{"title":"Diferential method for the formation of relative phase shifts between light beams in two-arm interferometer","authors":"I. N. Odintsev","doi":"10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-3-21-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-3-21-27","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of improving technical means that make it possible to introduce phase shifts into light beams in the interferometer paths is considered. An optical-mechanical phase modulator in the form of a plane-parallel glass plate rotated around an axis lying in its plane was adopted as the initial version of these technical means. A differential method is proposed for the formation of relative phase shifts between beams in a two-arm interferometer. A variant of the modulator has been developed in the form of a pair of rigidly interconnected plates, the planes of which are initially rotated at a given angle. In this case, each of the parallel light beams in the interferometer passes through its own plate. It is shown that in this case a practically linear relationship is provided between the generated relative phase shift and the total angle of rotation of the plates. A variant of using a single plate as a modulator under the established conditions for the incidence of two beams propagating in different arms of the interferometer is considered. The operability of the proposed differential method for controlling the phase shift between light beams is confi rmed by the data of a test experiment. The results obtained will be useful in the development of special tools based on the method of digital speckle pattern interferometry for measurements of the displacement fields of deformable bodies","PeriodicalId":495050,"journal":{"name":"Измерительная техника","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135077179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid method of speech signals spectral analysis based on the autoregressive model and Schuster periodogram","authors":"V. V. Savchenko","doi":"10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-3-61-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-3-61-66","url":null,"abstract":"The task of measuring the power spectral density of a speech signal in the regime of a sliding observation window is considered. A parametric approach to solving this task using an autoregressive data model is studied. The problem of optimizing the order of an autoregressive model under conditions of small samples is studied. The problem is proposed to be solved using a hybrid method of spectral analysis based on sequential enumeration of a fi nite number of alternatives. The optimization criterion is formulated in terms of the inverse problem: from a speech signal to a voice source. It uses the scaleinvariant measure of the spectral distance as the objective function, and the Schuster periodogram as the reference sample. The effectiveness of the hybrid method has been experimentally evaluated on the basis of author's software. It is shown that with the duration of the observation window of no more than 10 ms, the use of the hybrid method increases the accuracy of spectral analysis by more than 30 % compared to the well-known Berg method, the order of which is established according to the Akaike information criterion.","PeriodicalId":495050,"journal":{"name":"Измерительная техника","volume":"42 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134998635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. E. Isaev, Yi Chen, A. N. Matveev, Guanghui Jia, B. I. Khatamtaev, Shiquan Wang, N. G. Shcherblyuk
{"title":"Results of pilot comparisons of amplitude-phase calibrations of hydrophones in the frequency range 10–500 kHz COOMET 786/RU-а/19","authors":"A. E. Isaev, Yi Chen, A. N. Matveev, Guanghui Jia, B. I. Khatamtaev, Shiquan Wang, N. G. Shcherblyuk","doi":"10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-3-67-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-3-67-72","url":null,"abstract":"Initiated by COOMET TC 1.2 “Acoustics, Ultrasound, Vibration” bilateral pilot comparisons of amplitude-phase calibrations of hydrophones in the frequency range 10–500 kHz COOMET 786/RU-a/19 between the Hangzhou Research Institute of Applied Acoustics (HAARI) and the Russian Metrological Institute of Technical Physics and Radio Engineering (pilot laboratory) are described. Characteristics of reference hydrophones, information about standard facilities and methods of calibration, results of calibrations, and estimates of reference levels of comparisons are given. The results of comparisons are discussed. The problems that infl uenced the results of comparisons are mentioned. The correctness of the measurement methods used by the participants of the comparisons, including the method of calculating the frequency dependence of the argument of hydrophone complex sensitivity from the experimental frequency dependence of the modulus of its sensitivity, was confirmed. The results of the pilot comparisons were found to be satisfactory. When discussing the results of comparisons at the COOMET TC 1.2 meeting, it was proposed to conduct additional comparisons of the results of amplitude-phase calibrations in an expanded composition of participants. The results obtained make it possible to verify the correctness of the adopted new technical solutions, to work out methods for performing measurements and post-processing of the obtained data, to identify and numerically evaluate sources of uncertainty, and also to establish previously unaccounted sources of uncertainty when improving primary standards.","PeriodicalId":495050,"journal":{"name":"Измерительная техника","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135076530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrey A. Kostoglotov, Alexey S. Kornev, Igor V. Pugachev, Sergey V. Lazarenko
