Physiologia Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/physiologia4030015

Brett R Baughman, Brandon J. Sawyer

{"title":"Comparison of Blood Flow Characteristics in Young Healthy Males between High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise","authors":"Brett R Baughman, Brandon J. Sawyer","doi":"10.3390/physiologia4030015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia4030015","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have hypothesized that high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MOD) lead to different patterns of shear stress in the brachial artery. These differing patterns of shear stress are thought to partially explain the differing chronic adaptations to these two types of exercise. No study has directly compared blood flow characteristics during HIIE and MOD. Sixteen healthy males (Age: 23 ± 3 years) completed two randomly assigned exercise visits: HIIE (10 × 1 min intervals at 90–95% of HRmax with 1 min of recovery between) or MOD (30 min at 70% of HRmax) on an electronically braked cycle ergometer. Brachial artery blood flow velocity and diameter were measured for a total of 12 min during each of the exercise sessions. Both anterograde blood flow (MOD: 191.3 ± 80.3 mL/min, HIIE: 153.9 ± 67.5 mL/min, p = 0.03) and shear rate (MOD: 203.5 ± 78.1 s−1, HIIE: 170.8 ± 55.5 s−1, p = 0.04) were higher during MOD compared to HIIE. Both retrograde blood flow (MOD: −48.7 ± 21.3 mL/min, HIIE: −63.9 ± 23.3 cm/s, p < 0.01) and shear rate (MOD: −51.5 ± 19.8 s−1, HIIE: −73.8 ± 28.4 s−1, p < 0.01) were of greater magnitude during HIIE compared to MOD. During exercise, brachial artery diameter (p = 0.34) did not differ between HIIE and MOD. Continuous moderate cycling exercise leads to higher brachial artery anterograde shear rate and blood flow, but lower retrograde shear rate and blood flow when compared to high-intensity interval exercise. These differences during exercise in blood flow characteristics could shed light on the differing chronic adaptations to these two types of exercise.","PeriodicalId":507224,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Citrulline Malate Fails to Improve Repeated 300 m Swimming Times in Highly Trained Swimmers 瓜氨酸苹果酸盐无法提高训练有素的游泳运动员的 300 米重复游泳时间

Physiologia Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.3390/physiologia4020014

J. W. Newbury, Matthew Cole, S. Bailey, A. Kelly, Lewis A. Gough

{"title":"Citrulline Malate Fails to Improve Repeated 300 m Swimming Times in Highly Trained Swimmers","authors":"J. W. Newbury, Matthew Cole, S. Bailey, A. Kelly, Lewis A. Gough","doi":"10.3390/physiologia4020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia4020014","url":null,"abstract":"Citrulline malate (CM) has been touted as a nutritional ergogenic aid for sports performance, with purported mechanisms of increased muscle blood flow, ammonia clearance, and adenosine triphosphate resynthesis. Combined, these physiological benefits may be best applied to whole-body endurance exercises, such as swimming, though this postulate has not yet been explored. In a double-blind, randomised, and crossover design, 11 national-level swimmers (age: 17 ± 3 years, height: 1.71 ± 0.05 m, body mass: 60.6 ± 8.3 kg) from a high-performance swimming club ingested either 15 g CM or a placebo (PLA) 60 min before six × 300 m freestyle bouts (at 4.5 min intervals). Blood lactate, blood pressure, and ratings of perceived exertion were measured at baseline, 60 min post-ingestion, and immediately post-exercise. Neither mean 300 m swimming time (CM: 212.0 ± 9.6 vs. PLA: 212.8 ± 7.7 s, p = 0.683, g = 0.09) nor any individual swimming bouts (p = 0.679, Pŋ2 = 0.02) were improved with CM ingestion. Moreover, no differences in any physiological or subjective measures were identified between conditions (all p > 0.05). Whether the proposed CM mechanisms were active was unclear as more direct physiological measures (i.e., plasma NO, ammonia) may have been required. Resultantly, these observations do not support an ergogenic effect of acute CM ingestion in highly trained swimmers.","PeriodicalId":507224,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia","volume":"55 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Past, Present, Future: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Human Skin Diseases 过去、现在和未来：人类皮肤病的病理生理学、诊断和治疗

Physiologia Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.3390/physiologia4010005

