Exploration of Digestive Diseases最新文献

Transabdominal Gastro-Intestinal UltraSound (GIUS): a visual approach to intestinal pathology 经腹胃肠超声波（GIUS）：一种直观的肠道病理学方法

Exploration of Digestive Diseases Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.37349/edd.2024.00050

C. Felicani, Alice Trovati, Elena Franchi, Filippo Zanni, Francesca Verzelloni, A. Bianchini, Elena Mazzotta, Pietro Andreone

{"title":"Transabdominal Gastro-Intestinal UltraSound (GIUS): a visual approach to intestinal pathology","authors":"C. Felicani, Alice Trovati, Elena Franchi, Filippo Zanni, Francesca Verzelloni, A. Bianchini, Elena Mazzotta, Pietro Andreone","doi":"10.37349/edd.2024.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/edd.2024.00050","url":null,"abstract":"Transabdominal ultrasound is a valuable diagnostic approach for evaluating the gastrointestinal tract and related disorders. This dynamic examination provides real-time visualization of the digestive tube and surrounding structures, assessment of peristaltic movements, estimation of compressibility of intestinal loops, and recognition of painful spots requiring specific attention. Since ultrasound imaging is non-invasive, painless, reproducible, inexpensive and requires no special preparation, it is used as a major diagnostic tool in emergency settings and in outpatient follow-up of several disorders. Costs, encompassing both accessibility and actual procedural expenses, are lower than those associated with other diagnostic techniques. However, the incorporation of gastro-intestinal ultrasound (GIUS) in clinical practice has not been widely used on a global scale. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the execution techniques as well as the main areas of application for GIUS. Through illustrative iconographic representation, emphasis was placed on its potential within the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway of various acute and chronic gastrointestinal disorders.","PeriodicalId":507964,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of Digestive Diseases","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of cholesterol homeostasis in MASH-driven hepatocellular carcinoma: not just a neutral fat 胆固醇平衡在 MASH 驱动的肝细胞癌中的作用：不仅仅是中性脂肪

Exploration of Digestive Diseases Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.37349/edd.2024.00048

Vicent Ribas

{"title":"Role of cholesterol homeostasis in MASH-driven hepatocellular carcinoma: not just a neutral fat","authors":"Vicent Ribas","doi":"10.37349/edd.2024.00048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/edd.2024.00048","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and its death rate is rising faster than that of any other cancer, while we still lack effective treatments. The increasing incidence of liver cancer in western countries is closely associated with the growing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) linked to metabolic diseases. While the contribution of lipids in the progression of MASH pathogenesis and its progression to HCC is well recognized, the specific contribution of cholesterol is subject to controversy. The liver plays a central role in cholesterol metabolism, where the majority of its biosynthesis, storage, excretion, recycling, and conversion into bile acids occur. Moreover, cholesterol is implicated in numerous hepatocyte cellular processes, encompassing endoplasmic reticulum function, formation of lipid microdomains in the plasma membrane, metabolism of lipoproteins, and mitochondrial function and performance. Therefore, it is not surprising that cholesterol plays key roles in initiation, promotion, and survival of HCC cells and there are several lines of evidence pointing to that cancer cells are subverting cholesterol metabolism to foster their proliferation and survival through various mechanisms. This narrative review provides a concise overview of the physiological and pathological roles of cholesterol in the transition from healthy hepatocytes to HCC, in the context of MASH. Gaining further understanding of how hepatic cancer cells disrupt cholesterol homeostasis and how these perturbations impact cancer progression will facilitate the identification of novel and more effective cancer treatment strategies in this complex and devastating disease.","PeriodicalId":507964,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of Digestive Diseases","volume":"24 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance after HBsAg seroclearance HBsAg 血清清除后的肝细胞癌监测

Exploration of Digestive Diseases Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.37349/edd.2024.00046

J. Lai, Vicki Wing-Ki Hui, G. Wong, V. W. Wong, T. Yip

{"title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance after HBsAg seroclearance","authors":"J. Lai, Vicki Wing-Ki Hui, G. Wong, V. W. Wong, T. Yip","doi":"10.37349/edd.2024.00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/edd.2024.00046","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance is considered the functional cure and the optimal treatment endpoint for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Patients with CHB who cleared HBsAg generally have a favorable clinical course with minimal risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or cirrhotic complications. Nevertheless, a minority of patients still develop HCC despite HBsAg seroclearance. While patients with liver cirrhosis are still recommended for HCC surveillance, whether other non-cirrhotic patients who achieved HBsAg seroclearance should remain on HCC surveillance remains unclear. This review provides an overview of the incidence of HBsAg seroclearance, the factors associated with the occurrence of HBsAg seroclearance, the durability of HBsAg seroclearance, the risk of developing HCC after HBsAg seroclearance, the risk factors associated with HCC development after HBsAg seroclearance, the role of HCC risk scores, and the implications on HCC surveillance. Existing HCC risk scores have a reasonably good performance in patients after HBsAg seroclearance. In the era of artificial intelligence, future HCC risk prediction models based on artificial intelligence and longitudinal clinical data may further improve the prediction accuracy to establish a foundation of a risk score-based HCC surveillance strategy. As different novel hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral agents aiming at HBsAg seroclearance are under active development, new knowledge is anticipated on the natural history and HCC risk prediction of patients treated with new HBV drugs.","PeriodicalId":507964,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of Digestive Diseases","volume":" 599","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140989428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deciphering the cross-talk between miRNA and tight junctions in hepatocellular carcinoma 解密肝细胞癌中 miRNA 与紧密连接之间的交叉对话

Exploration of Digestive Diseases Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.37349/edd.2024.00045

Siva Bala Subramaniya, B. Vairappan

{"title":"Deciphering the cross-talk between miRNA and tight junctions in hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Siva Bala Subramaniya, B. Vairappan","doi":"10.37349/edd.2024.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/edd.2024.00045","url":null,"abstract":"The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes a lower survival rate even after systemic treatment. Previous studies have shown evidence that various molecular and epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the transition of HCC from normal liver cells. Epigenetics plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability in normal liver cells. Apart from the mutation of genes, epigenetic factors are involved in HCC progression. miRNA tends to be a major epigenetic factor involved in regulating major cell cycle pathways. miRNA regulates the HCC progression by inhibiting the major apoptotic pathways and favors angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment. Apart from regulating major pathways, miRNA appears to regulate tight junction integrity. Tight junction proteins appear to be strong barrier proteins involved in cell adhesion and integrity. Disturbance in cell adhesion and integrity leads to the major dysregulation of cell cycle resulting in cancer progression. Moreover, dysregulation of tight junction integrity was observed in the pathogenesis of HCC. The regulation of tight junction proteins via miRNA were studied in various diseases. Here, we discussed the regulation of tight junction proteins via miRNA in HCC progression. This review may focus on the significance of miRNA in cellular function and its role in regulating tight junction proteins that impact in HCC progression which opens a new approach to develop a new diagnostic marker for an early detection of HCC and novel therapeutic approach against HCC.","PeriodicalId":507964,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of Digestive Diseases","volume":"101 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precision medicine in chemotherapy: Is there room for advancement in colorectal cancer? 化疗中的精准医疗：结直肠癌有进步空间吗？

Exploration of Digestive Diseases Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.37349/edd.2024.00036

M. Ghidini

引用次数: 0