Agricultural and Food Science最新文献

Pulp mill sludges as a solution for reducing the risk of mineral nitrogen leaching from agriculture 纸浆厂污泥作为降低农业矿物氮沥滤风险的解决方案

Agricultural and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.23986/afsci.142012

Sari Kinnula, Sanna Kanerva, H. Soinne, Marjaana Toivonen, J. Joona, Antti Tuulos, Tuure Parviainen, Ossi Kinnunen, Jukka Kivelä

{"title":"Pulp mill sludges as a solution for reducing the risk of mineral nitrogen leaching from agriculture","authors":"Sari Kinnula, Sanna Kanerva, H. Soinne, Marjaana Toivonen, J. Joona, Antti Tuulos, Tuure Parviainen, Ossi Kinnunen, Jukka Kivelä","doi":"10.23986/afsci.142012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.142012","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) from agricultural systems contributes to the eutrophication of waterbodies through leaching. Incorporating organic material with a high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, such as mixed pulp mill sludges (PMSs), into the soil in autumn could reduce the amount of leachable N. This study tested the potential of composted and lime-stabilised mixed PMSs (CPMS and LPMS) in reducing the concentration of mineral N in the soil, and thus the risk of N leaching from arable land in the boreal region using a two-year field experiment. To better understand the mechanisms of the PMSs for influencing mineral N concentration in soil, the impact of PMSs with different quality on the reactions of N in the soil was investigated in a laboratory incubation study. In the field experiment, nitrate-N (NO3--N) concentration was lower with PMSs compared to mineral fertilisation and the control during the first autumn and the following spring after PMS application. The undersowing of Italian ryegrass reduced the NO3--N concentration in the soil during the first autumn. In the incubation experiment, PMSs reduced the soil ammonium-N (NH4+-N) concentration at the beginning of the experiment and the soil NO3--N concentration throughout the experiment compared to a mineral fertiliser treatment and an organic fertiliser. Increased soil respiration in PMS-treated soils indicated increase in microbial activity, and thus immobilisation of soil NO3--N and NH4+-N due to PMSs addition. These results suggest that PMSs have the potential to reduce N leaching from agricultural soils. However, the immobilisation of N must be considered when planning the nutrient requirements of the following crops.","PeriodicalId":505227,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"3 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nitrogen Intensity, Gross Margin, and Land Use Occupation between Comparable Conventional and Organic Managed Dairy Farms 同类传统奶牛场和有机管理奶牛场的温室气体排放、氮强度、毛利率和土地使用占用情况比较

Agricultural and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.23986/afsci.137608

Kristian Hansen, M. Koesling, H. Steinshamn, Bjørn Gunnar Hansen, Tomm Dalgaard, Sissel Hansen

{"title":"Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nitrogen Intensity, Gross Margin, and Land Use Occupation between Comparable Conventional and Organic Managed Dairy Farms","authors":"Kristian Hansen, M. Koesling, H. Steinshamn, Bjørn Gunnar Hansen, Tomm Dalgaard, Sissel Hansen","doi":"10.23986/afsci.137608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.137608","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 200 Norwegian dairy farms were analyzed over three years to compare greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen (N) intensity, gross margin, and land use occupation between organically and conventionally managed farms. Conventionally managed farm groups were constructed based on propensity matching, selecting the closest counterparts to organically managed farms (n=15). These groups, each containing 15 farms, were differentiated by an increasing number of matching variables. The first group was matched based on geographical location, milk quota, and milking cow units. In the second match, the proportion of milking cows in the total cattle herd was added, and in the third, the ratio of milk delivered to milk produced and concentrate usage per dairy cow were included. The analysis showed that the conventionally managed farms (n=185) had higher greenhouse gas emissions (1.42 vs 0.98 kg CO2 per 2.78 MJ of edible energy from milk and meat, calculated as GWP100-AR4) and higher N intensity (6.9 vs 5.0 kg N input per kg N output) compared to the organic farms (N=15). When comparing emissions per kg of energy-corrected milk (ECM) delivered, conventional farms also emitted more CO2 (1.07 vs 0.8 kg CO2 per kg ECM). Furthermore, conventionally managed farms showed lower gross margins both in terms of NOK per 2.78 MJ edible energy delivered (5.8 vs 6.5 NOK) and per milking cow unit (30 100 vs 34 400 NOK), and they used less land (2.9 vs 3.6 m² per 2.78 MJ edible energy delivered) compared to organic farms. No differences were observed among the three conventionally managed groups in terms of emissions, N intensity, land use occupation, and gross margin.","PeriodicalId":505227,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140681487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of relative humidity and the use of algae-based biostimulants on fruit set, yield and fruit size of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) arcticus) 相对湿度和使用藻类生物刺激剂对北极莓（Rubus arcticus）坐果率、产量和果实大小的影响）

Agricultural and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.23986/afsci.137721

