian texts and Neo-Assyrian sealings, this study interprets references to writing board usage in Kassite letters, revealing their role in documenting conscripted workers and their rations. This interpretation finds support in evidence from the Ur III period, contemporary Emar, and the Neo-Babylonian period, collectively suggesting that writing boards were regarded as durable and highly reliable sources. The appearance of seal rings in Babylonia in 13th century BC allows for the hypothesis that wooden wax-covered writing boards could have been sealed in a similar fashion as is assumed for Neo-Assyrian writing boards containing lists of ERIN2.MEŠ troops of the king. Notably, the Kassite period letters indicate that writing boards were archived for minimum of 50 years and were checked to verify claims.","PeriodicalId":508435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards a Model for Sociocultural Transformation: Anthropocentric Approaches to Resilience, Collapse, and Resistance 建立社会文化转型模型:以人类为中心的复原、崩溃和抵抗方法
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2022-0012
Matthew A. Winter
{"title":"Towards a Model for Sociocultural Transformation: Anthropocentric Approaches to Resilience, Collapse, and Resistance","authors":"Matthew A. Winter","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When studying ancient societies, it is inevitable that eventually the theme of social collapse will arise. Archaeology has long been concerned with the theme of resilience, collapse, and resistance, triggered by either external factors such as conquest and natural disasters, or from internal factors such as environmental mismanagement, political or economic calamity, or sociocultural revolutions. Most approaches to the themes of resilience, collapse, and resistance have primarily relied on socioecological models that results in binarized explications of the archaeological record, framing evidence in competing terms of collapse and resilience: either societies endured collapse through a series of choices that resulted in either failure or success on the one hand or that societies overcame problems and exhibited resilience by adapting to new pressures or moving to new environments on the other hand. This paper seeks to explore concepts of resilience, collapse, and resistance through an anthropocentric rather than ecocentric perspective, touching on the theories used to construct the ideas of collapse, resilience, and resistance, with a particular focus on sociocultural aspects. Finally, this paper suggests a model which centers on the notion of sociocultural transformation, enculturation and hybridity placed into direct dialogue with resilience, collapse, and resistance.","PeriodicalId":508435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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