Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal sučasnih problem toksikologìï最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of systemic and organotoxic effects caused by the modern synthetic opioids: clinical and forensic aspects","authors":"N.V. Kurdil, K.F. Voroshylov, O.N. Rozhkova, M.Yu. Voitenko, P.S. Novostroina, I.V. Rozovyk","doi":"10.33273/2663-4570-2023-94-1-7-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2023-94-1-7-20","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Establishing the cause of death in modern drug poisonings (overdoses) is not always a simple task. The systemic toxic effects resulting from the consumption of opioid drugs of the new generations are extremely diverse and extend far beyond the nervous system. The causes of death and mechanisms of tonatogenesis are also quite diverse, so their establishment is based on a wide range of data that can be obtained both during life and in the process of forensic research. Aim. Analysis of the causes of death due to drug poisoning (opioids-related) in adults according to the data of clinical and pathohistological studies. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 164 patients who died in the hospital as a result of opioid poisoning during the period 2017–2021 was carried out; analyzed the data of sectional and microscopic studies of tissues (lungs, kidneys, myocardium, brain, liver, spleen) of 28 people with drug overdoses involving opioids who died outside hospitals during the same period. The preparations were examined using an Olympus CX 41 microscope in transmitted light, at magnifications of 40, 100, and 400 times. Results. Clinical, functional and laboratory tests carried out in the hospital's admissions department and in the intensive care unit revealed the following pathological conditions: cerebral coma, brain edema – 158 (96.3 %); respiratory failure – 73 cases (44.5 %); liver failure – 23 (13.4 %); kidney failure, including anuria – 14 (8.5 %); syndrome of prolonged compression of soft tissues and rhabdomyolysis – 9 (5.4 %); cardiopulmonary failure, including pulmonary edema – 19 (11.5 %); the presence of thrombophlebitis, purulent wounds, sepsis – 24 (14.6 %). According to examination data, toxicological anamnesis, and information from patients' relatives, the structure of concomitant pathology was determined in accordance with ICD-10 codes. According to the data of sectional and histological studies, in 89 cases (54.2 %), changes characteristic of a systemic inflammatory reaction and a chronic inflammatory process, including sepsis, were detected. The results of clinical and pathohistological studies show that drug users have various concomitant pathologies of many organs and systems (lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, etc.), which increases the toxic effect of drugs and conditions the features of tonatogenesis. Conclusions. The study of clinical and histological parallels in cases of sudden death due to drug overdoses will allow us to increase the level of our knowledge about the mechanisms of tonatogenesis and contribute to the determination of effective measures to prevent premature mortality of the population. Keywords: drugs, overdose, mortality, lethality, forensic medicine.","PeriodicalId":495090,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal sučasnih problem toksikologìï","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135354784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological therapeutic appliance for acute poisoning by organophosphorous compounds of anticholinesterase action (review of literature)","authors":"M.L. Zinovieva, N.V. Kurdil, P.G. Zhminko, M.G. Prodanchuk, O.P. Kravchuk, M.V. Velychko","doi":"10.33273/2663-4570-2023-94-1-42-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2023-94-1-42-54","url":null,"abstract":"The current standards of treatment the acute OPC poisoning with anticholinesterase action remain insufficient, despite the significant number of researches in this area conducted in the world. One of the ways to solve this problem is to use a wider range of pathogenetically determined pharmacologic agents. The Aim of the Research. To observe and summarize the published results of investigation the pharmacological therapeutic appliance for acute OPC poisoning at the stages of preclinical and early clinical evaluation. Methods. System content analysis of literature data using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results and Conclusions. The investigation of pharmacological therapeutic appliance effectiveness for acute anticholinesterase OPC poisoning remains relevant when taking into account the complexity of the intoxication pathogenesis. The main lines of pharmacological agents’ research for the acute anticholinesterase OPC poisoning include the study of n-cholinoreceptor antagonists, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, NMDA-receptor antagonists, H1-histamine receptor antagonists, alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists, enzymatic antidote, antioxidants, agonists of beta-adrenergic blockers, and also magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, lipid