Weed Research最新文献

{"title":"Environmental factors determining weed species distribution in organic manure and inorganic fertiliser smallholder maize (Zea mays L.) production","authors":"T. L. Mncube, Ethel E. Phiri, H. Mloza-Banda, J. Rugare, P. N. Mothapo, P. J. Pieterse","doi":"10.1111/wre.12656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12656","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are a major concern in crop production, and their environmental plasticity hinders successful control. A phytosociological study assessed weed distribution patterns in smallholder maize (Zea mays L.) production under different climatic and soil factors in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 cropping seasons. Thirty‐six maize fields from the Highveld (Mankayane) and the Middleveld (Luve) of Eswatini, were investigated with three fertiliser regimes applied (cattle manure only, cattle manure plus inorganic fertiliser and inorganic fertiliser only). Phytosociological attributes of weed species including density were collected using a 25 m transect placed horizontally at the centre of each field. Climatic factors and soil physiochemical properties considered included altitude, rainfall, temperature, soil texture, soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese. Fifty‐six weed species belonging to 16 families were recorded. Distance‐based multivariate multiple regression (DistLM) analysis was used to determine the relationship between weed species composition as the dependent variable from the fertiliser regimes and the environmental factors as the independent variable. Eight environmental variables explained 25% variation in species distribution namely; altitude, temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, magnesium and percentage silt. At Luve, temperature, copper and magnesium significantly explained weed distribution in all three fertiliser regimes, while phosphorus influenced weed distribution in the manure only regime. At Mankayane, nitrogen affected weed distribution in the manure plus inorganic fertiliser and inorganic fertiliser regimes whereas altitude, phosphorus, potassium, and %silt influenced weed distribution in the manure only and manure plus inorganic fertiliser regimes. The observations suggest that some weed species coexist between fertiliser regimes and study areas while others occur in specific environments only.","PeriodicalId":506547,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of gap size in grass cover on the percentage and rate of dandelion achene germination","authors":"Z. Martinková, A. Honěk","doi":"10.1111/wre.12657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12657","url":null,"abstract":"In Central Europe, Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers (dandelion) is an economically important admixture in grasslands. Its spread is supported by its ability to germinate in gaps in grass stands. In a 5‐year experiment, we examined the effect of gap size on the germination rate and percentage of dandelion achenes. Each year, achenes were sown in late spring and mid‐summer in 90 square plots of six sizes, ranging from 2.5 × 2.5 cm to 80 × 80 cm. The plots were placed on a 2 × 6 m experimental area covered with low‐cut lawn. The course of germination varied among individual replicates depending on the weather. In each replicate, however, the rate of germination increased, and the percentage of germinated achenes decreased with increasing gap size. Differences in germination paralleled differences in the microclimate on the soil surface of plots where humidity decreased and temperature increased with plot size. The ultimate cause of this difference was the variance among gaps of different sizes in proportion to which the total area of the gap surface is insolated during the day. The colonization of lawns by dandelion is supported by the formation of small gaps in grass stands.","PeriodicalId":506547,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":" 59","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson reproduction system: Implications for distribution and management strategies","authors":"Ednaldo A Borgato, Sara Ohadi, C. Brunharo, Eric L. Patterson, Maor Matzrafi","doi":"10.1111/wre.12626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12626","url":null,"abstract":"Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson is one of the most troublesome weed species worldwide, and is considered one of the most devastating weeds in agricultural fields in the United States. Recently, A. palmeri populations have spread beyond their native range, into the Mediterranean region, and have been reported in several European countries. Resistance to 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors have been found in European populations, exacerbating the management problems with this species in the Mediterranean region. While the biology, ecology, herbicide resistance mechanisms, and agricultural significance of A. palmeri have been studied, there remains a need to discuss how A. palmeri's unique reproductive traits influence its ability to adapt to various environments, especially as an invasive species spreading into new habitats. We review how the genetic and genomic characteristics of A. palmeri interact with aspects of its reproductive biology, including its breeding system, and alter its ability to hybridize and develop herbicide