Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Changes in the absorptive capacity of soils of Donbass degraded agroecosystems","authors":"D. V. Syshchykov, I. V. Agurova","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-101-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-101-117","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of the soil-absorbing complex of degraded soils of agricultural land on the territory of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR). The main tasks of the work were to study the amount of exchangeable bases, as well as the exchangeable calcium and magnesium of degraded soils. To study the soil cover of degraded agroecosystems, model plots were selected, located in the northern part of the Shakhterskiy region of the DPR, represented by gravelly chernozems unwashed and medium-washed. The site with steppe vegetation (ordinary medium-humus chernozem) was selected as the control variant. The results of studies of soil absorption capacity of agrocenoses in general indicate the development of degradation processes. The sum of the exchangeable bases of all studied soils is significantly reduced in comparison with the zonal soil, and the minimum values of the studied indicator, compared to the control, are recorded on slope areas of the fields (76.6–81.8% in relation to the control). On the fallow field, no statistically significant differences were found between the values of the sum of exchangeable bases compared to the control, which is most likely due to the lack of intensive agricultural exploitation and the application of mineral nutritive elements to the soil of this site. In the soils of almost all model sites (with the exception of the fallow field), the content of exchangeable calcium decreased by 27.4–42.7% compared to zonal soil. While studying the content of exchangeable magnesium, some regularities have been noticed, which are due to correlation with exchangeable calcium. Thus, the intensification of agricultural soil use resulted in an increased ratio of magnesium to calcium – on average to 1 : 3, while in the control it was 1 : 5. Such a transformation in the future can negatively affect the soilabsorbing complex and the soil as a whole, further loss of soil structure and a number of other negative consequences.","PeriodicalId":505586,"journal":{"name":"Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil temperature regimes on the southern border of the zone of frozen bogs in Western Siberia","authors":"D. Moskovchenko, A. A. Gubarkov","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-23-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-23-51","url":null,"abstract":"Numto Nature Park (Western Siberia) is one of the southernmost locations of frozen peatlands. In 2019–2022, soil temperatures were measured there using an automatic monitoring system. The measurements were carried out for Murshik Hemic Cryic Histosol on flat palsa peatlands and frost mounds. The temperature for Folic Albic Podzol was measured for reference. The average annual temperature of the soil surface was found to be positive in all study areas: + 0.8 °C on the frost mound; +1.3 °C on the flat palsa peatlands; and + 4.5 °C in Folic Albic Podzol. The low temperature on the frost mound is due to the low snow cover, so the soil surface cools down to the minimum in winter. As for flat palsa peatlands, peat remains frozen all year round, starting from a depth of 0.5 m. On the frost mound, at the same time, the depth of seasonal thawing is 2 m. In winter, the frost penetration on the mound doesn't reach the permafrost table, revealing its probable degradation in case of further climate warming. According to the soil thermal regime classification, the soil on the frost mound falls into the category of long-term seasonally frozen soils, while high palsa peatlands nearby Nadym Town belong to the permafrost type. Data from the nearby meteorological station show a trend of rising air temperature and rainfall. An analysis of the soil temperature regime and the course of exogenous processes demonstrate that Murshik Hemic Cryic Histosol on high palsa peatlands is unstable. Permafrost persists there due to the low thickness of the snow cover on the peaks, which facilitates winter cooling. If the snow-cover height increases, permafrost is likely to melt there.","PeriodicalId":505586,"journal":{"name":"Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin","volume":"78 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of the methodology for determining the amount of damage from land degradation caused by soil erosion","authors":"A. Zhidkin, O. A. Makarov, A. R. Popova","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-177-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-177-207","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research was to modernize the “Methodology for determining the extent of damage from soil and land degradation” (Roskomzem, Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, 1994). The modified methodology was used to calculate the economic damage from soil erosion in three key sites located in different agroecological conditions of the Russian Plain (Belgorod, Oryol, Tambov and Voronezh regions). The calculated average annual rates of soil erosion vary by 10 or more times in the sites. The difference between the area of moderately and strongly eroded soils reached 40 times in these sites. The combination of higher rates of soil erosion, a longer duration of anthropogenic erosion, and the initially relatively small thickness of the humus horizons led to a significantly