Exploration Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20240004

Heng Guo, Linlin Shi, Zengliang Shi, Yue He, Yizhi Zhu

{"title":"Direct synthesis of high quantum yield lead‐free CsCu2I3 powder in water and its application in yellow LED","authors":"Heng Guo, Linlin Shi, Zengliang Shi, Yue He, Yizhi Zhu","doi":"10.1002/exp.20240004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/exp.20240004","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with a wavelength of 570–590 nm can reduce the excitability of peripheral nerves and the sensitivity of the skin, stimulate collagen synthesis, and tighten the skin, which plays an important role in skin rejuvenation. In general, commercial LEDs are made of phosphor excited by ultraviolet chips. It is very important for the development of yellow light emitters with high luminous efficiency, good stability, and environmental protection. For the first time, a simple organic structural unit (2‐methylimidazole, 2‐MIM) was used to collect a mixture of two metal precursors (CsI and CuI) and successfully synthesized an all‐inorganic lead‐free yellow light CsCu2I3 powder in water. The prepared CsCu2I3 powder exhibited excellent optical properties and considerable stability. Finally, a phosphor‐converted LED (pc‐LED) device was fabricated via the CsCu2I3 phosphor coated on a 310 nm ultraviolet chip. The pc‐LED device's electroluminescence spectra may be a good fit for the blood's absorption regions. Therefore, this work provides a facile method for the synthesis of novel lead‐free metal halide CsCu2I3 powder in eco‐friendly solvents. In addition, the stable and efficient CsCu2I3 powder shows promising exciting potential applications in photoluminescence and phototherapy fields.","PeriodicalId":503118,"journal":{"name":"Exploration","volume":" 74","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antigen/adjuvant‐free liposome induces adjuvant effects for enhancing cancer immunotherapy 不含抗原/佐剂的脂质体诱导增强癌症免疫疗法的佐剂效应

Exploration Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230115

Qianqian Guo, Xiaoxuan Xu, Xiaojiang Lai, Jialin Duan, Dan Yan, Dangge Wang

{"title":"Antigen/adjuvant‐free liposome induces adjuvant effects for enhancing cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Qianqian Guo, Xiaoxuan Xu, Xiaojiang Lai, Jialin Duan, Dan Yan, Dangge Wang","doi":"10.1002/exp.20230115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/exp.20230115","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer vaccines are promising to treat malignancy by delivering antigens and adjuvants to elicit host immunity. Beyond aluminum adjuvants, liposomes show efficient adjuvant effects through regulating the accumulation, internalization and release of payloads. However, it remains unknown that whether the liposome will perform intrinsic adjuvant effects in the absence of antigens and adjuvants. Herein, a library of antigen/adjuvant‐free liposomes with variable surface charges has been developed and it has been found that highly anionic liposomes show promising adjuvant effects for boosting immune responses. The anionic liposome mobilizes the MyD88 pathways of dendritic cells (DCs) to activate T helper cells and CD8+ T cells. The anionic liposomes enhance host immunity by regulating the population of Th1, Th2 and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and boost adaptive CD8+ T cells in lymphoid organs with good biosafety. It shows the most efficient protection against MC38 colorectal cancer in mice after a parallel injection of antigens and anionic liposomes. Overall, this study reveals that the surface charge of liposome affects its adjuvant efficiency and provides an anionic nanosized adjuvant formulation for enhancing immunization.","PeriodicalId":503118,"journal":{"name":"Exploration","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drug delivery pathways to the central nervous system via the brain glymphatic system circumventing the blood‐brain barrier 通过脑甘油系统绕过血脑屏障进入中枢神经系统的给药途径

Exploration Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20240036

Xiang Wang, Yue Yin, Huaijuan Zhou, Bowen Chi, Ling Guan, Pei Li, Jinhua Li, Yilong Wang

引用次数: 0

Well‐defined nanostructures of high entropy alloys for electrocatalysis 用于电催化的定义明确的高熵合金纳米结构