Niki Ebrahimnejad, Duaa Jaafar, Heidi Goodarzi

引用次数: 0

The Past, Present, Future: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Human Skin Diseases 过去、现在和未来：人类皮肤病的病理生理学、诊断和治疗

Physiologia Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.3390/physiologia4010005

Niki Ebrahimnejad, Duaa Jaafar, Heidi Goodarzi

引用次数: 0

Heat Stress but Not Capsaicin Application Alleviates the Hypertensive Response to Isometric Exercise 热应激而非辣椒素应用可减轻等长运动的高血压反应

Physiologia Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3390/physiologia4010004

Alexandros Sotiridis, Anastasios Makris, M. Koskolou, N. Geladas

{"title":"Heat Stress but Not Capsaicin Application Alleviates the Hypertensive Response to Isometric Exercise","authors":"Alexandros Sotiridis, Anastasios Makris, M. Koskolou, N. Geladas","doi":"10.3390/physiologia4010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia4010004","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress and cutaneous capsaicin application act independently to reduce mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at rest. The present study investigated whether a mixed intervention might alleviate to a greater extent the hypertensive response to isometric exercise. An end-exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) lower than 215 mmHg or higher than 220 mmHg was set for the inclusion in the group observed with typical (CON, n = 9) or hypertensive (HRE, n = 8) response to dynamic exercise, respectively. The participants performed four trials held in thermoneutral (TN:23 °C) or hot (HT:33 °C) conditions with capsaicin (CA:4.8 mg·patch−1) or placebo (PL) patches (12 × 18 cm2) applied to their two quadriceps, left pectoralis major and left scapula. The trials comprised: a 5 min baseline period preceding patch application, a 30 min rest period and a 5 min isometric handgrip exercise (20% maximal voluntary contraction, 10.1 ± 1.9 kg). Thermoregulatory and cardiovascular data were analyzed using mixed three-way ANOVA. End-resting MAP and pain sensation were higher in PL-TN (p = 0.008) and CA-HT (p = 0.012), respectively. End-exercise SBP tended to be higher in HRE individuals across environments (p = 0.10). Total peripheral resistance and MAP remained lower in HT across groups (p < 0.05). Despite the alleviating effect of the heat stressor, an augmented burning sensation-induced peripheral vasoconstriction might have blunted the pressure-lowering action of capsaicin.","PeriodicalId":507224,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Essential Fatty Acid Associated with Heart Rate Variability in Highly Trained Male Cross-Country Skiers: A Pilot Study 与训练有素的男性越野滑雪者心率变异性有关的必需脂肪酸：一项试点研究

Physiologia Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.3390/physiologia4010003

A. Lyudinina, Alexander L. Markov, Evgeny R. Bojko

{"title":"Essential Fatty Acid Associated with Heart Rate Variability in Highly Trained Male Cross-Country Skiers: A Pilot Study","authors":"A. Lyudinina, Alexander L. Markov, Evgeny R. Bojko","doi":"10.3390/physiologia4010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia4010003","url":null,"abstract":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites play important roles in the modulation of vascular tone, heart rate variability (HRV), and cardiovascular diseases. This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between HRV and the plasma levels of essential acids. Methods: Highly trained cross-country skiers participated in the study (n = 19). Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV analyses were performed. The plasma levels of fatty acids were determined using gas–liquid chromatography. Results: Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were found to be negatively correlated with resting heart rate (HR) (p = 0.026). The plasma levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were positively associated with the relative value of high-frequency power (rs = 0.465, p = 0.045) and negatively correlated with the sympathovagal balance ratio (rs = −0.493, p = 0.032) and the absolute and relative values of low-frequency power (rs = −0.490, p = 0.028). The plasma levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) were positively associated with the relative value of high-frequency power (rs = 0.59, p = 0.006) and negatively correlated with the sympathovagal balance ratio (rs = −0.54, p = 0.017) and the relative values of low-frequency power (rs = −0.52, p = 0.022). No correlation was found between n6/n3 and HRV parameters except for HR and pNN50. Conclusions: n-3 PUFAs and ARA play an important role in the autonomic regulation of heart rate in highly trained skiers. Athletes with substantial deficiencies in plasma ALA and excess levels of ARA had increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity.","PeriodicalId":507224,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia","volume":"100 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Overview of and Advances in Modeling and Interoperability of Deep Neural Sleep Staging 深度神经睡眠分期建模和互操作性概述及进展

