Anatomia Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.3390/anatomia3020008

K. Glenske, A. Eldaey, Stephanie Schaalo, S. Arnhold, Christian Heiss, Reiner Schnettler, S. Wenisch, M. Elashry

{"title":"Morphological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Bone Structure and Cell–Cell Communication in a Rat Osteoporosis Model","authors":"K. Glenske, A. Eldaey, Stephanie Schaalo, S. Arnhold, Christian Heiss, Reiner Schnettler, S. Wenisch, M. Elashry","doi":"10.3390/anatomia3020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/anatomia3020008","url":null,"abstract":"Bone remodeling is essential for maintaining bone health. The imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption leads to bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Connexin43 (Cx43) is a gap junction molecule that plays an important role in bone homeostasis. The present study investigates the morphological characteristics of bone trabeculae and the distribution of Cx43 in bone cells using osteoporotic rat models to explore the relationship between osteoporosis and bone remodeling. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham, ovarectomy with food deprivation (OVX+diet), and ovarectomy with steroid administration (OVX+steroid) for 3 and 12 months to induce osteoporosis. The lumbar vertebrae were processed for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation of the trabeculae and the distribution of Cx43 in bone cells. The data showed a significant reduction in trabecular bone in both osteoporotic groups. After 12 months, the OVX+diet treatment resulted in reduced mineralization and an increase in unmineralized bone. The percentage of alkaline phosphatase-positive areas in the OVX+diet vertebrae was lower at 12 months compared to the sham group. A significant increase in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclasts was observed in the OVX+diet group. Both osteoporotic groups showed a decrease in Cx43-positive osteoblasts areas. An increase in the number of osteoclasts positive for Cx43 was detected in the OVX+diet group. The changes in Cx43 distribution in bone cells, together with trabecular mineralization, suggest that Cx43 may play a role in the progression of osteoporosis and could be a valuable target to improve bone remodeling.","PeriodicalId":504700,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytoarchitectonic Analysis and 3D Maps of the Mesial Piriform Region in the Human Brain 人脑中侧梨状区域的细胞结构分析和三维地图

Anatomia Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.3390/anatomia3020007

Olga Kedo, S. Bludau, Christian Schiffer, H. Mohlberg, Timo Dickscheid, K. Amunts

{"title":"Cytoarchitectonic Analysis and 3D Maps of the Mesial Piriform Region in the Human Brain","authors":"Olga Kedo, S. Bludau, Christian Schiffer, H. Mohlberg, Timo Dickscheid, K. Amunts","doi":"10.3390/anatomia3020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/anatomia3020007","url":null,"abstract":"The mesial piriform region plays a central role in olfaction. Its small size and complex geometry, however, make it a difficult target in functional neuroimaging studies, while histological maps often represent schematic drawings, which are not compatible with requirements for modern imaging. To bridge this gap, cytoarchitectonic analysis and mapping of the region was performed in serial histological sections over their full extent in 10 postmortem brains. The temporobasal areas PirTBd and PirTBv and temporal areas PirTu and PirTit were identified and analyzed. Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps of the piriform areas in MNI reference space and high-resolution maps of the amygdala-piriform region on the BigBrain model were calculated as part of the Julich-Brain. Differences in the cytoarchitectonic “texture” of the region were quantified based on the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix. Results showed that allocortical areas were not consistently associated with the rostral Limen insulae, although it was often suggested as a landmark in neuroimaging protocols. PirTu was associated with the uncal tip. PirTit was the largest area, reaching to the temporal pole, with a “temporal” (caudal) and a “temporopolar” (rostral) part having complex neighborhood relationships. The probabilistic maps reflect interindividual variability; they are openly available via the digital EBRAINS platform to serve as an anatomical reference for studies related to olfaction.","PeriodicalId":504700,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of the Lassa Virus in a Group of Odontogenic Bone Tumor Tissues 在一组牙源性骨肿瘤组织中检测到拉沙病毒

Anatomia Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.3390/anatomia3020006

M. de Feo, Frédéric Dilu Tamba, Anguy Makaka Mutondo, Gracia Kashitu Mujinga, Opiyo Stephen Odong, Chiara Castellani, Luca Pavesi, Patrick I. Mpingabo, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Silvia Di Agostino

