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Transcriptome analysis of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris exposed to the DNA-damaging agent bleomycin 暴露于 DNA 损伤剂博莱霉素的游仆虫 Hypsibius exemplaris 的转录组分析
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.pjab.100.023
Yuki YOSHIDA, Akiyoshi HIRAYAMA, Kazuharu ARAKAWA
{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris exposed to the DNA-damaging agent bleomycin","authors":"Yuki YOSHIDA, Akiyoshi HIRAYAMA, Kazuharu ARAKAWA","doi":"10.2183/pjab.pjab.100.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.pjab.100.023","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Tardigrades are microscopic animals that are renowned for their capabilities of tolerating near-complete desiccation by entering an ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis. However, many species also show high tolerance against radiation in the active state as well, suggesting cross-tolerance via the anhydrobiosis mechanism. Previous studies utilized indirect DNA damaging agents to identify core components of the cross-tolerance machinery in species with high anhydrobiosis capacities. However, it was difficult to distinguish whether transcriptomic changes were specific to DNA damage or mutual with anhydrobiosis. To this end, we performed transcriptome analysis on bleomycin-exposed <i>Hypsibius exemplaris</i>. We observed induction of several tardigrade-specific gene families, including a previously identified novel anti-oxidative stress family, which may be a core component of the cross-tolerance mechanism. We also identified enrichment of the tryptophan metabolism pathway, for which metabolomic analysis suggested engagement of this pathway in stress tolerance. These results provide several candidates for the core component of cross-tolerance, as well as possible anhydrobiosis machinery.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":501680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perturbed maternal microbiota shapes offspring microbiota during early colonization period in mice 母体微生物群紊乱影响小鼠早期定植期的子代微生物群
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.020
Shiro TOCHITANI, Takamitsu TSUKAHARA, Ryo INOUE
{"title":"Perturbed maternal microbiota shapes offspring microbiota during early colonization period in mice","authors":"Shiro TOCHITANI, Takamitsu TSUKAHARA, Ryo INOUE","doi":"10.2183/pjab.100.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.100.020","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Recent studies have highlighted the impact of disrupted maternal gut microbiota on the colonization of offspring gut microbiota, with implications for offspring developmental trajectories. The extent to which offspring inherit the characteristics of altered maternal gut microbiota remains elusive. In this study, we employed a mouse model where maternal gut microbiota disruption was induced using non-absorbable antibiotics. Systematic chronological analyses of dam fecal samples, offspring luminal content, and offspring gut tissue samples revealed a notable congruence between offspring gut microbiota profiles and those of the perturbed maternal gut microbiota, highlighting the profound influence of maternal microbiota on early-life colonization of offspring gut microbiota. Nonetheless, certain dominant bacterial genera in maternal microbiota did not transfer to the offspring, indicating a bacterial taxonomy-dependent mechanism in the inheritance of maternal gut microbiota. Our results embody the vertical transmission dynamics of disrupted maternal gut microbiota in an animal model, where the gut microbiota of an offspring closely mirrors the gut microbiota of its mother.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":501680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isolation and grouping of RNA phages by Itaru Watanabe et al. (1967) Itaru Watanabe 等人对 RNA 噬菌体的分离和分组（1967 年）
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.017
Fumio ARISAKA
{"title":"Isolation and grouping of RNA phages by Itaru Watanabe et al. (1967)","authors":"Fumio ARISAKA","doi":"10.2183/pjab.100.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.100.017","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>I. Watanabe <i>et al.</i> isolated approximately 30 strains of RNA phages from various parts of Japan. To isolate RNA phages, they assessed the infection specificity of male <i>Escherichia coli</i> and RNase sensitivity. They found that the isolated strains of RNA phages could be serologically separated into three groups. Furthermore, most of them were serologically related, and the antiphage rabbit serum prepared by one of these phages neutralized most of the other phages. The only serologically unrelated phage was the RNA phage Qβ, which was isolated at the Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, in 1961.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":501680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular mechanisms of self-incompatibility in Brassicaceae and Solanaceae 十字花科和茄科植物自相容性的分子机制
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.014
Kohji MURASE, Seiji TAKAYAMA, Akira ISOGAI
{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of self-incompatibility in Brassicaceae and Solanaceae","authors":"Kohji MURASE, Seiji TAKAYAMA, Akira ISOGAI","doi":"10.2183/pjab.100.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.100.014","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Self-incompatibility (SI) is a mechanism for preventing self-fertilization in flowering plants. SI is controlled by a single <i>S</i>-locus with multiple haplotypes (<i>S</i>-haplotypes). When the pistil and pollen share the same <i>S</i>-haplotype, the pollen is recognized as self and rejected by the pistil. This review introduces our research on Brassicaceae and Solanaceae SI systems to identify the <i>S</i>-determinants encoded at the <i>S</i>-locus and uncover the mechanisms of self/nonself-discrimination and pollen rejection. The recognition mechanisms of SI systems differ between these families. A self-recognition system is adopted by Brassicaceae, whereas a collaborative nonself-recognition system is used by Solanaceae. Work by our group and subsequent studies indicate that plants have evolved diverse SI systems.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":501680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kawai-type multianvil ultrahigh-pressure technology 川井式多管超高压技术
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B Pub Date : 2024-02-03 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.013