{"title":"Modified method of invariant immersion in the synthesis of measuring procedures for estimating the motion parameters of a maneuvering target","authors":"Andrey A. Kostoglotov, Alexey S. Kornev, Igor V. Pugachev, Sergey V. Lazarenko","doi":"10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-2-47-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-2-47-54","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of processing the results of radar measurements of the target motion parameters under conditions of disturbances due to aircraft maneuvers is considered. In order to adapt to the disturbances of measuring procedures, the method of invariant immersion has been modified. The application of the modified method in the case of a linear observation equation leads to a widespread form of a discrete measurement procedure obtained in this paper as a special case of modified invariant immersion equations. On the basis of statistical modeling of digital processing of the results of radar measurements of the movement parameters of the maneuvering target, the efficiency indicators of radar stations are calculated – these are the averaged absolute and relative errors in the measurement of motion parameters, the averaged wiring coefficient and the averaged time of the duration of the breaks of the tracks. Their analysis allows us to assert the high efficiency of using new measuring procedures synthesized using acceleration models in the form of white noise and Singer in the information and measurement systems of radar stations. This becomes possible due to the presence of the matrix coefficient of adaptation in the structure of the modified equations of invariant immersion. The comparison was carried out with Kalman measurement procedures synthesized using these acceleration models. Calculations of performance indicators confirm the reliability of the results obtained, since the wellknown fact of an increase in the error of measuring the height of an aircraft by monopulse radar stations near the surface is demonstrated. The results of the study will be useful in the development of adaptive measurement procedures for information and measurement systems operating under conditions of disturbances of measuring processes, for example, for survey locators.","PeriodicalId":495050,"journal":{"name":"Измерительная техника","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136339638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan V. Mogilev, Bogdan V. Ivanov, Aleksandr V. Mylnikov
{"title":"Upgraded algorithm for implementing the electronic counting frequency meter method for measuring frequency deviation","authors":"Ivan V. Mogilev, Bogdan V. Ivanov, Aleksandr V. Mylnikov","doi":"10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-1-49-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-1-49-53","url":null,"abstract":"The ways of reducing the error of measurement methods of frequency deviation and expanding the measurement ranges of frequency deviation are considered. The possibilities of reducing the error of the electronic counting frequency meter method using digital signal processing algorithms are investigated. Digital signal processing algorithms are implemented in the software developed by the authors of a modern spectrum analyzer. The algorithm of digital signal processing of the spectrum analyzer is described. Using a mathematical model embedded in the calculation algorithm of the developed software, the measurement error of frequency deviation is estimated. The possibility of using the electronic counting frequency meter method with the help of digital signal processing algorithms of the spectrum analyzer has been experimentally investigated. The sources of error of the classical method of electronic counting frequency meter and possible ways of their elimination are considered. Comparisons of the proposed implementation of the electronic counting frequency meter method with the classical method, which is implemented in the State Primary Standard of the unit of frequency deviation GET 166-2020, are carried out. The proposed implementation of the method has expanded the measurement range of frequency deviation towards small values in comparison with the classical method of electronic counting frequency meter. Limitations and prospects of application of the investigated method in reference means of measuring frequency deviation based on analog-to-digital converters are considered.","PeriodicalId":495050,"journal":{"name":"Измерительная техника","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135035414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring installation for the research of errors of measuring current transformers in the extended frequency range 40–2500 Hz","authors":"Andrey A. Akhmeev, Ekaterina