The Economic History Review最新文献

Overseas trade and taxation in England and Wales, c. 1680–1790 英格兰和威尔士的海外贸易与税收，约 1680-1790 年

The Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13370

Spike Sweeting

引用次数: 0

Red gold: Copper and the U.S. mobilization campaign, 1950–3 红色黄金：铜与美国的动员运动，1950-1933 年

The Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13371

Glenn J. Dorn

引用次数: 0

From the little divergence to the little divide: Real wages in the Kingdom of Sicily (1540‒1850) 从 "小分歧 "到 "小鸿沟"：西西里王国的实际工资（1540-1850 年）

The Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13359

Tancredi Buscemi

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Respectable standards of living: The alternative lens of maintenance costs, Britain 1270–1860 体面的生活标准：赡养费的另一种视角，英国 1270-1860 年

The Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13357

Jane Humphries

{"title":"Respectable standards of living: The alternative lens of maintenance costs, Britain 1270–1860","authors":"Jane Humphries","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13357","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that in all societies there is considerable agreement about what goods and services are needed to provide a decent living, and that this standard can be measured by the expense involved in maintaining people of good standing. Maintenance costs include two components of living costs that are neglected in conventional approaches. First, in contrast to the usual focus on a fixed basket of commodities, maintenance costs capture changes in the composition and quality of the goods required for a respectable lifestyle. Second, unlike conventional accounting, they include the costs of the household services required to turn the basket commodities into livings. Ignored in the conventional methodology, the inclusion of these costs represents a core innovation. More than 4600 observations, drawn mainly from primary sources, trace levels and trends in maintenance costs for Britain from 1270 to 1860. These can be compared with established cost of living indicators to offer a complementary perspective on real consumption that accommodates aspirational goods and the input of household labour. The struggle to support families at respectable standards emerges as driving industriousness and motivating prudence among a class that played a major role in economic development.","PeriodicalId":505850,"journal":{"name":"The Economic History Review","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

UK fiscal policy and external balance under Bretton Woods: Twin deficits or distant relatives? 布雷顿森林体系下的英国财政政策和对外收支平衡：双赤字还是远亲？

The Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13352

Joshua J. Banerjee

引用次数: 0

The expansion of basic education during ‘deskilling’ technological change in England and Wales, c. 1780–1830 约 1780-1830 年英格兰和威尔士 "桌面化 "技术变革期间基础教育的扩展

The Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13354

Louis Henderson

{"title":"The expansion of basic education during ‘deskilling’ technological change in England and Wales, c. 1780–1830","authors":"Louis Henderson","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13354","url":null,"abstract":"The first country to industrialize – England – ostensibly did so without expanding investment in the basic education of its workforce. The empirical evidence underpinning this argument for England rests largely on signature rates at marriage. These are not a perfect indication of educational achievement, particularly as many children never learned to write. More problematically, I argue signatures are likely to have systematically underestimated human capital in industrial districts. In place of signature data, I propose age heaping, a measure widely understood as a proxy for numeracy but shown here to be closely related to both reading and writing abilities. In contrast to signatures, this measure suggests that ‘deskilling’ industrialization induced human capital accumulation. I argue that this occurred not because human capital was directly productive, but rather because schools provided a valuable signal. Sunday school attendance signalled low leisure‐preference among child workers and were popularly attended in industrial districts. Further, such schools taught children to read but not write, which they considered inappropriate for the Sabbath, accounting for the discrepancy between these two measures of human capital.","PeriodicalId":505850,"journal":{"name":"The Economic History Review","volume":"43 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The implementation of national labour legislation in England after the Black Death, 1349–1400 1349-1400 年黑死病之后英格兰国家劳动立法的实施情况

The Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13355

Mark Bailey

引用次数: 0

The emergence of double entry bookkeeping 复式记账法的出现

The Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13358

Alan Sangster

{"title":"The emergence of double entry bookkeeping","authors":"Alan Sangster","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13358","url":null,"abstract":"Double entry account books of medieval Italian merchants and bankers have been extensively used as primary sources by historians of several disciplines interested in business, trade, commodities, markets, sources, prices, interest rates, exchange rates, tariffs, taxes, wages, rents, agents, networks, and many other related topics. The reason for the emergence of such a detailed bookkeeping method is unknown. This paper presents a critical analysis of entries in a ledger of Florentine moneychanger‐bankers from 1211. Comparison with later examples confirms that this ledger portrays a method of bookkeeping embracing double entries that transformed into entity‐wide double entry bookkeeping by the end of the thirteenth century. Following consideration of the socio‐political, economic, legal, and commercial environment of the period and place in which it was used in 1211, the origin of this bookkeeping method is attributed to northern Italian moneychanger‐bankers in the twelfth century. Their bookkeeping method addressed the evidential demands of multiple legal systems relating to use of credit necessitated by a lack of sufficient quality coinage in circulation to support the growing and expanding regional markets of northern Italy.","PeriodicalId":505850,"journal":{"name":"The Economic History Review","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Trade costs and the integration of British West Africa in the global economy, c. 1840–1940 贸易成本与英属西非融入全球经济，约 1840-1940 年

The Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13353

F. Tadei, N. Aslanidis, Oscar Martinez

{"title":"Trade costs and the integration of British West Africa in the global economy, c. 1840–1940","authors":"F. Tadei, N. Aslanidis, Oscar Martinez","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13353","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the essential role of trade for African economies, in the extensive literature on the historical evolution of international trade costs, Africa is still missing. In this article, we contribute to filling this gap by (1) providing the first estimates of British West Africa's trade costs with Britain c. 1840–1940 by computing relative price gaps in a representative sample of African export and European import prices, and (2) analysing the main determinants of trade costs trends, by regressing price gaps on measures of transport costs, market efficiency, and trade barriers. The results uncover a diverging pattern in African and global trade costs trends, which was not noticed in the previous literature. British West Africa experienced a reduction in its trade costs with Britain c. 1840–70, similar to the one we observe in other world areas, thanks to improvements in shipping technology and market efficiency. From the late 1870s, however, as colonial monopsonistic trading companies consolidated their control of African export markets, trade costs continued to decline in the rest of the world, but not in British West Africa. Consequently, from the late nineteenth century, trade for West Africa became relatively more expensive than for other world regions.","PeriodicalId":505850,"journal":{"name":"The Economic History Review","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

It's not about the money: New evidence on U.S. reconstruction aid in Italy, 1947–68 不是钱的问题1947-68 年美国援助意大利重建的新证据

The Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13349

Marco Martinez

{"title":"It's not about the money: New evidence on U.S. reconstruction aid in Italy, 1947–68","authors":"Marco Martinez","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13349","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the economic impact of foreign aid on Italian firms. In particular, I study the different effects of three main forms of aid: Export–Import Bank loans, Marshall Plan European Recovery Program (ERP) ‘dollars’ loans and the Marshall Plan ERP ‘lire’ loans. In all programmes, the United States sent technologically advanced machinery to allow for a modernization of the technology of Italian firms, but the conditions of such loans differed. This paper tests how crucial such different features have been for the effectiveness of firm reconstruction aid. By creating a new dataset on recipient firms and linking it to a large comprehensive firm‐level dataset (Imita.db), I compare the effects on the performance of firms. I find that the Export–Import Bank loan raised the long‐run profitability of firms, but that firms which received more flexible forms of Marshall Plan aid (‘ERP‐lire’) raised their performance much more than Export–Import Bank recipients. Recipients who only received funds provided with long delays (‘ERP‐dollars’) did not benefit from them. This evidence suggests that rather than receiving foreign aid per se, the most crucial features of reconstruction aid in Italy have been obtaining the requested goods on time and adjusting requests to receive the most needed productive goods.","PeriodicalId":505850,"journal":{"name":"The Economic History Review","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0