emulsions. The investigations of clinically available therapeutic appliance continue both in animal experiments and at the clinical application stage. Such investigations are also important given the need for poisoning emergency care under conditions when specific therapies are missing or limited. Keywords: organophosphorus compounds, acute poisoning, therapeutic appliance.","PeriodicalId":495090,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal sučasnih problem toksikologìï","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135354507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hazard assessment, complex hygienic standardization of sulfoxaflor in agricultural food raw materials, production and environmental objects; justification of regulations for the safe use of the insecticide based on it","authors":"O.P. Kravchuk, V.I. Medvedev, P.G. Zhminko, A.P. Hrynko, S.G. Serhieiev, O.M. Bahatska, I.P. Pavlenko","doi":"10.33273/2663-4570-2023-94-1-21-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2023-94-1-21-41","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Sulfoxaflor is recommended for use as an insecticide on wheat, barley, rapeseed, sugar beet, apple and cabbage. In the State Enterprise “L.I. Medved’s Research Center for Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety, The Ministry of Health of Ukraine” a study was conducted on the toxicological and hygienic assessment of sulfoxaflor and the insecticide Transform, WG based on it; PDD of sulfoxaflor for humans, hygienic standards of the substance and regulations for safe use of the drug are substantiated. Aim. Toxicological and hygienic assessment of sulfoxaflor and its insecticide, assessment of the risk of exposure to agricultural workers and the population. Methods. Expert-analytical, toxicological, physico-chemical, hygienic. Results. According to the parameters of toxicity, sulfoxaflor and the drug Transform, WG belong to pesticides of the 2nd class of danger according to the limiting criterion of harmfulness – the reproductive toxicity of sulfoxaflor. It has a polytropic effect on the body with predominant damage to the liver and reproductive organs. Mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic activity and embryotoxicity of sulfoxaflor are not limiting when assessing its danger. As a result of field studies, it was established that residual amounts of sulfoxaflor were not detected in the grain of the wheat and barley crops, the seeds of the rape crop and its oil, the roots of the sugar beet crop, the apple crop and their juice, cabbage at the limit level of detection methods. The degree of possible professional risk of exposure to flupyradifurone in case of entering the body of agricultural workers by inhalation and dermal routes does not exceed the permissible level. Conclusions. The use of the insecticide Transform, WG based on sulfoxaflor in the agriculture of Ukraine on wheat, barley, rapeseeds, sugar beetroots, apples and cabbage in compliance with hygienic standards and regulations is not dangerous talking about the sulfoxaflor contamination possibility of agricultural crops and environmental objects. Keywords: insecticide, sulfoxaflor, toxicological properties, hygienic standards and regulations, hazard assessment.","PeriodicalId":495090,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal sučasnih problem toksikologìï","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135354785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomorphological and cytogenetic characteristics of buccal epithelium of persons that live in a \"sick building\"","authors":"T.S. Oboronova, V.S. Lisovska, B.I. Palamar, N.V. Kurdil, N.P. Chermnykh","doi":"10.33273/2663-4570-2023-94-1-72-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2023-94-1-72-84","url":null,"abstract":"The micronucleus test on buccal cells is a sensitive, minimally invasive and quite common method of cytogenetic studies. Aim. Study of cytomorphological and cytogenetic characteristics of the buccal epithelium using the micronucleus test in persons exposed to volatile organic compounds in the conditions of a \"sick building\". Materials and methods. The condition of the buccal epithelium was studied in 237 residents of apartment buildings and offices who complained of an unpleasant smell in the premises (male – 117, female – 120). Buccal cells were stained with 2.5 % acetoorcein solution and 1 % light green. Microscopy of the preparations was carried out using an optical microscope OPTON Axioskop (Germany) with magnification by oil immersion – x1000. Morphometric analysis of cell parameters and calculation of the percentage ratio of different forms of epitheliocytes was carried out using the Excel program. Calculations of the frequency of formation of micronuclei were carried out according to the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated 13.03.2007 № 116 \"On the approval of methodological recommendations: Survey and zoning of the territory according to the degree of influence of anthropogenic factors on the state of environmental objects using cytogenetic methods.