{"title":"Detection of the Lassa Virus in a Group of Odontogenic Bone Tumor Tissues","authors":"M. de Feo, Frédéric Dilu Tamba, Anguy Makaka Mutondo, Gracia Kashitu Mujinga, Opiyo Stephen Odong, Chiara Castellani, Luca Pavesi, Patrick I. Mpingabo, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Silvia Di Agostino","doi":"10.3390/anatomia3020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/anatomia3020006","url":null,"abstract":"Odontogenic bone tumor (OT) is a rare pathology in the world, but it is very common in developing countries; its etiology is still unknown, and it causes serious deformities of the mandible and maxilla if it is not operated upon soon. Lassa virus (LASV) belongs to the Arenaviridae family, and its reservoir is a rodent of the genus Mastomys. The transmission of the LASV to humans can occur through ingestion or inhalation by contact with dirty objects, the consumption of contaminated food, or exposure to wounds, as rodents shed the virus in their urine and excrement. In this observational study, we aim to evaluate the presence of LASV in OT patient tissues collected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For this purpose, a group of nine patients affected by OT were enrolled, and the tissues derived from the surgery were collected. In total, 81.5% of the tissues were positive for LASV presence. Interestingly, we found that not only was the tumor LASV-positive, but in some cases, the bone was close to the tumor and the oral mucosa lining. These preliminary data could suggest the hypothesis that LASV may be involved with the onset of OT.","PeriodicalId":504700,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"77 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Source of Melanocytes in Ortho- and Heterotopic Tail Regenerates of Axolotls and the Dependence of the Regenerative Response on the Presence of Neural Tissue 疣鼻天鹅正位和异位尾部再生细胞中黑色素细胞的来源以及再生反应对神经组织存在的依赖性

Anatomia Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.3390/anatomia3010004

Günter Clemen, U. Kierdorf, Michael Hermes, H. Kierdorf

{"title":"The Source of Melanocytes in Ortho- and Heterotopic Tail Regenerates of Axolotls and the Dependence of the Regenerative Response on the Presence of Neural Tissue","authors":"Günter Clemen, U. Kierdorf, Michael Hermes, H. Kierdorf","doi":"10.3390/anatomia3010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/anatomia3010004","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the regeneration of orthotopic and heterotopic tails in larval axolotls. First, we analyzed tail regeneration following reciprocal exchange of cuffs of tail integument between dark-colored (wild-type) and yellow-colored (hybrid) larval animals. Second, we studied tail regeneration in larval axolotls following transplantation of cuffs of tail integument from metamorphosed dark-colored conspecifics and from an adult fire salamander. In all cases, the amputation planes involved the transplanted integumental cuffs. In the first experiment, the regenerated tails showed the color of the host animals, not that of the transplanted cuffs. This suggests that the melanocytes of the regenerated tails were derived from the host hypodermis. Following transplantation of metamorphosed skin from axolotls and a fire salamander onto larval axolotls, the metamorphosed epidermis reverted to a larval condition. This indicates that the state of differentiation of the metamorphosed epidermis was not permanent. Rather, in order to maintain the metamorphosed epidermal structure, a continuous exposure of the animals to sufficient levels of thyroid hormones was required. Transplantation of tail buds from yellow-colored onto dark-colored axolotl embryos caused the formation of yellow-colored tails both in the head and the anterior limb region of the hosts. Incomplete resection of these heterotopic tails was followed by tail regeneration, while no tail regeneration occurred following complete resection of the heterotopic tails. Successful tail regeneration depended on the presence of neural tissue along the resection plane.","PeriodicalId":504700,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"73 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Independent C1 Nerve Root Variant of the Ansa Cervicalis: A Case Report 独立的 C1 神经根颈椎安氏变异：病例报告

Anatomia Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.3390/anatomia3010002

Eric M. Lassiter, Julia M Keating, Kristina Tarter, Kylie Saxton, Sanjana Yerubandi, Safa Habib, Brianna Bailey, Adel Maklad

{"title":"An Independent C1 Nerve Root Variant of the Ansa Cervicalis: A Case Report","authors":"Eric M. Lassiter, Julia M Keating, Kristina Tarter, Kylie Saxton, Sanjana Yerubandi, Safa Habib, Brianna Bailey, Adel Maklad","doi":"10.3390/anatomia3010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/anatomia3010002","url":null,"abstract":"The ansa cervicalis (AC) is a neural loop within the carotid triangle of the anterior neck. The loop is traditionally formed by nerve roots C1–C3 of the cervical plexus and extends multiple motor branches. The current case was discovered during a routine dissection as an anatomical variation of the right AC in an 86-year-old Caucasian male cadaver. In this variation, the C1 nerve root did not form the typical loop with the C2 and C3 nerve roots, but instead, remained independent, traveling deep to the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle to supply the sternothyroid muscle. Because no loop was formed, the anatomy of the current case was not an ansa according to the Latin origin of the word, meaning handle or loop. The AC is an important anatomical landmark within the neck and is implicated in laryngeal reinnervation and respiratory nerve stimulation for patients with sleep apnea. The current anatomical variant contributes to a relatively limited catalog of identified anomalies. Knowledge of new AC variations can guide future surgical interventions and further develop the current base of knowledge surrounding the neuromuscular structures of the head and neck.","PeriodicalId":504700,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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