Exploration Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230036

Jie Chen, Liping Ren, Xin Chen, Qi Wang, Chunying Chen, Jinpeng Fan, Shuai Wang, Vasileios Binas, Shaohua Shen

{"title":"Well‐defined nanostructures of high entropy alloys for electrocatalysis","authors":"Jie Chen, Liping Ren, Xin Chen, Qi Wang, Chunying Chen, Jinpeng Fan, Shuai Wang, Vasileios Binas, Shaohua Shen","doi":"10.1002/exp.20230036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/exp.20230036","url":null,"abstract":"High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted significant attention for electrocatalytic energy conversion by virtue of their promisingly high efficiency, stability, and low cost. Recently, encouraging progress has been made in tuning the structure and composition of HEAs used in electrolyzers and fuel cells. However, the understanding on the synthetic methods and the structure‐property‐performance relationship of well‐defined HEAs nanostructures is still inadequate. To gain insight into the future research directions on HEAs for electrocatalysis, in this paper, the synthetic methods commonly used to obtain well‐defined HEAs nanostructures (0D nanoparticles, 1D nanowires, 2D nanosheets/nanoplates, 3D nanoporous structures, and other three‐dimensional morphologies) are first summarized. Then, the authors discuss the application of well‐defined HEAs nanostructures in several typical electrocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, alcohol oxidation reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and formic acid oxidation reaction. Finally, a practical perspective on the future research directions on well‐defined HEAs nanostructured electrocatalysts is provided.","PeriodicalId":503118,"journal":{"name":"Exploration","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bio‐inspired hierarchical bamboo‐based air filters for efficient removal of particulate matter and toxic gases 基于竹子的生物启发分层空气过滤器，可高效去除颗粒物和有毒气体

Exploration Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20240012

Qi Gao, Jian Gan, Pixiang Wang, Yuxiang Huang, Daihui Zhang, Wenji Yu

{"title":"Bio‐inspired hierarchical bamboo‐based air filters for efficient removal of particulate matter and toxic gases","authors":"Qi Gao, Jian Gan, Pixiang Wang, Yuxiang Huang, Daihui Zhang, Wenji Yu","doi":"10.1002/exp.20240012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/exp.20240012","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is caused by the perilous accumulation of particulate matter (PM) and harmful gas molecules of different sizes. There is an urgent need to develop highly efficient air filtration systems capable of removing particles with a wide size distribution. However, the efficiency of current air filters is compromised by controlling their hierarchical pore size. Inspired by the graded filtration mechanisms in the human respiratory system, microporous ZIF‐67 is in situ synthesized on a 3D interconnected network of bamboo cellulose fibers (BCFs) to fabricate a multiscale porous filter with a comprehensive pore size distribution. The macropores between the BCFs, mesopores formed by the BCF microfibers, and micropores within the ZIF‐67 synergistically facilitate the removal of particulates of different sizes. The filtration capabilities of PM2.5 and PM0.3 could reach 99.3% and 98.6%, respectively, whereas the adsorption of formaldehyde is 88.7% within 30 min. In addition, the filter exhibits excellent antibacterial properties (99.9%), biodegradability (80.1% degradation after 14 days), thermal stability, and skin‐friendly properties (0 irritation). This study may inspire the research of using natural features of renewable resources to design high‐performance air‐filtration materials for various applications.","PeriodicalId":503118,"journal":{"name":"Exploration","volume":" June","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced electrocatalysts for fuel cells: Evolution of active sites and synergistic properties of catalysts and carrier materials 燃料电池的先进电催化剂：催化剂和载体材料活性位点的演变及协同特性

Exploration Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230052

Zhijie Kong, Jingcheng Wu, Zhijuan Liu, Dafeng Yan, Zhi-Peng Wu, Chuan‐Jian Zhong