\" Statistical data processing was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.0.0 program (Student's t-test; Mann-Whitney; ANOVA: Tukey; T3-Dunnett), at p ≤ 0.05. Results. Cytomorphological and cytogenetic changes in buccal cells were detected in a wide range of frequencies of 0.3–7.0 ‰; normal cells – 81 %; karyorrhexis and mast cells – 5 %, nuclear doubling and vacuolar dystrophy – 2 %, phagocytosis-apoptosis and absence of a nucleus – 1 %, colonization by microflora – 1 %, micropoison – 0.6 %, multinucleated cells – 0.5 %, protrusion of the nucleus \"broken \"egg\" – 0.5 %, \"tongue\" nucleus protrusion – 0.3 %. According to the MN-test, it was established that a strong correlation between the parameters of the frequency of MN formation and increasing age (R2 = 0.860) was characteristic of females, however, the degree of correlation was weak among males (R2 = 0.495). It was also established that the maximum rate of formation of micronucleus was observed among males in the age groups of 15–39 years and 65 years and older, and among females – in the age group of 65 years and older. Conclusions. In general, studies confirm that buccal epitheliocytes are sensitive to various exogenous and endogenous factors, which affects the cytomorphological and cytogenetic features of buccal cells, and these features have a rather wide spectrum. Keywords: indoor air, \"sick building syndrome\", cytogenetic studies, buccal epithelium, micronucleus test.","PeriodicalId":495090,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal sučasnih problem toksikologìï","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135354783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The state of the prooxidant and antioxidant systems of the rat under the single application of some methyl derivatives of pyridine N-oxide – Ivin and Poteitin","authors":"O.P. Vasetska, M.G. Prodanchuk, T.M. Verys","doi":"10.33273/2663-4570-2023-94-1-55-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2023-94-1-55-71","url":null,"abstract":"АBSTRACT. Previously, it was shown that pyridine N-oxide based plant growth regulators (PGR) Ivin and Poteitin when combined with pesticides reduce the acute and subchronic toxicity of pesticides for mammals, have a hepatoprotective effect, contribute to the reduction of mutagenic activity, in particular, of Cyclophosphane and Dioxidin cytostatics (Vasetska O.P., 2017, Vasetska O.P. et al., 2020, 2021). It is possible that a wide range of their biological effects may be associated with the activation of the body’s protective systems, in particular the antioxidant system. The effect of these PGRs on the state of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems is not sufficiently clarified. Therefore, an important issue for preventive toxicology is the study of the nature of the effect of PGR on the state of the body’s pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems, which will contribute to the development of preventive measures to preclude acute and chronic intoxications with pesticides. Aim. To find out the state of the body’s pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems under a single oral exposure to some plant growth regulators –pyridine N-oxide methyl derivatives. Materials and Methods. For the aim of this research we used PGR 2.6-dimethyl- pyridine N-oxide (Ivin) and a complex of 2.6- dimethylpyridine-N-oxide with succinic acid (Poteitin). PGR in the form of an aqueous solution was administered to male Wistar Han rats orally with a probe: Ivin at doses of 650 mg/kg (1/2 LD50) and 13 mg/kg (1/100 LD50), Poteitin – at doses of 1150 mg/kg (1/2 LD50) and 23 mg/kg (1/100 LD50). The influence of Ivin and Poteitin on the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant system under a single oral exposure to the body of male rats was determined on days 1, 3, and 7. LPO in liver tissues was determined by the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (DC), ketodienes (KD), conjugated trienes (CT) and Schiff bases (SB). MDA level was determined by the reaction with 2-thiobarbituric acid, DC, KD, CT, and SB in liver tissues – by the extraction-spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant status of the body was assessed by the activity of the catalase enzymes (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant activity (AOA). The results of the research were estimated by standard methods of variational statistics according to Student’s t-test criterion. Results. It was established that Ivin in the researched doses in the heptane fraction reduces the LPO intensity (containing MDA, DC, SB) in the liver tissues of rats, in the isopropanol fraction – DC; increases the activity of catalase and total AOA in blood serum. Poteitin in the tested doses in the heptane fraction reduces the formation of lipid products (containing MDA, DC, KD and CT) in the liver tissues of rats, in the isopropanol fraction – DC; increases the activity of catalase and the content of GSH, total AOA. Both substances do not disrupt the gl","PeriodicalId":495090,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal sučasnih problem toksikologìï","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135354773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}