{"title":"Risks and forecasts of global temperature increase and climate challenges: Insights from the 5th wave theory and Novak triangle","authors":"David Novak, Hamid Doost Mohammadian","doi":"10.18282/pef.v12i2.3316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18282/pef.v12i2.3316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global overheating of the earth leads to numerous direct and indirect consequences. Explicitly also financial and explicitly also those that will affect people’s insurance and standard of living. The Prof. Doost Mohammadian’s 5th wave theory and the Novak triangle show correlations and possible solutions for government action. <strong>Purpose:</strong> Recognizing the consequences of the global increase in temperature is one thing, drawing the right conclusions and measures with the aim of implementing them in the foreseeable future is another. The countries of this world must act—this paper is intended to help. <strong>Design/methodology/approach:</strong> The aim was to find out what risks and predictions are posed by the global increase in temperature. This paper uses qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze the challenges in anthropogenic global overheating using the Novak Triangle and the fifth wave/tomorrow age theory. The study is based on a review of existing literature and case studies of countries introduced based on the Paris Agreement (2015). <strong>Findings:</strong> Most people have realized that man-made global overheating will have massive consequences worldwide. These consequences need to be made concrete, as well as changes in human behavior and policy frameworks. The paper deals with various consequences and thus risks that will also affect the insurance industry and shows dangers for the world population. Affected countries: All countries of this world will be affected because the overheating of the earth is a global effect. <strong>Research/future/practical implications:</strong> Yes, anthropogenic global overheating (trivialized by various opinion makers as climate change and dismissed as a fringe phenomenon) is the greatest challenge facing humanity in the 21st century. In summary, the ability to make money or reduce one’s costs with BEVs/FCEVs may be the fastest accelerator for their adoption. This can best be achieved with simple “out-of-the-box” solutions that people implement themselves out of self-interest (see Novak Triangle). Implications of this paper for research include the need for further research on human behavior and the effectiveness of proposed solutions. Future implications of this paper include the importance of mitigating direct and indirect consequences of temperature rise and considering unpleasant facts in this regard. <strong>Originality/value:</strong> Currently, there are practically no scientific books that would present the overall context of the challenges around global temperature increase in correlation with direct and indirect consequences for people and the economy at a glance. Therefore, only current findings and scenarios can be described here. This paper contributes to the literature on economic and environmental consequences of Earth overheating by explaining the resulting challenges using the 5th wave theory. The paper proposes solutions to these challenges and includes","PeriodicalId":498042,"journal":{"name":"Progress in energy & fuels","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challenges of a sustainable energy and vehicle-related value chain for BEVs and FCEVs through the 5th wave theory","authors":"David Novak, Hamid Doost Mohammadian","doi":"10.18282/pef.v12i1.3308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18282/pef.v12i1.3308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transition to sustainable energy and transportation systems presents complex challenges for the value chain of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). These challenges are explored through the lens of the 5th wave theory, which predicts the emergence of a new technological paradigm based on clean energy and mobility. One major challenge is the need for a comprehensive infrastructure to support the production, distribution, and consumption of sustainable energy and clean transportation. This includes charging stations for BEVs and hydrogen refueling stations for FCEVs, as well as renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. Another challenge is the need to develop a circular economy for the production and disposal of BEV and FCEV components, including batteries and fuel cells. This requires designing products for reuse, recycling, and remanufacturing, as well as establishing collection and recycling systems that are both economically and environmentally sustainable. The shift to sustainable energy and transportation requires significant changes in consumer behavior and preferences, as well as policy and regulatory frameworks to support the adoption of BEVs and FCEVs. This includes measures such as incentives for the purchase of clean vehicles, as well as emissions standards and carbon pricing to incentivize the transition to low-carbon transportation. Addressing these challenges will require collaboration across the entire value chain, from vehicle manufacturers and energy providers to policymakers and consumers. By embracing the 5th wave theory and working together to create a sustainable energy and vehicle-related value chain, we can pave the way for a cleaner, greener, and more equitable future.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the overall context of global earth overheating (often downplayed as “climate change”), BEVs and FCEVs are at the core of the road mobility solution to be sought. Although this is recognized in expert circles and now even by most politicians worldwide, there are still many challenges in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the challenges of establishing a sustainable energy and vehicle-related value chain for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) through the 5th wave theory. The paper aims to identify the key challenges and propose solutions for establishing a sustainable value chain for these vehicles.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>The aim was to find out what challenges still exist around the implementation of BEVs and FCEVs. Germany and the EU are exemplary here for most industrialized countries. This paper uses a qualitative approach to analyze the challenges of establishing a sustainable value chain for BEVs and FCEVs through the 5th wave theory. The study is based on a review of existing literature and case studies of countries that have implemented sustainable energy and transportation syst","PeriodicalId":498042,"journal":{"name":"Progress in energy & fuels","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}