Journal of Forensic Science and Research最新文献

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Environmental Factors Affecting the Concentration of DNA in Blood and Saliva Stains: A Review 影响血液和唾液染色剂中 DNA 浓度的环境因素：综述

Journal of Forensic Science and Research Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001057

Khorwal Divya, Mathur Gk, Ahmed Umema, Daga Ss

{"title":"Environmental Factors Affecting the Concentration of DNA in Blood and Saliva Stains: A Review","authors":"Khorwal Divya, Mathur Gk, Ahmed Umema, Daga Ss","doi":"10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001057","url":null,"abstract":"DNA evidence has now become an essential part of forensic investigations since it offers vital information for person identification and crime resolution. However, the biological material is affected by some environmental factors which may impact the DNA in biological samples. This may affect the correctness and reliability of forensic DNA analysis. This review is related to the influence of various environmental conditions on the stability and degradation of DNA in biological stains including blood and saliva stains. The common factors that affect DNA are temperature, humidity, exposure to sunlight, and type of substrate. The information is crucial to improve forensic DNA analysis and forensic protocol optimization. The DNA stability and integrity in biological materials, such as blood and saliva stains, are indispensable for forensic DNA analysis. Environmental influences, however, significantly affect DNA concentration and may jeopardize forensic analysis. The present review explores various environmental factors for their effect on DNA stability in blood and saliva stains. While DNA degradation is slowed but not completely prevented by low temperatures, it is accelerated by high temperatures. Risks of contamination arise from the promotion of microbial growth and DNA breakdown by humidity. DNA photodamage brought on by sunlight exposure results in strand breakage and cross-linking. DNA stability is also influenced by the type of substrate used; porous surfaces, such as cloth, are better at keeping fluids than non-porous ones, such as glass. Maintaining the integrity of DNA evidence requires an understanding of these variables. The present studies will help to create sophisticated DNA preservation methods for use in forensic DNA examination. The study emphasizes the requirement of improvement in forensic DNA analysis skills, related to the preservation of DNA pieces of evidence and the possible effect of environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":508230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Research","volume":"78 s343","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Down-managing Backlog Forensic DNA Case Entries Matters 为什么减少管理积压的法医 DNA 案件条目很重要？

Journal of Forensic Science and Research Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001056

Smith Jh, Horne Js

{"title":"Why Down-managing Backlog Forensic DNA Case Entries Matters","authors":"Smith Jh, Horne Js","doi":"10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001056","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic laboratories face a backlog of case files, affecting service delivery, causing delays. Forensic laboratories face a backlog of case ϐiles, affecting service delivery and causing delays. The backlog points to underfunding, poor planning, and inadequate support, hindering deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis. Resolving casework backlogs may initially seem like a straightforward and attainable measure to improve the arrest of offenders and promote justice. Longer turnaround times impede investigative leads, emphasising the need for efficient strategies and a comprehensive approach to address and prevent backlogs in forensic laboratories. No study has been published on the forensic DNA backlogs in South Africa. The article explicitly addresses one aspect of a Doctor of Philosophy study and aims to ascertain the impact of backlogs of forensic DNA case entries. The study article’s research questions included the following: “What cases are considered as backlog?”; “What is the current backlog in forensic DNA case entries in South Africa?” and “What are the main reasons for the backlog of cases involving forensic DNA?” The prompt processing of DNA evidence is vital not only for safeguarding individuals falsely accused of crimes based on circumstantial evidence but also for adding prosecutors and providing justice for crime victims.","PeriodicalId":508230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Research","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0