Tero Tommila, P. Palonen

{"title":"The effect of relative humidity and the use of algae-based biostimulants on fruit set, yield and fruit size of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) arcticus)","authors":"Tero Tommila, P. Palonen","doi":"10.23986/afsci.137721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.137721","url":null,"abstract":"Arctic bramble is a niche berry crop with highly variable yield and fruit quality, often limited by low fruit set and incomplete fruit development. In this study, we investigated the effects of relative humidity (RH) and algae-based biostimulants on fruit set, yield, fruit weight and the number of drupelets per fruit. In Experiment 1, arctic bramble cvs. ‘Alli’ and ‘Mesma’ were grown in a greenhouse in 40, 60 or 80% RH and pollinated by bumblebees. In Experiments 2 and 3, commercial biostimulant products Kelpak, Cremalga, Kriss and Alginamin were tested on cv. ‘Alli’ in a greenhouse, and an open high tunnel. Fruit set and yield were strongly affected by RH, being highest in either 40% RH for cv. ‘Mesma’ or 60% RH for cv. ‘Alli’, reduced by nearly 50% in 80% RH. Kriss and Alginamin increased fruit weight by as much as 18% but there was no effect on total yield. We conclude that control of relative humidity in greenhouse cultivation, especially to avoid very high RH conditions, can be highly beneficial for arctic bramble, and that algae-based biostimulants show potential to improve fruit weight.","PeriodicalId":505227,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Root growth dynamics and biomass input of four over-wintering herbaceous crops in boreal conditions 北方条件下四种越冬草本作物的根系生长动态和生物量输入

Agricultural and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.23986/afsci.125767

L. Alakukku, P. Virkajärvi, Sanna Kykkänen, L. Pietola

{"title":"Root growth dynamics and biomass input of four over-wintering herbaceous crops in boreal conditions","authors":"L. Alakukku, P. Virkajärvi, Sanna Kykkänen, L. Pietola","doi":"10.23986/afsci.125767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.125767","url":null,"abstract":"Root growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) was recorded to evaluate the environmental potential of over-wintering crops in a Nordic agroecosystem. In a field experiment on Aquic Haplocryoll soil, root intensities (number of roots/area) were measured to 50 cm depth by minirhizotron microvideo camera technology over a two -year period (21 recording sessions). At anthesis, root biomass and morphological parameters were measured by destructive soil sampling and image analysis of washed roots. Winter cereal roots reached 50 cm depth as soon as the autumn of the seeding year. For both post-seeding years, timothy roots developed the most intensively in spring, while red clover had higher root intensity than timothy in late autumn. At anthesis, the crops were ranked timothy > red clover > winter wheat > winter rye according to root length density, surface area density, and biomass. Based on S:R ratios, red clover appears to offer the most intense carbon sink at 0–60 cm soil depth. Over-wintering crops had living roots in the subsoil both in late autumn and early spring, indicating potential to plant available nutrient uptake outside the growing season of annual crops.","PeriodicalId":505227,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nitrogen Enriched Organic fertilizer (NEO) elevates nitrification rates shortly after application but has no lasting effect on nitrification in agricultural soils 富氮有机肥 (NEO) 在施用后短期内可提高硝化率，但对农业土壤中的硝化没有持久影响

Agricultural and Food Science Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.23986/afsci.131722

H. Mousavi, S. Solberg, Thomas Cottis

{"title":"Nitrogen Enriched Organic fertilizer (NEO) elevates nitrification rates shortly after application but has no lasting effect on nitrification in agricultural soils","authors":"H. Mousavi, S. Solberg, Thomas Cottis","doi":"10.23986/afsci.131722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.131722","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst population growth, escalating food costs, limited arable land, and farmland degradation, the adoption of innovative technologies—like organic waste recycling and nutrient recovery—is crucial for enhancing the resilience of global agri-food systems. Nitrogen-Enriched Organic fertilizer (NEO) is produced using a new method, where dinitrogen (N2) is captured from the air through a plasma process and mixed with slurries or digestates as nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-). This process leads to solid slurry acidification and a high NO2- content, potentially yielding toxic inorganic or organic N compounds. This study investigated the impact of NEO derived from cattle slurry and biogas digestate on soil nitrification—conversion of NH4+ to NO2- and NO3- by aerobic autotrophic bacteria and archaea. We investigated and compared the potential nitrification rates in soil samples from two agricultural trials (cereal and grass) treated with NEO and other fertilizers after two consecutive fertilization years. Additionally, we examined the immediate nitrification response to NEO through 73-hour soil incubations. Our results revealed that NEO significantly stimulated nitrification rates in agitated soil slurries, regardless of the feedstock used, surpassing rates observed in ammonium controls. Similarly, this pattern was also observed in loosely placed soil samples, with high nitrification rates occurring with NEO and ammonium chloride. Interestingly, the differences in nitrification rates between field-fertilized soil samples were minimal and inconsequential, suggesting that while NEO exhibits a rapid boost in nitrification rates shortly after application, this effect is not sustained ≈ six months after fertilization under field conditions. Consequently, NEO indicates its potential as an environmentally benign fertilizer without adversely affecting soil nitrification.","PeriodicalId":505227,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0