Microbial journal最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacological Activities of Reishi (Ganoderma Lucidum): Potent Medicinal Mushroom","authors":"Fekede Meshesha","doi":"10.59411/x0s16496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59411/x0s16496","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum is a white rot mushroom used in medicinal properties and economic importance. It contains a wide variety of bioactive molecules, which have been proved to have several therapeutically properties to control various diseases and it has toxic effects on humans. However, broad spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been established which include immunomodulation, anticancer, ant diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial properties and estrogenic activity. Therefore, in this review particular focus on assess the components of biologically active compounds, pharmacological activity, economical importance, and toxicity of Ganoderma lucidum medicinal mushroom. G. lucidum biological active compounds might be a valuable constituent for the treatment of sex-hormone related aging ailments such as osteoporosis. Various animal studies have been carried out on G. lucidum water and ethanol extracts and protective effects toward acute hepatitis in rat and mice have been reported. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of G. lucidum recommend potential application in the treatment of autoimmune disorder like rheumatoid arthritis Ganoderma lucidum has a significant result on the cardiovascular system, such as reduce blood cholesterol, triglyceride level and blood pressure. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the common widespread disease, symptoms are seen usually in older men age group. Ganoderma lucidum has a significant result on the cardiovascular system, such as reduce blood cholesterol, triglyceride level and blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":508065,"journal":{"name":"Microbial journal","volume":"434 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Ethanol Production from Wheat Straw Using Yeast Isolates","authors":"Mesfin Wondaferew, Asmamaw Tesfaw","doi":"10.59411/jhp3pb09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59411/jhp3pb09","url":null,"abstract":"In the first hand, the cost of fossil fuel is increasing alarmingly. On the second hand, combustion of fossil fuels contributes for global warming. Therefore, it need to strength the production of renewable energies. The aim of this study was to produce bioethanol from wheat straw using yeast isolates. The isolates were isolated from decomposed soil, termite soil and rotten wood samples using yeast extract peptone dextrose media (YPD) and characterized chemically and morphologically. The wheat straws were powdered and hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acids. After neutralization, it was used to produce ethanol. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ethanol production process from wheat straws. The isolates were grown optimally at a temperature of 30oC, pH nearly 5, and sugar concentration 70 to 120 g/L.  Among hydrolysis conditions, lower acid concentration (less than 1.5%) and temperature of 60oC resulted higher reducing sugars. The optimization study showed that the highest bio-ethanol concentration of 6.8g/l was observed by SWX under the optimum conditions of with 1% H2S04, 60oC temperature and 52.5-minute time hydrolysis at 30°C for 48 hour incubation time. Wheat straws could be good candidate for ethanol production.","PeriodicalId":508065,"journal":{"name":"Microbial journal","volume":"49 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status in Malaria Vaccine Development: Basic aspects of Vaccinology mechanism of actions, vaccine pipelines, stage oriented immune response ‘Challenges and Opportunities’","authors":"Solomon Taddese","doi":"10.59411/990get50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59411/990get50","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is considered as a systemic syndrome caused by infection of the red blood cells by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium and is transmitted by the bite of infected and physiologically excited female anopheline mosquito, which feeds on mamamalian blood to produce and mature its eggs. Vaccination is  believed to be one of the most effective approaches to tackle morbidity and mortality  related  malaria and its approach targets the malaria life stage  factors like the pre-erythrocyticproteins (RTSs, ChAd63/MVA, METRAP, PSPZ, PfceITos…), the blood stage proteins (EBA175, AMA1, GMZ1, P27A, MSP3, MSP1, RH5, sexual stage proteins ( Pfs25, Pfs48, Pfs230 and Multi-stage /multi-epitope/antigen combination vaccines ((PfCP-2. 