V. Voronskaya","doi":"10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-2-42-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-2-42-46","url":null,"abstract":"The use of measuring current transformers for the analysis of electrical energy quality indicators requires normalization of their metrological characteristics in the frequency range of 40–2500 Hz, the upper limit of the range corresponds to the value of the 50th harmonic at the frequency of the industrial network of 50 Hz. The metrological support for determining the characteristics of measuring current transformers at the frequency of the industrial network is considered and it is shown that it is necessary to expand the frequency range used, as well as to be able to assess the influence of the harmonic composition of the measured sinusoidal current on the metrological characteristics of these devices. As a result of the work performed, a measuring installation was created to study the metrological characteristics of measuring current transformers in the extended frequency range of 40–2500 Hz. Possible methods of studying the characteristics of measuring current transformers are described and a differential-zero measurement method is selected. A study of the measuring installation was carried out and its characteristics were obtained – the range of reproducible frequencies; the range of reproducible current in the measuring circuit in a given frequency range from 40 to 2500 Hz; uncertainties in the transmission of units of the coefficient and the angle of the scale conversion of the sinusoidal current to measuring current transformers. The results are relevant for assessing the metrological characteristics of current converters used in power engineering and industry, and for the development of metrological support for measuring current transformers in the extended frequency range.","PeriodicalId":495050,"journal":{"name":"Измерительная техника","volume":"1072 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135035260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrey V. Naumov, Roman I. Balaev, Alexander N. Malimon, Roman S. Kobyakov, Alexander V. Zheglov
{"title":"High-precision comparison of time scales over fiber optic lines using satellite modems with additional tone modulation","authors":"Andrey V. Naumov, Roman I. Balaev, Alexander N. Malimon, Roman S. Kobyakov, Alexander V. Zheglov","doi":"10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-2-24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-2-24-29","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a new type of modems with pseudonoise coding and additional tone modulation designed to compare reference time scales over telecommunication geostationary satellites is considered. Experimental studies were carried out on the possibility of comparing time scales of hydrogen keepers from the State primary standard of unit of time, frequency and national time scale using these modems via an optical link. A fiber-optical lines of various lengths were used for a two-way signal transmission. The output radio-frequency signals of the modems connected to the optical transmitters at the ends of the fiber-optical lines were transmitted towards each other on an optical carrier with a wavelength of 1.55 μm. Demodulation of optical signals into the radio frequency range was carried out using optical receivers at the ends of fiber lines. The results of experimental evaluation of type A uncertainty by comparing time scales using fiber-optical lines with 50, 100, and 200 km of length are presented. For the 200 km line, the type A measurement uncertainty does not exceed 3 ps for one day of averaging interval. For the first time, it has been experimentally shown that the implementation of the method of time scales comparison using modems with pseudo-noise coding and additional tone modulation over 200 km of fiber line is possible without the intermediate optical amplifiers. The result opens up the prospect of creating cascaded systems for comparing time scales of remote standards via fiber-optic communication lines with a smaller number of intermediate optical amplifiers.","PeriodicalId":495050,"journal":{"name":"Измерительная техника","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135035261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cosmological distances scale. Part 14: “Hubble bubble” and the gravitational dipole","authors":"Sergey F. Levin","doi":"10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-2-4-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-2-4-11","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, on the basis of astronomical discoveries over the past 25 years, the possible causes of the phenomenon that is perceived as the “acceleration of the expansion of the Universe” are considered. In 1998, in order to confirm the discovery of the “acceleration of the expansion of the Universe”, the specialists of the High-Z SN Search Team tested and rejected the hypothesis about the influence of a local void – the “Hubble bubble”, which was considered an alternative to the positive cosmological constant, based on data on 44 supernovae of type SN Ia. Also in 1998 the author and specialists of the Computing Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, during the testing of the multidimensional statistical analysis program “MMK-stat M”, according to standard reference data, a divergent dipole anisotropy of the redshift of 383 quasars and radio galaxies along the axis “Virgo – Leo ↔ Eridanus – Aquarius” was detected. In 2007, the problems of anisotropy attracted the attention of cosmologists. In 2016, groups of specialists from the High-Z SN Search Team and the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble program began a discussion about the impasse in cosmology. In the course of additional analysis, it is shown that the redshift dipole anisotropy of not only radio galaxies, but also supernovae of type SN Ia with respect to the quasar anisotropy dipole has an inverse orientation.","PeriodicalId":495050,"journal":{"name":"Измерительная техника","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135034492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valery I. Abdrakhmanov, Sergei A. Dobrotin, Olga N. Kosyreva, Vladimir I. Logutov
{"title":"Estimation of uncertainty of measurements of linear retention indices with increasing temperature of the capillary chromatographic column","authors":"Valery I. Abdrakhmanov, Sergei A. Dobrotin, Olga N. Kosyreva, Vladimir I. Logutov","doi":"10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-1-54-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-1-54-63","url":null,"abstract":"A brief overview of analysis methods and analytical identification parameters of components of complex mixtures is given. The parameters of identification of substances in the chromatographic analysis of complex multicomponent mixtures – linear retention indices – are considered, and it is shown that to ensure the necessary level of reliability of the analysis results, it is necessary to assess the uncertainty of measuring these indices. A general equation for determining the variance of the result of indirect measurements of linear retention indices is obtained. For the case of the analysis of mixtures containing both assays and n-alkanes, and mixtures with a separate content of these components, its particular formulations are derived from this general equation. A formula for determining the effective number of degrees of freedom of standard uncertainty is presented, taking into account the correlation of input variables in the measurement equation. Mathematical expressions are obtained for calculating the extended uncertainties of estimating linear retention indices, which take into account correlations of retention times of neighboring chromatographic peaks. By methods of interval mathematics, an upper estimate of the standard uncertainty of linear retention indices in the case of the joint presence of analytes and n-alkanes in the analyzed mixture was obtained and its significant decrease in comparison with the specified uncertainty in the analysis of mixtures with a separate content of these components was shown. The correspondence of theoretical and experimental results has been established. The results obtained can be used to identify the components of the analyzed mixture when standardizing chromatographic analysis techniques.","PeriodicalId":495050,"journal":{"name":"Измерительная техника","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135035413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gennady G. Levin, Vladimir L. Minaev, Alexey D. Ivanov, Alexander A. Golopolosov, Irina V. Goryainova
{"title":"Metrological support of video measuring systems","authors":"Gennady G. Levin, Vladimir L. Minaev, Alexey D. Ivanov, Alexander A. Golopolosov, Irina V. Goryainova","doi":"10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-1-24-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-1-24-30","url":null,"abstract":"Test objects of various types are used when creating and using video measuring systems which are part of the robots` technical vision, television sights, triangulation measuring systems, as well as 3D scanners. At the same time, an individual test object is developed for each type of device. This paper considers the possibility of development and construction of test objects for calibration (verification) of 2D and 3D video measuring systems, which are used to measure the geometric parameters of twodimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) objects, respectively. We propose to use a measure based on a liquid crystal monitor to calibrate 2D systems. The calibration of such measure is based on the use of a high-precision displacement measurement devices. They are a laser interferometer and subpixel image resolution algorithms. The measure corresponds to the standard of the 3rd category according to the State verification scheme for measuring instruments of length in the range of 1·10 –9 –100 m and wavelengths in the range of 0.2–50 microns. The measure can be used to measure the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a video system and the point spread function (PSF). We also propose to use gauge block and move it in space according to the specific program using a translator and an external linear encoder. We introduce the technical specifications of the developed measures that can be used as working standards for calibration (verification) of a wide class of video measuring systems.","PeriodicalId":495050,"journal":{"name":"Измерительная техника","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}