Cryptogamie, Mycologie最新文献

{"title":"Concentration Data of (+)-Usnic Acid Enantiomer from Some European and African Samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, Lichenised Ascomycota) – Results of a Preliminary Study","authors":"Edit Farkas, P. Kirika, Krisztina Szabó, A. M. Muhoro","doi":"10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2024v45a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2024v45a7","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The usnic acid, cortical pigment, is generally known to protect lichens from extreme radiation. According to earlier studies, the parmelioid lichen Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale contains (+)-usnic acid. Since the production of lichen secondary metabolites – like other physiological activities – is influenced by environmental conditions, we assumed that macroclimatic differences in temperature, radiation and humidity in European and African habitats resulted in differences in the concentrations measured in samples of this species from various geographical areas. Therefore, we analysed samples representing populations in Hungary (17), Serbia (three), Kenya (eight) and Tanzania (two). Using a chiral chromatographic method, the presence of (+)-usnic acid was confirmed in thirteen of the aforementioned specimens, with concentrations ranging from 5.08 to 26.43 mg g–1 in European samples (12) and 20.27 mg g–1 in a sample from Kenya. The usnic acid content (mg g–1 dry weight) was measured by HPLC-PDA. The content of usnic acid shows a substantial variation in both continents, ranging from 5.21 to 19.23 mg g–1 in Europe and from 6.15 to 23.54 mg g–1 in Africa. The comparison between continents did not result in significant differences. This result can be explained by the supposedly similar microclimatic conditions of the habitats (within macroclimatically different sites) that are probably consistent with the specific niche requirements of F. caperata. RÉSUMÉ Concentration de l'énantiomère de l'acide (+)-usnique dans des échantillons européens et africains de Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota lichénisé) – résultats d'une étude préliminaire. L'acide usnique, pigment cortical, est généralement connu pour protéger les lichens des radiations extrêmes. Selon des études antérieures, le lichen parmélioïde Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale contient de l'acide (+)-usnique. Étant donné que la production de métabolites secondaires du lichen – tout comme d'autres activités physiologiques – est influencée par les conditions environnementales, nous avons supposé que la température, le rayonnement et l'humidité macroclimatiquement différents dans les habitats européens et africains entraînaient des écarts de teneurs dans les échantillons de cette espèce en provenance de diverses zones géographiques. Par conséquent, nous avons analysé des échantillons collectés dans des populations en Hongrie (17), en Serbie (trois), au Kenya (huit) et en Tanzanie (deux). En utilisant une méthode de chromatographie chirale, la présence d'acide (+)-usnique a été confirmée dans treize des échantillons susmentionnés avec une concentration allant de 5,08 à 26,43 mg g–1 dans des échantillons européens (12) et 20,27 mg g–1 dans un échantillon du Kenya. Cette teneur (mg g–1 poids sec) a été mesurée par HPLC-PDA. La teneur en acide usnique montre une variation substantielle dans les deux continents, allant de 5,21 à 19,23 mg g–1 en Europe et de 6,15 à 23,54 mg","PeriodicalId":502425,"journal":{"name":"Cryptogamie, Mycologie","volume":"8 1","pages":"71 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Records of Polymeridium (MüLl.Arg.) R.C.Harris from Brazil with Description of a New Species from the Caatinga, and a Checklist of the Brazilian Species","authors":"Bruno Micael Cardoso Barbosa, Lidiane Alves dos Santos, Isaías de Oliveira Junior, Dayane de Oliveira Lima, André Aptroot, M. Cáceres","doi":"10.5252/cryptogamiemycologie2024v45a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamiemycologie2024v45a4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":502425,"journal":{"name":"Cryptogamie, Mycologie","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two New Freshwater Hyphomycetous Species of Sporoschisma Berk. & Broome (Chaetosphaeriales) from Tibetan Plateau, China","authors":"Rong-Ju Xu, De-Qun Zhou, Zhu-Liang Yang, Ying Li, Qi Zhao","doi":"10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2024v45a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2024v45a3","url":null,"abstract":"freshwater","PeriodicalId":502425,"journal":{"name":"Cryptogamie, Mycologie","volume":"93 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Podospora anserina (Rabenh.) Niessl Peroxidase Gene Family","authors":"R. Ferrari, Valérie Gautier, N. Tangthirasunun, Laetitia Chan Ho Tong, Philippe Silar","doi":"10.5252/cryptogamiemycologie2024v45a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamiemycologie2024v45a2","url":null,"abstract":"Major role of peroxidases in plant biomass degradation is well-established in the white rot basidiomycetes. On the contrary, peroxidases are not used for this purpose by brown rot basidiomycetes, which use instead a non-enzymatic mechanism. In the case of the ascomycetes, not much is known although these fungi have peroxidase genes. Here, we identify and characterize the peroxidase