Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Associations between neonicotinoids and liver function measures in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016","authors":"Amruta M. Godbole, Aimin Chen, Ann M. Vuong","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000310","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Toxicological studies indicate that neonicotinoids may be associated with disruptions in liver function due to an increase in oxidative stress. There are scant epidemiological studies investigating the chronic hepatotoxic effects of neonicotinoids.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To examine the association between detectable concentrations of parent neonicotinoids and neonicotinoid metabolites with liver function markers among US adults, and whether sex modifies this association.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 data were used to estimate associations between detectable neonicotinoids and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), albumin, total bilirubin, total protein, and Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) using multiple linear regression.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Detectable levels of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid were associated with a decrease in GGT (β = −3.54 unit/l; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −6.48, −0.61) and detectable levels of 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid were associated with a decrease in HSI (β = −1.11; 95% CI = −2.14, −0.07). Sex modified the association between any parent neonicotinoid and ALP (P\u0000 int = 0.064) and the association between clothianidin and ALP (P\u0000 int = 0.019), with a pattern of positive associations in males and inverse associations in females, though stratified associations did not reach statistical significance. Sex also modified the association between 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid and total protein (P\u0000 int = 0.062), with a significant positive association in females (β = 0.14 g/dl; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.25) and a null association in males.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Detectable concentrations of neonicotinoid metabolites were inversely associated with GGT and HSI in US adults. Evidence suggests neonicotinoids may influence liver function differently depending on sex. Future research is recommended to replicate the findings as the study was limited in its cross-sectional nature and inability to examine continuous neonicotinoid concentrations with liver function.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"49 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cohort study of the multipollutant effects of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 on C-reactive protein levels during pregnancy","authors":"P. Gogna, Michael M. Borghese, Paul J. Villeneuve, Premkumari Kumarathasan, Markey Johnson, Robin H. Shutt, J. Ashley-Martin, Maryse F. Bouchard, Will D. King","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000308","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 PM2.5, NO2, and O3 contribute to the development of adverse pregnancy complications. While studies have investigated the independent effects of these exposures, literature on their combined effects is limited. Our objective was to study the multipollutant effects of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 on maternal systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We used data from 1170 pregnant women enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study (MIREC) study in Canada. Air pollution exposures were assigned to each participant based on residential location. CRP was measured in third-trimester blood samples. We fit multipollutant linear regression models and evaluated the effects of air pollutant mixtures (14-day averages) using repeated-holdout Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and by calculating the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In multipollutant models adjusting for NO2, O3, and green space, each interquartile range (IQR) increase in 14-day average PM2.5 (IQR: 6.9 µg/m3) was associated with 27.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.2, 50.7) higher CRP. In air pollution mixture models adjusting for green space, each IQR increase in AQHI was associated with 37.7% (95% CI = 13.9, 66.5) higher CRP; and an IQR increase in the WQS index was associated with 78.6% (95% CI = 29.7, 146.0) higher CRP.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 PM2.5 has the strongest relationship of the individual pollutants examined with maternal blood CRP concentrations. Mixtures incorporating all three pollutants, assessed using the AQHI and WQS index, showed stronger relationships with CRP compared with individual pollutants and illustrate the importance of conducting multipollutant analyses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches in Japan: A nationwide case-crossover study","authors":"Yasuko Mano, Lei Yuan, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Masahiro Hashizume","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000298","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Although the effects of temperature on genitourinary morbidity and mortality have been investigated in several countries, it remains largely unexplored in Japan. We investigated the association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) in Japan and the modifying roles of sex, age, and illness severity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study with conditional quasi-Poisson regression to estimate the association between mean temperature and genitourinary EADs in all prefectures of Japan between 2015 and 2019. A mixed-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the association at the country level. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore differences in associations stratified by sex, age, and illness severity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We found an increased risk of genitourinary EAD associated with higher temperatures. The cumulative relative risk (RR) at the 99th temperature percentile compared with that at the 1st percentile was 1.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.60, 1.89]). We observed higher heat-related RRs in males (RR = 1.89; 95% CI = [1.73, 2.07]) than females (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = [1.37, 1.76]), and in the younger (RR = 2.13; 95% CI = [1.86, 2.45]) than elderly (RR = 1.39; 95% CI = [1.22, 1.58]). We found a significant association for those with mild or moderate cases (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.62, 1.93]), but not for severe or life-threatening cases (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = [0.80, 1.82]).