{"title":"Advanced electrocatalysts for fuel cells: Evolution of active sites and synergistic properties of catalysts and carrier materials","authors":"Zhijie Kong, Jingcheng Wu, Zhijuan Liu, Dafeng Yan, Zhi-Peng Wu, Chuan‐Jian Zhong","doi":"10.1002/exp.20230052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/exp.20230052","url":null,"abstract":"Proton exchange‐membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a clean and efficient type of energy storage device. However, the sluggish reaction rate of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been a significant problem in its development. This review reports the recent progress of advanced electrocatalysts focusing on the interface/surface electronic structure and exploring the synergistic relationship of precious‐based and non‐precious metal‐based catalysts and support materials. The support materials contain non‐metal (C/N/Si, etc.) and metal‐based structures, which have demonstrated a crucial role in the synergistic enhancement of electrocatalytic properties, especially for high‐temperature fuel cell systems. To improve the strong interaction, some exciting synergistic strategies by doping and coating heterogeneous elements or connecting polymeric ligands containing carbon and nitrogen were also shown herein. Besides the typical role of the crystal surface, phase structure, lattice strain, etc., the evolution of structure‐performance relations was also highlighted in real‐time tests. The advanced in situ characterization techniques were also reviewed to emphasize the accurate structure‐performance relations. Finally, the challenge and prospect for developing the ORR electrocatalysts were concluded for commercial applications in low‐ and high‐temperature fuel cell systems.","PeriodicalId":503118,"journal":{"name":"Exploration","volume":"121 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cascade loop of ferroptosis induction and immunotherapy based on metal‐phenolic networks for combined therapy of colorectal cancer 基于金属酚网络的铁蛋白诱导和免疫疗法级联循环，用于结直肠癌的联合治疗

Exploration Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230117

Yuwei Li, Yuxi Duan, Yunyi Li, Yuan Gu, Lu Zhou, Zhongting Xiao, Xinying Yu, Yanjun Cai, Erzhuo Cheng, Qianqian Liu, Yong Jiang, Quan Yang, Feng Zhang, Qi Lei, Bin Yang

{"title":"Cascade loop of ferroptosis induction and immunotherapy based on metal‐phenolic networks for combined therapy of colorectal cancer","authors":"Yuwei Li, Yuxi Duan, Yunyi Li, Yuan Gu, Lu Zhou, Zhongting Xiao, Xinying Yu, Yanjun Cai, Erzhuo Cheng, Qianqian Liu, Yong Jiang, Quan Yang, Feng Zhang, Qi Lei, Bin Yang","doi":"10.1002/exp.20230117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/exp.20230117","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer immunotherapy is the most promising method for tumor therapy, while ferroptosis could activate the immunogenicity of cancer and strengthen the cellular immune response. However, limited by the complex tumor microenvironment, the abundant glutathione (GSH) and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) seriously weaken ferroptosis and the immune response. Herein, the authors report photothermal metal‐phenolic networks (MPNs) supplied with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) by reducing levels of GSH and then trapping the tumor cells in the ferroptosis and immunotherapy cascade loop to eliminate colorectal cancer (CRC). The MPNs coated with the model antigen ovalbumin can accumulate at the tumor site, mediate immunogenic cell death (ICD) under NIR irradiation, and initiate tumoricidal immunity. Then the activated CD8+ T cells would release IFN‐γ to inhibit GPX4 and promote the immunogenic ferroptosis induced by Fe3+ and BSO. Finally, the tumor cells at intertumoral and intratumoral levels would be involved in the ferroptosis‐dominated cancer‐immunity circle for CRC eradication, resulting in outstanding therapeutic outcomes in both primary and distant tumor models. Overall, this strategy employs a photothermal nanoplatform to rapidly stimulate ICD and restrain the oxidation defense system, which provides a promising approach to significantly amplify the “cascade loop” of ferroptosis induction and immunotherapy for treatment of CRC.","PeriodicalId":503118,"journal":{"name":"Exploration","volume":"114 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oxide semiconductor based deep‐subthreshold operated read‐out electronics for all‐printed smart sensor patches 用于全印刷智能传感器贴片的基于氧化物半导体的深亚阈值操作读出电子器件