genes of Podospora anserina (Rabenh.) Niessl, an ascomycete used to study development and lignocellulose degradation. We show that this fungus has one class II peroxidase, one hybrid B peroxidase, one haloperoxidase, four functional aromatic peroxygenases, one glutathione peroxidase, one cytochrome C peroxidase and one alkyl peroxidase, but lacks a dye peroxidase. We show that potentially secreted peroxidases (i.e., the class II, hybrid B, haloperoxidase and aromatic peroxygenase peroxidases) present a patchy phylogenetic distribution compatible with an accessory role in finely adapting the different fungal species to their ecological niche, rather than being involved in fundamental roles in fungal biology. Accordingly, targeted gene deletions of the different P. anserina peroxidase genes identified only one phenotype, seemingly an alteration of the timing of ascospore maturation at intermediate concentration of vanillic acid. However, direct measure of peroxidase activity did not show drastic loss of activity in the tested mutants, suggesting compensation between the enzymes. Hence, in P. anserina , peroxidases appear to have a minor role in biomass degradation, unlike what has been described in white rot fungi, and in this regard P. anserina appears to be similar to brown rot fungi.","PeriodicalId":502425,"journal":{"name":"Cryptogamie, Mycologie","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Corticolous Species of Mazosia A.Massal. (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) from Guadeloupe, Remarkable by its Byssoid Thallus","authors":"D. Ertz, Élise Lebreton","doi":"10.5252/cryptogamiemycologie2024v45a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamiemycologie2024v45a1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An unknown species of Roccellaceae Chevall. was collected in 2022 and 2023 on the bark of trunks in a rainforest in Basse-Terre island (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles). Phylogenetic analyses using mtSSU, nuLSU and RPB2 sequences reveal the placement of the species in the genus Mazosia A.Massal. (Roccellaceae). The lichen is unusual for the genus by being the first species of Mazosia developing a byssoid thallus. It is described as Mazosia byssoidea Lebreton & Ertz, sp. nov. Besides it byssoid thallus, the new species is characterized by 1-septate ascospores, stipitate pycnidia and a chemistry with roccellic acid. Together, all these features make the new species a distinctive and important addition to the Arthoniales Henssen ex D.Hawksw. & O.E.Erikss. So far, it is only known from two large trees in a dense humid forest at low elevation, a locality that needs to be included in a protected area. A key to the corticolous species of Mazosia is provided. RÉSUMÉ Une espèce nouvelle corticole de Mazosia A.Massal. (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) de Guadeloupe, remarquable par son thalle byssoïde. Une espèce inconnue de Roccellaceae Chevall. a été collectée en 2022 et 2023 sur écorce d'arbres dans une forêt tropicale dense et humide sur l'île de la Basse-Terre en Guadeloupe (Petites Antilles). Des analyses phylogénétiques utilisant les séquences mtSSU, nuLSU et RPB2 révèlent le placement de l'espèce dans le genre Mazosia A.Massal. (Roccellaceae). Ce lichen est inhabituel pour le genre car il s'agit de la première espèce de Mazosia développant un thalle byssoïde. Il est décrit comme Mazosia byssoidea Lebreton & Ertz, sp. nov. En plus de son thalle byssoïde, la nouvelle espèce est caractérisée par des ascospores à une cloison, des pycnides pédonculées et une chimie caractérisée par l'acide roccellique. L'ensemble de ces caractéristiques fait de cette nouvelle espèce un ajout singulier et important aux Arthoniales Henssen ex D.Hawksw. & O.E.Erikss. Jusqu'à présent, elle n'est connue que de deux grands arbres dans une forêt dense humide de basse altitude, une localité qui devrait être incluse dans une zone protégée. Une clé des espèces corticoles du genre Mazosia est fournie.","PeriodicalId":502425,"journal":{"name":"Cryptogamie, Mycologie","volume":"3 11","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two New Species of Genus Lactarius Pers. (Russulaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India","authors":"I. Bera, K. Das","doi":"10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a11","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lactarius Pers. is one of the most frequently encountered ectomycorrhizal genera of the family Russulaceae. Because of its cosmopolitan nature, several taxa belonging to its three subgenera, Lactarius subg. Lactarius (Fr. ex J.Kickx f.) Kauffman, L. subg. Russularia (Fr.) Kauffman, and L. subg. Plinthogalus (Berk.) Hesler & A.H.Sm., have been documented worldwide portraying its diversity. Routine macrofungal explorations concentrating on Lactarius in two districts of Arunachal Pradesh (West Kameng and Tawang) have accounted for many species in temperate to subalpine forests. Recent observations have revealed two interesting species belonging to subgenera Lactarius and Russularia. Morphological features along with nrITS-LSU based phylogenetic analysis inferred these two species as new to science. Lactarius kamengensis sp. nov. (subg. Lactarius) is characterized as a medium-sized Lactarius with bitter to acrid taste, pale yellowish, vaguely zonate pileus, scrobiculate stipe, white