resistance. Finally, we discuss the breeding system of A. palmeri in the context of weed management, and explore different approaches such as irradiated pollens, genetic manipulations, and RNA interference (RNAi).","PeriodicalId":506547,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of farm resources and management decisions on the severity of Striga infestation and maize productivity in western Kenya","authors":"L. Rusinamhodzi, Elodie Nguyen, Helene Marrou, Seraphine Uzamushaka, M. Corbeels","doi":"10.1111/wre.12629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12629","url":null,"abstract":"The control of Striga is of critical importance for smallholder farmers cultivating maize and other cereals in the western region of Kenya. Therefore, advanced knowledge and analysis is needed to understand farmers' resource endowment and decision making with regards to crop management, and the possible effect on Striga infestation and crop productivity. The overall objective of the study was to understand the role of resource endowment and allocation decisions on Striga infestation and maize productivity and offer effective and locally adapted options in western Kenya. The study used semi‐structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and resource flow mapping to identify farm resources and key management decisions that are critical in management of Striga on smallholder farms. Soil was sampled from fields of selected farms and taken to the laboratory for analysis including Striga seed counts. In the fields, Striga shoots counts, and maize yield were recorded. Socio‐economic variables such as land size, household income, labour availability, were used to construct a farm typology and assign farmers to different resource groups (RGs). Our results showed that household diversity leads to different land‐use patterns, resource‐use intensity and agricultural management practices which affect soil fertility and Striga infestation. Poor‐resourced farmers tend to be associated with poor crop and soil management which results in maize fields with low soil fertility and high level of Striga infestation. Soil organic carbon showed a strong negative association with Striga infestation. Improving soil fertility is, therefore, the central component of any integrated and sustainable Striga management approaches, and technological solutions to address Striga and soil fertility issues, and they must be tailored to the farm and field diversity. The inclusion of legumes is highly recommended either as rotation or intercropping depending on land availability. Where possible, farmers may use mulch from previous crop residues to suppress weed emergence and prevent flowering and seed setting. Hand weeding though tiresome, remains a low‐cost effective method to control Striga especially in areas where fields are small as in western Kenya.","PeriodicalId":506547,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non‐chemical weed management for sustainable rice production in the Ebro Delta","authors":"Alfred Palma‐Guillén, Miquel Salicrú, Ariadna Nadal, X. Serrat, Salvador Nogués","doi":"10.1111/wre.12628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12628","url":null,"abstract":"Weed control is one of the major challenges in rice cultivation, and the use of agrochemicals for this crop is severely restricted under the new European agricultural policy. Therefore, new effective non‐chemical weed control techniques are the key to sustain European rice production. We investigated four non‐chemical weed management strategies in the Ebro Delta in north‐eastern Spain, two in dry‐seeded rice fields and two in water‐seeded rice fields. In addition, two controls per sowing condition were included: a positive control consisting of chemical herbicides treatment and a negative control consisting of no weeding and no seeding. Mechanical weeding using a rotary harrow placed in front of the seeder was the best weeding technique for dry seeding, while ‘stale seed bed’ and transplanting was the best performing technique for wet seeding. Both techniques were as effective as the chemical weeding control, reducing the density of weeds and the supplementary manual weeding time needed for those weed species more abundant in Ebro Delta rice fields (i.e., Echinochloa oryzoides, Echinochloa crus‐galli, Bolboschoenus maritimus and Heteranthera reniformis). Thus, non‐chemical weeding alternatives have been proven effective for both, transplanting and dry seeding field management strategies.","PeriodicalId":506547,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140736779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of seed persistence in blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.)","authors":"Thomas E. Holloway, Marta Pérez, Jake O. Chandler, Nahema Venceslai, Lucio Garcia, Jonathan Cohn, Kelly Schilling, Anne Seville, G. Leubner‐Metzger, K. Nakabayashi","doi":"10.1111/wre.12630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12630","url":null,"abstract":"Seed dormancy is the key factor determining weed emergence in agricultural fields and there is growing interest in weed seeds as a target for weed management. A foremost limitation to this approach is the lack of molecular insight into the mechanisms regulating dormancy in weed seeds. Alopecurus myosuroides (blackgrass) seeds were collected from a wheat field in the UK. At low temperatures, dormant (D) and after‐ripened (AR) seeds germinate similarly and at warm temperatures dormancy is enforced. RNAseq analysis at both temperatures for D and AR seeds demonstrated distinct mechanisms, involving abscisic acid and gibberellin signalling, are involved in after‐ripening and cold‐induced dormancy release. Exogenous application of selected plant growth regulators provided further insight into the phytohormone processes involved in seed dormancy in blackgrass. An untargeted analysis of the transcriptome revealed dormancy‐related processes beyond the regulation of germination, such as seed defence processes, which may have potential as targets for weed seedbank management. Our findings suggest that dormancy breaking can occur via multiple independent but connected hormone‐mediated mechanisms and provide a case study for the use of next‐generation sequencing to uncover the mechanisms involved in seed dormancy in weed and non‐model species.","PeriodicalId":506547,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of a bioassay for assessing the dissipation rate of the synthetic strigolactone GR24 in soil","authors":"Amit Wallach, Maor Matzrafi, Assaf Distelfeld, Ahmed Nasser, H. Eizenberg","doi":"10.1111/wre.12619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12619","url":null,"abstract":"Root parasitic weeds of the genera Striga, Orobanche, and Phelipanche cause enormous economic losses for farmers the world over. Germination of the seeds of these species requires a chemotropic signal in the form of strigolactones in the soil. Once a root parasitic weed germinates and becomes established, it draws nutrition from the host plants, leading to plant death and hence yield reduction. Despite the obvious importance of strigolactones, there is currently almost no information about the fate of strigolactones in the soil, although microbial involvement has been suggested. To begin to address this knowledge lacuna, we developed a bioassay—using the strigolactone synthetic analogue GR24—as a high‐throughput, inexpensive, and compact tool for monitoring the dissipation of strigolactones (GR24 in this case) in the soil by microorganisms and/or environmental conditions, including GR24 concentration, soil type, and temperature. As part of the bioassay, it was found that autoclaving the soil delayed the dissipation of GR24 versus sterilisation by gamma radiation and or no sterilisation. Analytical LC–MS/MS with a detection limit of 0.1 ppb confirmed this finding, with no GR24 being detected in non‐sterilised soil after 24 h. Application of the bioassay to monitor GR24 dissipation in soil showed that the higher the GR24 concentration the slower the degradation, and the higher the temperature, the faster the degradation. It also showed that the organic matter content of the soil affected the GR24 dissipation rate. These findings were also confirmed by analytical LC–MS/MS, indicating the applicability of the methodology for studies of root exudes.","PeriodicalId":506547,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and future glyphosate use in European agriculture","authors":"P. Neve, Maor Matzrafi, L. Ulber, B. Baraibar, Roland Beffa, Xavier Belvaux, Joel Torra Farré, H. Mennan, Björn Ringselle, Jukka Salonen, Josef Soukup, S. Andert, Rebecka Duecker, Emilio Gonzalez, K. Hamouzová, Isabella Karpinski, I. Travlos, Francesco Vidotto, P. Kudsk","doi":"10.1111/wre.12624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12624","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a longstanding and contentious debate about the future of glyphosate use in the European Union (EU). In November 2023, the European Commission approved the renewal of the use registration for glyphosate for a further 10 years. Nevertheless, the EU Farm to Fork strategy calls for a 50% reduction in pesticide use by 2030. In November 2022, the European Weed Research Society organised a 2 day workshop to identify critical glyphosate uses in current EU cropping systems and to review the availability of glyphosate alternatives. Workshop participants identified four current, critical uses in EU cropping systems; control and management of perennial weeds, weed control in conservation agriculture, vegetation management in tree and vine crops and herbicide resistance management. There are few herbicide alternatives that provide effective, economic, broad‐spectrum control of weeds, particularly perennial weeds. Mechanical weed control, and in particular, soil cultivation is the most obvious glyphosate alternative. However, this is not possible in conservation agriculture systems and, in general, increased soil cultivation has negative impacts for soil health. Emerging technologies for precision weed control can enable more targeted use of glyphosate, greatly reducing use rates. These technologies also facilitate the use and development of alternative targeted physical weed control (e.g. tillage, lasers, electricity), reducing the energy and environmental costs of these approaches. In tree crops, the use of organic and inorganic mulches can reduce the need for glyphosate use. In general, reduced use of glyphosate will require an even greater focus on integrated weed management to reduce weed establishment in agroecosystems, increase weed management diversity and limit the use of alternative resistance‐prone herbicides.","PeriodicalId":506547,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":"131 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed seedbank as influenced by tillage and herbicide in direct seeded rice‐mustard cropping sequence in lateritic soil of eastern India","authors":"Deepak Kumar Jaiswal, B. Duary, Ravi Ranjan Kumar, Chaitanya P. Nath","doi":"10.1111/wre.12621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12621","url":null,"abstract":"The above‐ground community dynamics of weeds represent the soil weed seedbank in an agro‐ecosystem. Hence, understanding the seedbank will offer an idea for future weed management tactics. We aimed to determine the density of weed seedbank and emergence of major weeds in direct seeded rice (DSR) (Oryza sativa L.)