9 chimeric (AMA1 and MSP1–19)). Even if the vaccine trials against malaria was began early in 1930s, currently the one most advanced pre-erythrocyticvaccine, RTS, S vaccine has been launched with good safety profile ( efficacy of 30-50%). New approaches like combining different types of adjuvants into antigen‐specific formulations improved efficacy of a particular vaccine and its formulations offer a wide spectrum of opportunities in malaria vaccine research. Frequent and multiple infections gradually lead to the development of anti-parasite immunity which results in very low or undetectable parasitemia in malaria-infected individuals. Sterilizing immunity against malarial parasite, though never fully achieved, results in a high degree of immune response, low levels of parasitemia, and an asymptomatic carrier status For unsuccessful trials of malaria vaccine, there are so many challenges that are associated to logistic (high cost-effective public health intervention to control and regulate pathway complicity ), immunologic (polymorphism of the malaria parasite antigens in each life stage, the immune evasion strategy of the parasite… ), and technical challenges related to miss identification of malaria vaccine candidates, selection adjuvants and route of administration. Although there were tackles to malarial vaccine trials, it was reported that there are fine opportunities to proceed on the track","PeriodicalId":508065,"journal":{"name":"Microbial journal","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial induced nitrogen recycling in bio-geochemical decomposition sites","authors":"Adrian John","doi":"10.59411/h90hxs51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59411/h90hxs51","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The sporadic introduction of deceased plant and animal matter into soils is pivotal in reincorporating organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compounds into biogeochemical cycles. The breakdown of animal remains offers a rich reservoir of C and N, stimulating both local environmental microbial communities and introducing external microbes stemming from the carcasses. Nonetheless, the interactions within these blended microbial communities and the respective impacts of environment- and carcass-originating microbes on C and N cycling remain uncertain. To determine whether environment-derived, carcass-derived, or the merged microbial communities exerted a greater influence on C and N cycling, we conducted controlled laboratory experiments mimicking carcass decomposition hotspots by combining carcass decomposition fluids with soils. We selectively sterilized the decomposition fluid and/or soil to remove microbial communities, creating distinct combinations of environment- and carcass-derived communities, and incubated the treatments at three temperatures (around 15, 25, and 35 °C). Findings: Carcass-sourced bacteria persisted in soils in our simulated decomposition scenarios, albeit in modest quantities. Hybrid communities demonstrated increased respiration rates at around 15 and 35 °C compared to singular soil or carcass communities. Interestingly, at higher temperatures, mixed communities exhibited reduced diversity but higher respiration, suggesting functional overlap. Additionally, mixed community treatments furnished evidence that microbes linked with carcasses might play a role in ammonification and denitrification, while nitrification was mainly carried out by indigenous soil organisms. Conclusions: Our investigation yields valuable insights into the dynamics of microbial communities converging during carcass decomposition and their functions in the recycling of carcasses within terrestrial ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":508065,"journal":{"name":"Microbial journal","volume":"208 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial dynamics in Manaus river, Brazil","authors":"Ricardo Lucas","doi":"10.59411/fwas7t80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59411/fwas7t80","url":null,"abstract":"Rivers, which are vital ecosystems that support a variety of life forms and provide many ecosystem services, have been degraded by human activities, such as urbanization, pollution, and overexploitation. Habitat restoration projects have been implemented in different parts of the world to restore the ecological health and functioning of degraded rivers. The microbial community that forms biofilms on various substrates is one of the key components of river ecosystems. Organic matter is decomposed and carbon dioxide is produced by these biofilms, which affects the oxygen levels and nutrient cycles in the water. However, the effects of habitat restoration on the biofilm microbial community are not well understood. High-throughput DNA sequencing was used in this study to compare the bacterial composition of biofilms in three types of rivers: degraded urban rivers, urban rivers with restored habitats, and forested rivers that serve as reference conditions. The following questions were aimed to be answered: (i) How is the biofilm bacterial community composition affected by habitat restoration? (ii) How does bacterial diversity change in restored rivers compared to degraded and reference rivers? (iii) What are the environmental factors that influence the biofilm bacterial community composition? It was found that water quality was improved by habitat restoration by increasing the dissolved oxygen and reducing the organic pollutants in urban rivers. A decrease in bacterial diversity and a shift in the biofilm bacterial community structure towards that of the reference forested rivers were accompanied by this. This suggests that the biofilm microbial community can be altered by habitat restoration and its role in processing organic pollutants can be enhanced. However, it was also found that there was still a significant difference in the biofilm bacterial community between the restored and reference rivers, indicating that more time and effort are needed to achieve a similar ecological quality as the natural forested rivers.","PeriodicalId":508065,"journal":{"name":"Microbial journal","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}