latex turning pale yellowish and occurrence under Castanopsis (D.Don) Spach. Whereas, Lactarius madhuriensis sp. nov. is a unique high-altitude species belonging to subg. Russularia with brownish orange coloured, umbonate pileus, and watery white latex that turns yellowish. RÉSUMÉ Deux nouvelles espèces du genre Lactarius Pers. (Russulaceae) de l'Arunachal Pradesh, Inde. Lactarius Pers. est l′un des genres ectomycorhiziens les plus fréquemment rencontrés dans la famille des Russulaceae. En raison de sa nature cosmopolite, plusieurs taxons appartenant à ses trois sous-genres, Lactarius subg. Lactarius (Fr. ex J.Kickx f.) Kauffman, L. subg. Russularia (Fr.) Kauffman, et L. subg. Plinthogalus (Berk.) Hesler & A.H.Sm., ont été documentés dans le monde entier, ce qui illustre sa diversité. Des explorations macrofongiques de routine se concentrant sur Lactarius dans deux districts de l′Arunachal Pradesh (West Kameng et Tawang) ont permis de recenser de nombreuses espèces dans les forêts tempérées à subalpines. Des observations récentes ont révélé deux espèces intéressantes appartenant aux sous-genres Lactarius et Russularia. Les caractéristiques morphologiques ainsi que l′analyse phylogénétique basée sur les nrITS-LSU ont permis de conclure que ces deux espèces sont nouvelles pour la science. Lactarius kamengensis sp. nov. (subg. Lactarius) est caractérisé comme un Lactarius de taille moyenne avec un goût amer à âcre, un pileus jaunâtre pâle, vaguement zoné, un stipe scrobiculé, un latex blanc tournant jaune pâle et une occurrence sous Castanopsis (D.Don) Spach. Alors que Lactarius madhuriensis sp. nov. est une espèce unique de haute altitude appartenant au sous-groupe Russularia avec un pileus omboné de couleur orange brunâtre et un latex blanc aqueux qui tourne jaunâtre.","PeriodicalId":502425,"journal":{"name":"Cryptogamie, Mycologie","volume":"15 1","pages":"147 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological activity of some Romanian and Turkish Trichoderma Pers. strains","authors":"Gülhan Tunç, O. Boiu-Sicuia, Aslı Şahiner, Volkan Kuzucu, N. Doğan, Tomaž Langerholc","doi":"10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a10","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disease infections caused by invasive fungi and bacteria, are some of the major causes of agricultural losses and food contamination. Human pathogenic infections are diminishing the quality of life, and in severe cases, they can trigger morbidity or even mortality. In the agricultural field, preventive treatments should be provided to control plant diseases, while in the healthcare system, for suppressing human pathogens infections, curative measures can also be applied, but with enormous costs in many parts of the world. To diminish these shortcomings, three Trichoderma spp. strains were screened in this study for antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. The antifungal effect of these strains was evaluated against eight common plant pathogenic fungi: Alternaria sp. Nees, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Fusarium culmorum (Wm.G.Sm.) Sacc., F. graminearum Schwabe, F. oxysporum Schltdl., F. proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Tested Trichoderma spp. strains reduced the pathogenic growth with at least 50% inhibition; however, they were most effective against B. cinerea, with up to 92.1 ± 2.0% inhibition. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract obtained from liquid cultures of tested Trichoderma spp. strains was also screened against six opportunistic human pathogens and food contaminants: Enterococcus faecalis (Andrewes & Horder) Schleifer & Kilpper-Bälz, Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani & Chalmers, Listeria monocytogenes (Murray et al.) Pirie, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula, Salmonella typhimurium (Loeffler) Castellani & Chalmers and Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach. Antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion assay, and tested Trichoderma spp. strains revealed particularly high inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria. Moreover, the antibiofilm activity of these three biocontrol strains was also screened by XTT Assay kit. Turkish Trichoderma sp. Ș4 strain showed significant inhibitory activity against the tested pathogens. RÉSUMÉ Activité biologique de certaines souches roumaines et turques de Trichoderma Pers. Les infections causées par des champignons et des bactéries envahissants comptent parmi les principales causes de pertes agricoles et de contamination des aliments. Les infections fongiques humaines diminuent la qualité de vie et, dans les cas graves, elles peuvent entraîner une morbidité, voire une mortalité. Dans le domaine agricole, des traitements préventifs doivent être fournis pour contrôler les maladies des plantes, tandis que dans le système de santé, pour supprimer les infections par des agents pathogènes humains, des mesures curatives peuvent également être appliquées, mais avec des coûts importants dans n'importe quelle partie du monde. Pour pallier ces carences, trois souches de Trichoderma spp. ont été étudiées pour leurs activités antimicrobiennes et antibiofilm. L'effet antifong","PeriodicalId":502425,"journal":{"name":"Cryptogamie, Mycologie","volume":"53 1","pages":"135 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}