—mustard (Brassica campestris L. var. yellow sarson) cropping sequence under varied tillage and herbicide combinations. The present study on weed seedbank was conducted using seedling emergence method after collecting the soils at the harvest of mustard at the completion of 2 years field experimentation. The experiment was conducted in split‐plot design with two tillage practices [zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT)] in main plot and eight weed management practices in DSR [oxadiargyl followed by (fb) bispyribac‐sodium, penoxsulam + cyhalofop‐butyl, oxadiargyl fb penoxsulam + cyhalofop‐butyl, fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl + ethoxysulfuron, oxadiargyl fb fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl + ethoxysulfuron, pendimethalin fb bispyribac‐sodium, unweeded control, and weed free check] as subplot. The carry‐over effect of tillage and weed management practices were recorded in mustard crop. Seed emergence study revealed that ZT reduced the emergence of grassy weeds (by 13.7%) and total weed emergence (19.5%) in comparison to the CT (p < 0.05). However, emergence of broadleaf weeds was 24.5% higher in ZT than in CT. The higher infestation was recorded for Ludwigia parviflora (Jacq.) Raven under penoxsulam + cyhalofop‐butyl, fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl + ethoxysulfuron, Cyperus iria (L.) under fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl + ethoxysulfuron, and Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. under pendimethalin fb bispyribac‐sodium, oxadiargyl fb bispyribac‐sodium. Sole application of post‐emergence (POE) herbicide decreased the total weed emergence by 22.2%–28.1% than unweeded control (p < 0.05). Whereas, sequential application of PRE + POE herbicides decreased the total weed emergence by 32.8%–36.9% than unweeded control (p < 0.05). Notably, sedge weeds such as Cyperus iria (L.) and Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl were lower in ZT than in CT under herbicide treated plots (by 66.6%–84.3%) than unweeded control. Thus, ZT with oxadiargyl 90 g a.i. ha−1 fb fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl + ethoxysulfuron (90 + 15 g a.i. ha−1) as tank‐mix can be effectively used to lower the weed seedbank density vis‐à‐vis managing complex weed flora in DSR and rice‐mustard cropping sequence.","PeriodicalId":506547,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple resistance to EPSPS and ALS inhibitors in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) identified in Turkey","authors":"Emine Kaya-Altop, K. Jabran, F. Pala, H. Mennan","doi":"10.1111/wre.12618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12618","url":null,"abstract":"Amaranthus palmeri was first reported in Turkey in 2016, and an immediate heavy infestation of the weed was found in fruit orchards and summer crops such as maize, cotton, and sunflower. There have been farmers' complaints about the ineffective control of Palmer amaranth through the use of glyphosate and some sulfonylureas herbicides. Hence, this study aimed to determine the possible herbicide resistance evolution in Palmer amaranth against glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS) herbicides. Seeds of 21 Palmer amaranth populations were collected from five provinces of Turkey where control problems with glyphosate and ALS inhibitors were reported in maize fields. Seeds of certain biotypes categorized as resistant or susceptible were grown to obtain the F2 generation. A single‐dose experiment determined the possible resistance to ALS inhibitors and glyphosate among the 21 populations. Of this, 18 populations were included in the subsequent dose–response experiments due to evident survival. Based on ED50 values from the dose–response experiment, SNU‐04 and ADN‐21 biotypes had the highest resistance index for glyphosate which was more than 7. The biotypes ADN‐21, OSM‐15, and DIR‐09 recorded the highest ED50 value with a resistance index of 9.21–10.35 after nicosulfuron application. Whereas, the biotypes SNU‐04, OSM‐15, and ADN‐21 were with the highest ED50 value and resistance index of 6.41–7.44, after the application of foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron methyl‐sodium. The increase in genomic 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) copy number has been observed in suspected cases that have been accepted as the molecular basis for the development of resistance against glyphosate. The sequence alignment results for the ALS gene contained Ala122Val and Pro197Arg mutations related to target‐site resistance against ALS herbicides.","PeriodicalId":506547,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}