Physiologia Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.3390/physiologia4010001

Reza Soleimani, Jeffrey Barahona, Yuhan Chen, Alper Bozkurt, Michael Daniele, Vladimir Pozdin, Edgar Lobaton

引用次数: 0

Strategies to Improve Physiological and Psychological Components of Resiliency in Firefighters 提高消防员生理和心理复原力的策略

Physiologia Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.3390/physiologia3040045

A. M. Holland-Winkler, Blake K. Hamil, Daniel R. Greene, Austin A. Kohler

{"title":"Strategies to Improve Physiological and Psychological Components of Resiliency in Firefighters","authors":"A. M. Holland-Winkler, Blake K. Hamil, Daniel R. Greene, Austin A. Kohler","doi":"10.3390/physiologia3040045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia3040045","url":null,"abstract":"Firefighters are exposed to dangerous and often traumatic events due to the nature of their occupational demands. This repeated exposure to trauma combined with stressful work demands increases their risk for negative physiological and psychological health outcomes. The high prevalence of adverse health outcomes highlights the need for interventions to improve resiliency in firefighters. Resiliency is the ability to reduce the effect of crisis, rebound from adversity, and recover to pre-stimulus homeostasis. When traumatic exposures are unavoidable, as is the case with firefighters, it is important to buffer the resulting consequences on health. While resilience has a genetic component, interventions targeting physiological, psychological, and social components have been successful at improving resilience. These factors are of specific interest as increases in resilience have been linked to improved PTSD symptomology/severity, depression, anxiety, autonomic nervous system activation, hypothalamus–pituitary axis balance, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to identify physiological and psychological components associated with resiliency and discuss strategies that may improve those components to ultimately increase resiliency in firefighters. The strategies discussed include exercise, social support, and mindfulness.","PeriodicalId":507224,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139225706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Menstrual Cycle Tracking in Sports Research: Challenges, Progress, and Future Directions 体育研究中的月经周期跟踪：挑战、进展和未来方向

Physiologia Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.3390/physiologia3040044

Andrew Dole, M. Beaven, Stacy T. Sims

引用次数: 0

Training Load Is Correlated with Changes in Creatine Kinase and Wellness over a 12-Week Multi-Stage Preparatory Training Block for a Major Competition in International Boxers 在为期 12 周的多阶段备战训练中，国际拳击手的训练负荷与肌酸激酶和健康状况的变化有关

Physiologia Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.3390/physiologia3040043

Dáithí McCabe, Damian Martin, Gerard McMahon

{"title":"Training Load Is Correlated with Changes in Creatine Kinase and Wellness over a 12-Week Multi-Stage Preparatory Training Block for a Major Competition in International Boxers","authors":"Dáithí McCabe, Damian Martin, Gerard McMahon","doi":"10.3390/physiologia3040043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia3040043","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are no published data on the training-load magnitude or distribution in elite international-level boxers preparing for a major competition nor on the training load’s relationship with objective and subjective training markers. Methods: Twelve elite boxers (eight males and four females) preparing for the 2018 Commonwealth Games were monitored during training for 12 weeks. The training load (TL), change in creatine kinase (ΔCK), and wellness variables were measured daily but were amalgamated into average weekly values over the 12-week period for weekly comparisons. The relationships between the TL, ΔCK, and wellness variables were also assessed. Results: The significant (p < 0.001) main effects of the week with large and moderate effect sizes were noted for the TL and ΔCK, respectively, with weeks 9 and 12 in the competition-specific and taper phases showing the greatest differences, respectively. For wellness, only the muscle condition showed a significant change over time (p < 0.001). There were significant (p < 0.05) small–moderate correlations between the TL, ΔCK, and wellness variables. Conclusions: This is the first study to describe the weekly training loads and responses to training of elite international boxers across a 12-week pre-competition training period in preparation for a major competition. The findings within this study report that elite international boxers have high chronic training loads that change between training blocks to put emphasis on different qualities. Monitoring the indirect muscle damage through CK may provide further information on the internal training responses in boxers.","PeriodicalId":507224,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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