Exploration Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230167

J. R. Pradhan, Sushree Sangita Priyadarsini, Sanjana R. Nibgoor, Manvendra Singh, S. Dasgupta

{"title":"Oxide semiconductor based deep‐subthreshold operated read‐out electronics for all‐printed smart sensor patches","authors":"J. R. Pradhan, Sushree Sangita Priyadarsini, Sanjana R. Nibgoor, Manvendra Singh, S. Dasgupta","doi":"10.1002/exp.20230167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/exp.20230167","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to fabricate an entire smart sensor patch with read‐out electronics using commercial printing techniques may have a wide range of potential applications. Although solution‐processed oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) are capable of providing high mobility electron transport, resulting in large ON‐state current and power output, there is hardly any literature report that uses the printed oxide TFTs at the sensor interfaces. Here, printed amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (a‐IGZO)‐based deep‐subthreshold operated TFTs that comprise signal amplifiers and analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs) that can successfully digitalize the analog sensor signals up to a frequency range of 1 kHz are reported. In addition, exploiting the high current oxide TFTs, a current drive circuit placed after the ADC unit has been found useful in producing easy‐to‐detect visual recognition of the sensor signal at a predefined threshold crossover. Notably, the entire smart sensor patch is demonstrated to operate at a low supply voltage of ≤2 V, thereby ensuring that it can be an on‐chip energy source compatible and standalone detection unit.","PeriodicalId":503118,"journal":{"name":"Exploration","volume":"45 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering: A review of decellularized extracellular matrix applications and innovations 用于组织工程的生物活性支架：脱细胞细胞外基质应用与创新综述

Exploration Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230078

Juan Liu, Qingru Song, Wenzhen Yin, Chen Li, Ni An, Yinpeng Le, Qi Wang, Yutian Feng, Yuelei Hu, Yunfang Wang

引用次数: 0

Jellyfish stings‐induced cardiac failure was ameliorated through AAG‐mediated glycogen‐driven ATP production 水母蜇伤诱发的心力衰竭可通过 AAG 介导的糖原驱动 ATP 生成得到改善

Exploration Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230089

Zhen Qin, Jinhong Chen, Fang Liu, Bingbing Li, Chenchen Zhang, Xiuxiu Wang, Lin Liu, Mingke Wang, Tingfang Wang, Su Wang, Feifei Yu, Shifeng Wang, Jishun Yang

{"title":"Jellyfish stings‐induced cardiac failure was ameliorated through AAG‐mediated glycogen‐driven ATP production","authors":"Zhen Qin, Jinhong Chen, Fang Liu, Bingbing Li, Chenchen Zhang, Xiuxiu Wang, Lin Liu, Mingke Wang, Tingfang Wang, Su Wang, Feifei Yu, Shifeng Wang, Jishun Yang","doi":"10.1002/exp.20230089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/exp.20230089","url":null,"abstract":"Jellyfish stings have become a common injury among fishermen and divers. Severe jellyfish stings could worsen cardiac function and even cause cardiac complications, ultimately leading to cardiac failure (CF). Currently, there are no effective drugs available. Single cell sequencing revealed alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein (AAG), an energy regulatory protein targeting to glycogen, was highly expressed in jellyfish stings‐induced CF patients. However, the mechanism remains elusive. It is postulated that AAG could increase glycogen metabolism, protecting against jellyfish stings‐induced CF. AAG deletion exacerbated CF, while exogenous and endogenous AAG ameliorated CF. AAG also rescued the decline triggered by the AAG knockout (KO). Intriguingly, AAG improved cardiac function and metabolic adaptation by glycogen‐driven ATP production, shifting mitochondrial/glycolytic ATP production towards glycolysis. Sorted by single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcription technology, CC‐chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator‐1alpha (PGC‐1α) were differentially expressed. Mechanistically, CCR5 inhibitor MVC abolished AAG's protective effect and PGC‐1α overexpression. Collectively, jellyfish stings‐induced CF was ameliorated through AAG‐mediated glycogen‐driven ATP production, promoting glycolytic/mitochondrial metabolic switches to rely energetically primarily on glycolysis, which might serve as a therapeutic target of CF.","PeriodicalId":503118,"journal":{"name":"Exploration","volume":"1044 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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