larger area of moderately and strongly eroded soils in the Oryol region compared to the sites in the Belgorod, Tambov, and Voronezh regions. Studies have revealed some shortcomings of the 1994 Methodology. In this work, the 1994 Methodology was modified to calculate damage from soil and land degradation over a short (annual) period of time. Reducing the estimated period in the modified methodology to a certain extent made it possible to reduce subjective components, in particular, not to use conversion factors depending on changes in the degree of soil degradation (Kc) and depending on the time period for restoration of degraded soils (Kv). Calculation of annual damage made it possible to estimate the annual profit and income much more accurately, taking into account the composition of crops and their yield in the year of the study. In addition, the use of annual estimates has high practical significance, since this approach allows us to associate damage with the actions of a specific land user. The damage from soil erosion, calculated according to the modified method, amounted to 11–18 thousand rubles/ha per year on the site in the Oryol region, 5–6 thousand rubles/ha per year on the site in the Belgorod region and only 0.025 thousand rubles/ha per year on the site on the border of the Tambov and Voronezh regions.","PeriodicalId":505586,"journal":{"name":"Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin","volume":"145 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the mineralogical composition of solod and solod meadow-chestnut soil, the case of soils of the liman depression at Dzhanybek research station of the Institute of Forest Science RAS","authors":"E. Varlamov, M. P. Lebedeva, N. Churilin, R. E. Musaelyan, A. V. Kolesnikov","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-140-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-140-176","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of the soil cover at the territory of the clayey semidesert of the Northern Caspian Sea is represented by triparted soil complex and peculiar soils like solod. Solods are formed in relief elements that are constant for this territory – mesodepressions, which are referred to limans. Two soil profiles were studied in the bottom of the liman – solod, and on its peripheral part – solodized meadow-chestnut soil. The formation of the solod profile occurs because of periodic moistening with fresh water and systematic flooding during the snowmelt period. The second soil is in the zone of transit of surface water to the liman. The soil profiles have the same type of eluvialilluvial distribution of the clay fraction, while differentiation is more distinct in solod. Mineralogical analysis established the same type of qualitative composition of clay and clastogenic minerals in both soils. Clay minerals are represented by illite, smectite, mixed-layer illite-smectite, accompanied by kaolinite and chlorite. Clastogenic minerals are represented by quartz, mica, K-feldspar, plagioclase, and chlorite. Quartz and feldspars are accumulated in the solodized horizons of the soil profiles; the content of quartz and feldspars decreases in the textural horizons, while the content of mica and chlorite increases. The distribution of the smectite phase in the solod profile reveals a difference in the ratio of illite-smectite packets, structures with a low content of smectite packets predominate in the solod part of the profile, and the proportion with a swelling packet in mixed-layer minerals increases in textural horizons. The solodized meadow-chestnut soil is distinguished by a smaller thickness of the solodized horizon, a higher content of the smectite component, and a calm character of the profile differentiation of clay and clastogenic minerals. In both soils, labile minerals with signs of superdispersion are recorded in the solodized and textural horizons. The superdispersion of labile minerals has different causes. In solod, it is associated with the action of low-mineralized water and the hydrolysis of soil minerals during the wet seasons of the year, as well as with the intense regime of intrasoil weathering in situ, and in the solodized meadow-chestnut soil, with the passage of the stage of solonetz soils. Differences in the smectite component were also revealed: in the solodized horizons of solod, it is represented by individual smectite and the mixed-layer phase of illitesmectite; and in the meadow-chestnut soil – by mixed-layer illite-smectite.","PeriodicalId":505586,"journal":{"name":"Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity of pore space properties at the pedon scale of the Phaeozems humus horizon","authors":"D. Fomin, A. Yudina, K. A. Romanenko","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-208-231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-208-231","url":null,"abstract":"The variability of soil parameters depends on the chosen method of measurements, the genesis and type of soil land use, and the level of hierarchy of soil structure organization. Computed tomography of soils is an actively growing method of soil structure study, for which many methodological issues remain relevant. The aim of this work was to examine the variability of the main parameters of the pore space (total porosity, number and average pore size) by the example of the humic horizon of a Phaeozem soil. For this purpose, an excessive number (15 microcores of 2 × 3 cm volume) was sampled from soil profile. Based on statistical evaluation of parameter variation, the objective was to determine the optimal number of replicates allowing full