James D. Cameron, Kadhim I Kadhim, S. H. Kamsani, Hui-Chen Han, O. Farouque, Prashanthan Sanders, Han S Lim
{"title":"Arrhythmogenic Mitral Valve Prolapse: Can We Risk Stratify and Prevent Sudden Cardiac Death?","authors":"James D. Cameron, Kadhim I Kadhim, S. H. Kamsani, Hui-Chen Han, O. Farouque, Prashanthan Sanders, Han S Lim","doi":"10.15420/aer.2023.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2023.26","url":null,"abstract":"Ventricular arrhythmias associated with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and the capacity to cause sudden cardiac death (SCD), referred to as ‘malignant MVP’, are an increasingly recognised, albeit rare, phenomenon. SCD can occur without significant mitral regurgitation, implying an interaction between mechanical derangements affecting the mitral valve apparatus and left ventricle. Risk stratification of these arrhythmias is an important clinical and public health issue to provide precise and targeted management. Evaluation requires patient and family history, physical examination and electrophysiological and imaging-based modalities. We provide a review of arrhythmogenic MVP, exploring its epidemiology, demographics, clinical presentation, mechanisms linking MVP to SCD, markers of disease severity, testing modalities and management, and discuss the importance of risk stratification. Even with recently improved understanding, it remains challenging how best to weight the prognostic importance of clinical, imaging and electrophysiological data to determine a clear high-risk arrhythmogenic profile in which an ICD should be used for the primary prevention of SCD.","PeriodicalId":505383,"journal":{"name":"Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review","volume":"117 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Foley, Honey Thomas, Mark Dayer, Sophie Robinson, Vivienne Ezzatt, Matthew Swift, Nadiya Johal, Eleri Roberts
{"title":"British Heart Rhythm Society Standards for Implantation and Follow-up of Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices in Adults: January 2024 Update","authors":"Paul Foley, Honey Thomas, Mark Dayer, Sophie Robinson, Vivienne Ezzatt, Matthew Swift, Nadiya Johal, Eleri Roberts","doi":"10.15420/aer.2024.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2024.01","url":null,"abstract":"This updated guidance is designed to help with implantation and follow-up with agreed standards of practice. The update includes new guidance on subcutaneous defibrillators, leadless pacemakers and conduction system pacing. It includes new guidance on considerations at the time of a potential box change and techniques to be considered to minimise the risk of infection.","PeriodicalId":505383,"journal":{"name":"Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. A. Jaffery, Lea Melki, Gregory Slabaugh, Wilson W. Good, C. Roney
{"title":"A Review of Personalised Cardiac Computational Modelling Using Electroanatomical Mapping Data","authors":"O. A. Jaffery, Lea Melki, Gregory Slabaugh, Wilson W. Good, C. Roney","doi":"10.15420/aer.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"Computational models of cardiac electrophysiology have gradually matured during the past few decades and are now being personalised to provide patient-specific therapy guidance for improving suboptimal treatment outcomes. The predictive features of these personalised electrophysiology models hold the promise of providing optimal treatment planning, which is currently limited in the clinic owing to reliance on a population-based or average patient approach. The generation of a personalised electrophysiology model entails a sequence of steps for which a range of activation mapping, calibration methods and therapy simulation pipelines have been suggested. However, the optimal methods that can potentially constitute a clinically relevant in silico treatment are still being investigated and face limitations, such as uncertainty of electroanatomical data recordings, generation and calibration of models within clinical timelines and requirements to validate or benchmark the recovered tissue parameters. This paper is aimed at reporting techniques on the personalisation of cardiac computational models, with a focus on calibrating cardiac tissue conductivity based on electroanatomical mapping data.","PeriodicalId":505383,"journal":{"name":"Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review","volume":"25 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maarten Antonius Koole, Sanne de Jong, Barbara J Mulder, B. Bouma, Mark J Schuuring
{"title":"Value of Extended Arrhythmia Screening in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patients","authors":"Maarten Antonius Koole, Sanne de Jong, Barbara J Mulder, B. Bouma, Mark J Schuuring","doi":"10.15420/aer.2023.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2023.28","url":null,"abstract":"The European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease patients recommend screening for arrhythmias and bradycardias in symptomatic patients, often being done by means of an ambulatory 24–48-hour Holter or implantable loop recorder (ILR). However, nowadays non-invasive instruments, such as patches, smartwatches and smartphones based on single-lead ECGs that perform extended monitoring, are also available. The aim of this narrative review was to assess whether these instruments, when they detect arrhythmias and bradycardias in patients with adult congenital heart disease, will lead to meaningful changes in clinical care. Clinically meaningful changes include adjustment of medication, cardioversion, electrophysiology study, ablation or implantation of a cardiovascular implantable electronic device. The following monitoring instruments are discussed: cumulative Holter, 2-week continuous monitor, smartwatch- and smartphone-based single-lead ECG, and ILR. The diagnostic yield of extended rhythm monitoring is high, and varies between 18% (smartphone-based single-lead ECG) and 41% with ILR. In conclusion, contemporary arrhythmia screening includes various new non-invasive technologies that are promising new tools as an alternative to Holter monitoring or ILR. However, the optimal mode of detection is still unclear due to the lack of head-to-head comparisons.","PeriodicalId":505383,"journal":{"name":"Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review","volume":"82 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drug-induced AF: Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms and Management Strategies","authors":"Bingxun Li, Mingjie Lin, Lin Wu","doi":"10.15420/aer.2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"AF is a prevalent condition that is associated with various modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors. Drug-induced AF, despite being commonly under-recognised, can be relatively easy to manage. Numerous cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular agents, including catecholaminergic agents, adenosine, anti-tumour agents and others, have been reported to induce AF. However, the mechanisms underlying drug-induced AF are diverse and not fully understood. The complexity of clinical scenarios and insufficient knowledge regarding drug-induced AF have rendered the management of this condition complicated, and current treatment guidelines follow those for other types of AF. Here, we present a review of the epidemiology of drug-induced AF and highlight a range of drugs that can induce or exacerbate AF, along with their molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms. Given the inadequate evidence and lack of attention, further research is crucial to underscore the clinical significance of drug-induced AF, clarify the underlying mechanisms and develop effective treatment strategies for the condition.","PeriodicalId":505383,"journal":{"name":"Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review","volume":"174 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140746485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remarkable Reviewers in 2023","authors":"D. Katritsis","doi":"10.15420/aer.2024.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2024.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505383,"journal":{"name":"Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review","volume":"20 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Grace, G. Lip, Pier D. Lambiase, Sanjiv M. Narayan, Hugh Calkins, Yutao Guo, Kenneth A Ellenbogen, D. Katritsis
{"title":"What Cannot be Missed: Important Publications on Electrophysiology in 2023","authors":"Andrew Grace, G. Lip, Pier D. Lambiase, Sanjiv M. Narayan, Hugh Calkins, Yutao Guo, Kenneth A Ellenbogen, D. Katritsis","doi":"10.15420/aer.2024.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2024.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505383,"journal":{"name":"Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. C. Diaz, M. Duque, J. Marín, J. Aristizábal, Cesar Niño, Oriana Bastidas, Carlos D. Matos, Carolina Hoyos, Daniela Hincapie, Jorge E Romero
{"title":"Intracardiac Echocardiography-guided Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion","authors":"J. C. Diaz, M. Duque, J. Marín, J. Aristizábal, Cesar Niño, Oriana Bastidas, Carlos D. Matos, Carolina Hoyos, Daniela Hincapie, Jorge E Romero","doi":"10.15420/aer.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a suitable alternative to oral anticoagulant therapy to prevent stroke in patients with AF. Most procedures are performed under transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) guidance, which facilitates transseptal puncture, reduces the risk of procedure-related complications and provides an additional method for device selection and real-time monitoring during device deployment. However, TOE has significant shortcomings, including the need for general anaesthesia/deep sedation as well as a significant risk of procedure-related adverse events. More recently, intracardiac echocardiography has been proposed as an alternative to TOE guidance during LAAO procedures. In this review, we summarise the available evidence as well as providing a step-by-step approach for intracardiac echocardiography-guided LAAO.","PeriodicalId":505383,"journal":{"name":"Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review","volume":"21 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moritz Nies, Keita Watanabe, I. Kawamura, J. Koruth
{"title":"Endocardial Pulsed Field Ablation and the Oesophagus: Are Atrio-oesophageal Fistulas Now History?","authors":"Moritz Nies, Keita Watanabe, I. Kawamura, J. Koruth","doi":"10.15420/aer.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel energy form for the catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias, which uses electrical fields to mediate myocardial death via irreversible electroporation and other modalities. It is believed to offer relative tissue specificity, lowering – or even eliminating – the risk of complications associated with thermal energy, such as atrio-oesophageal fistulas. The proposed superior safety profile compared to thermal ablation has contributed to the enthusiastic implementation of PFA into clinical practice and is supported by early preclinical and clinical data. However, data about the effects of PFA on the oesophagus remain limited. This organ’s susceptibility to PFA has important clinical ramifications and there are two highly relevant questions. First, is the oesophagus absolutely spared by PFA or is there susceptibility to injury at higher field strengths? Second, if oesophageal injury can occur, can atrio-oesophageal fistulas ensue? The aim of this article is to provide a literature review on the effects of PFA on the oesophagus and to address these questions based on the data described.","PeriodicalId":505383,"journal":{"name":"Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review","volume":"42 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tim R Betts, Patrick A Calvert, Lee N Graham, G. Clesham, A. Gunarathne, Brian Clapp, Dhiraj Gupta, Jan Kovac, James D Newton, D. Hildick-Smith
{"title":"Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: British Cardiovascular Intervention Society and British Heart Rhythm Society Position Statement","authors":"Tim R Betts, Patrick A Calvert, Lee N Graham, G. Clesham, A. Gunarathne, Brian Clapp, Dhiraj Gupta, Jan Kovac, James D Newton, D. Hildick-Smith","doi":"10.15420/aer.2024.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2024.08","url":null,"abstract":"Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion aims to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with AF, particularly those who are not good candidates for systemic anticoagulation. The procedure has been studied in large international randomised trials and registries and was approved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in 2014 and by NHS England in 2018. This position statement summarises the evidence for left atrial appendage occlusion and presents the current indications. The options and consensus on best practice for pre-procedure planning, undertaking a safe and effective implant and appropriate post-procedure management and follow-up are described. Standards regarding procedure volume for implant centres and physicians, the role of multidisciplinary teams and audits are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":505383,"journal":{"name":"Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}