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study revealed heat effects on genitourinary EADs in Japan. Men, youth, and mild-moderate illnesses were particularly vulnerable subgroups. These findings underscore the need for preventative measures aimed at mitigating the impact of temperature on genitourinary emergencies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139777549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide exposure, birth size, and gestational age in the ISA birth cohort, Costa Rica","authors":"B. van Wendel de Joode, Jorge Peñaloza-Castañeda, Ana M Mora, Andrea Corrales-Vargas, Brenda Eskenazi, Jane A. Hoppin, Christian H. Lindh","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000290","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To examine associations of prenatal biomarkers of pesticide exposure with birth size measures and length of gestation among newborns from the Infants’ Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort, Costa Rica.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We included 386 singleton liveborn newborns with data on birth size measures, length of gestation, and maternal urinary biomarkers of chlorpyrifos, synthetic pyrethroids, mancozeb, pyrimethanil, and 2, 4-D during pregnancy. We associated biomarkers of exposure with birth outcomes using multivariate linear regression and generalized additive models.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Concentrations were highest for ethylene thiourea (ETU, metabolite of mancozeb), median = 3.40; p10–90 = 1.90–6.79 µg/L, followed by 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) p50 = 1.76 p10–90 = 0.97–4.36 µg/L, and lowest for 2,4-D (p50 = 0.33 p10–90 = 0.18–1.07 µg/L). Among term newborns (≥37 weeks), higher prenatal TCP was associated with lower birth weight and smaller head circumference (e.g., β per 10-fold-increase) during the second half of pregnancy = −129.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −255.8, −3.5) grams, and −0.61 (95% CI = −1.05, −0.17) centimeters, respectively. Also, among term newborns, prenatal 2,4-D was associated with lower birth weight (β per 10-fold-increase = −125.1; 95% CI = −228.8, −21.5), smaller head circumference (β = −0.41; 95% CI = −0.78, −0.03), and, during the second half of pregnancy, with shorter body length (β = −0.58; 95% CI = −1.09, −0.07). Furthermore, ETU was nonlinearly associated with head circumference during the second half of pregnancy. Biomarkers of pyrethroids and pyrimethanil were not associated with birth size, and none of the biomarkers explained the length of gestation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D, and, possibly, mancozeb/ETU, may impair fetal growth.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"69 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide exposure, birth size, and gestational age in the ISA birth cohort, Costa Rica","authors":"B. van Wendel de Joode, Jorge Peñaloza-Castañeda, Ana M Mora, Andrea Corrales-Vargas, Brenda Eskenazi, Jane A. Hoppin, Christian H. Lindh","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000290","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To examine associations of prenatal biomarkers of pesticide exposure with birth size measures and length of gestation among newborns from the Infants’ Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort, Costa Rica.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We included 386 singleton liveborn newborns with data on birth size measures, length of gestation, and maternal urinary biomarkers of chlorpyrifos, synthetic pyrethroids, mancozeb, pyrimethanil, and 2, 4-D during pregnancy. We associated biomarkers of exposure with birth outcomes using multivariate linear regression and generalized additive models.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Concentrations were highest for ethylene thiourea (ETU, metabolite of mancozeb), median = 3.40; p10–90 = 1.90–6.79 µg/L, followed by 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) p50 = 1.76 p10–90 = 0.97–4.36 µg/L, and lowest for 2,4-D (p50 = 0.33 p10–90 = 0.18–1.07 µg/L). Among term newborns (≥37 weeks), higher prenatal TCP was associated with lower birth weight and smaller head circumference (e.g., β per 10-fold-increase) during the second half of pregnancy = −129.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −255.8, −3.5) grams, and −0.61 (95% CI = −1.05, −0.17) centimeters, respectively. Also, among term newborns, prenatal 2,4-D was associated with lower birth weight (β per 10-fold-increase = −125.1; 95% CI = −228.8, −21.5), smaller head circumference (β = −0.41; 95% CI = −0.78, −0.03), and, during the second half of pregnancy, with shorter body length (β = −0.58; 95% CI = −1.09, −0.07). Furthermore, ETU was nonlinearly associated with head circumference during the second half of pregnancy. Biomarkers of pyrethroids and pyrimethanil were not associated with birth size, and none of the biomarkers explained the length of gestation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D, and, possibly, mancozeb/ETU, may impair fetal growth.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"130 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139836698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches in Japan: A nationwide case-crossover study","authors":"Yasuko Mano, Lei Yuan, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Masahiro Hashizume","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000298","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Although the effects of temperature on genitourinary morbidity and mortality have been investigated in several countries, it remains largely unexplored in Japan. We investigated the association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) in Japan and the modifying roles of sex, age, and illness severity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study with conditional quasi-Poisson regression to estimate the association between mean temperature and genitourinary EADs in all prefectures of Japan between 2015 and 2019. A mixed-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the association at the country level. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore differences in associations stratified by sex, age, and illness severity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We found an increased risk of genitourinary EAD associated with higher temperatures. The cumulative relative risk (RR) at the 99th temperature percentile compared with that at the 1st percentile was 1.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.60, 1.89]). We observed higher heat-related RRs in males (RR = 1.89; 95% CI = [1.73, 2.07]) than females (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = [1.37, 1.76]), and in the younger (RR = 2.13; 95% CI = [1.86, 2.45]) than elderly (RR = 1.39; 95% CI = [1.22, 1.58]). We found a significant association for those with mild or moderate cases (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.62, 1.93]), but not for severe or life-threatening cases (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = [0.80, 1.82]).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study revealed heat effects on genitourinary EADs in Japan. Men, youth, and mild-moderate illnesses were particularly vulnerable subgroups. These findings underscore the need for preventative measures aimed at mitigating the impact of temperature on genitourinary emergencies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139837255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}