characterization of the soil pore space microstructure at the pedon scale. The smallest difference in heterogeneity between pedon and representative elementary volume REV was observed for total porosity (~12 times), while this ratio is larger (~14 times) for number and average pore size. On average, the threshold level, at which the dispersion of properties stopped decreasing, was 7.3 ± 0.6 monoliths for total porosity, 6.5 ± 0.6 monoliths for pore number, and 7.5 ± 0.4 monoliths for LT. Thus, minimal number of replicates necessary for full characteristic of soil structure is 7 monoliths. Sampling and analysis of microcores in 3 repetitions allows to describe the heterogeneity of the structure of the upper pedon horizon only by 25–30%.","PeriodicalId":505586,"journal":{"name":"Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin","volume":"30 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the SWAT model to characterise the water regime of soils in agrolandscapes","authors":"E. V. Shein, A. Bolotov, A. Dembovetskiy, D. Y. Usenko, N. A. Kharkhardinov, Yu. I. Vernyuk","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-5-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-5-22","url":null,"abstract":"The classification of soils water regimes a basic scientific basis in the form of an interdependent relationship between the movement of water and the formation of a soil profile, i. e. it is soil-genetic classification. This kind of classification provides a scientific and methodological platform for studying both the water regimes of soils in the landscape and the distribution of soils in the soil cover of the landscape. Numerical methods for representing the hydrological regimes of soils in the agricultural landscape are based on physically validated mathematical models of the soil water movement and spatial GIS information, which together allow to calculate, analyze and predict soil water regime, runoff in the scale of watersheds, substance transport in the soil profile, leaching processes, as well as the content of available soil moisture reserves in the agrolandscape structure – which is important for practice. A spatial-dynamic SWAT (Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Tool) model is presented to describe the water regimes of soils in the agro-landscape of the finite moraine ridge of the Upper Volga postglacial region (East European Plain, Tver region), as an example of landscape numerical hydrological models. Some examples are given in the article, which demonstrate that modeled data correspond well with experimental data on soil moisture dynamics in several points of agrolandscape for 3 depth levels, reflecting surface, deep (at groundwater level) and middle layers of soil profile, i. e. 10–20, 50–60 and 90–100 cm. On the one hand, the data were obtained by calculations with the help of the considered landscape-dynamic model; and on the other hand, – by classical soil drilling, sampling and gravimetric method for soil moisture content determination. It has been shown that the landscape model, adapted for specific conditions, using a digital elevation model with a resolution of 1×1 m per pixel, to calculate the soil water regime at different points of the agrolandscape satisfactorily describes the spatial-dynamic profile data on soil moisture.","PeriodicalId":505586,"journal":{"name":"Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin","volume":"426 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral reflectance of atmospheric dust as an indirect indicator of its soil origin","authors":"I. Y. Savin, G. Vindeker, O. O. Plotnikova, A. Romanovskaya","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-118-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-118-139","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric dust affects both human health and climate change. Therefore, the study of atmospheric dust is one of the important tasks of many scientific fields. The aim of our research was to indirectly assess the relation of atmospheric dust over arable lands of two test sites in Tver and Tula regions of Russia with soils. Dust was analyzed on aspirator filters after pumping specified volumes of air at the level of 20–30 cm above the arable surface. Its spectral reflectance was used as a criterion of soil origin of dust, which was compared with the reflectance of the size fraction (50–200 nm) of soils isolated by dry sieving of a sample of arable soil horizon. The spectral reflectance of dust was calculated based on approaches of linear separation of spectral mixture, taking into account the projective coverage of dust particles on filters, which was determined by analyzing microscope photographs of the filters in GIS. As a result, it was found that the recovered dust spectra on the filters correlate well with the spectra of the same size soil fraction separated by dry sieving, which indirectly confirms the predominance of specifically soil dust on the filters. Spearman correlation coefficient is within the range of 0.84–0.90, Kendall's Tau correlation coefficient varies within 0.70–0.79 (at significance level p < 0.05). Under the conditions of insignificant atmospheric dust load and when collecting a sufficient amount of dust for direct analysis is time and labour consuming, the approach used may serve as an alternative for indirect confirmation of the soil origin of dust in the near ground layer of the atmosphere. In the future, this approach can be used as a basis for monitoring of arable soils deflation.","PeriodicalId":505586,"journal":{"name":"Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}