Tetsuo IRIFUNE
{"title":"Kawai-type multianvil ultrahigh-pressure technology","authors":"Tetsuo IRIFUNE","doi":"10.2183/pjab.100.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.100.013","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Since the large-volume press with a double-stage multianvil system was created by the late Professor Naoto Kawai, this apparatus (Kawai-type multianvil apparatus or KMA) has been developed for higher-pressure generation, <i>in situ</i> X-ray and neutron observations, deformation experiments, measurements of physical properties, synthesis of high-pressure phases, <i>etc.</i>, utilizing its large sample volume and capacity in stable and homogeneous high temperature generation compared to those of competitive diamond anvil cells. These advancements in KMA technology have been made primarily by Japanese scientists and engineers, which yielded a wealth of new experimental data on phase transitions, melting relations, and physical characteristics of minerals and rocks, leading to significant constraints on the structures, chemical compositions, and dynamics of the deep Earth. KMA technology has also been used for synthesis of novel functional materials such as nano-polycrystalline diamond and transparent nano-ceramics, opening a new research field of ultrahigh-pressure materials science.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":501680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139666339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of the spatial distribution of the landslides triggered by the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake, Japan 1923 年日本关东大地震引发的山体滑坡的空间分布分析
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.009
Ryo ENDO, Junko IWAHASHI
{"title":"Analysis of the spatial distribution of the landslides triggered by the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake, Japan","authors":"Ryo ENDO, Junko IWAHASHI","doi":"10.2183/pjab.100.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.100.009","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>The Great Kanto Earthquake that occurred in the southern part of Kanto district, Japan, on September 1, 1923, was reported to have triggered numerous landslides (over 89,080 slope failures over an area of 86.32 km<sup>2</sup>). This study investigated the relationship between the landslide occurrence caused by this earthquake and geomorphology, geology, soil, seismic ground motion, and coseismic deformation. We found that a higher landslide density was mainly related to a larger absolute curvature and a higher slope angle, as well as to several geological units (Neogene plutonic rock, accretionary prism, and metamorphic rocks). Moreover, we performed decision tree analyses, which showed that slope angle, geology, and coseismic deformation were correlated to landslide density in that order. However, no clear correlation was found between landslide density and seismic ground motion. These results suggest that landslide density was greater in areas of large slope angle or fragile geology in the area with strong shaking enough to trigger landslides.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":501680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B","volume":"43 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139061627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent progress in the chemistry of heavy aromatics 重芳烃化学的最新进展
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.027
Shiori FUJIMORI, Yoshiyuki MIZUHATA, Norihiro TOKITOH
{"title":"Recent progress in the chemistry of heavy aromatics","authors":"Shiori FUJIMORI, Yoshiyuki MIZUHATA, Norihiro TOKITOH","doi":"10.2183/pjab.99.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.99.027","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>The aromaticity and synthetic application of “heavy benzenes”, <i>i.e.</i>, benzenes containing a heavier Group 14 element (Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) in place of skeletal carbon, have been the targets of many theoretical and synthetic studies. Although the introduction of a sterically demanding substituent enabled us to synthesize and isolate heavy aromatic species as a stable compound by suppressing their high reactivity and tendency to polymerize, the existence of a protection group is an obstruction to the development of functional materials based on heavy aromatics. This review will delineate the most recent topics in the chemistry of heavy aromatics, <i>i.e.</i>, the chemistry of “metallabenzenyl anions”, which are the heavier Group 14 element analogs of phenyl anions stabilized by taking advantage of charge repulsion instead of steric protection.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":501680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diffuse neutrino background from past core collapse supernovae 来自过去核心坍缩超新星的弥散中微子背景
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.026
Shin’ichiro ANDO, Nick EKANGER, Shunsaku HORIUCHI, Yusuke KOSHIO
{"title":"Diffuse neutrino background from past core collapse supernovae","authors":"Shin’ichiro ANDO, Nick EKANGER, Shunsaku HORIUCHI, Yusuke KOSHIO","doi":"10.2183/pjab.99.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.99.026","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Core collapse supernovae are among the most powerful explosions in the Universe, which emit thermal neutrinos that carry away most of the gravitational binding energy released. These neutrinos produce a diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), which is one of the largest energy budgets among all radiation backgrounds. Detecting the DSNB is an important goal of modern high-energy astrophysics and particle physics, which provides valuable insights into core collapse modeling, neutrino physics, and cosmic supernova rate history. In this review, the key ingredients of DSNB calculation and what can be learned from future detections, including black hole formation and non-standard neutrino interactions are discussed. Moreover, an overview of the latest updates in neutrino experiments, which could lead to the detection of the DSNB in the next decade, is provided. With the promise of this breakthrough discovery on the horizon, the study of DSNB has great potential to further our understanding of the Universe.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":501680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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