B. Alsanius, Maria Hellström, K. Bergstrand, Ramesh Vetukuri, Paul Becher, Maria E. Karlsson
{"title":"The power of light from a non-phototrophic perspective: a phyllosphere dilemma","authors":"B. Alsanius, Maria Hellström, K. Bergstrand, Ramesh Vetukuri, Paul Becher, Maria E. Karlsson","doi":"10.3389/fphbi.2024.1432066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphbi.2024.1432066","url":null,"abstract":"Plants and crop stands are considered holobionts, colonized by both autotrophic and by non-phototrophic heterotrophic microbiota. The dilemma in the exisiting body of studies is that the focus is primarily directed towards environmental specificties relevant for phototrophic organisms (predominantly plants), but does not take into account non-phototrophs. By definition, non-phototrophic heterotrophic bacteria do not use light as an energy source. Light energy and wavelength are rather used as a signal that can provoke shifts in both their metabolism and microbial lifestyle. Reaction and recovery time can vary between organisms and is dependent on the organism’s physiological stage. The length of the lighting event affects the energy an organism is exposed to. We argue that to obtain a deeper and more distinct understanding of light exposure (irradiance, exposure length), quantity (light intensity), and quality (wavelength/spectral distribution, bandwidth at full-width half-maximum) related mechanisms on non-phototrophic bacteria in the phyllosphere, the light environment needs to be further strictly characterized. This includes information on the actual energy hitting planktonic or sessile non-phototrophic bacteria resident on and inside plants aboveground. Mapping the light environment in ecosystems aids in unraveling light-phyllosphere interactions and strengthens their transdisciplinary character. This issue is fundamental in order to revisit and repeat others’ experimental approaches and findings but also to be able to translate findings into further action.","PeriodicalId":492177,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Photobiology","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Redina Bardhi, M. Mokhtari, M. Ceresnie, Aashka Suvarnarkar, I. Hamzavi, Henry W. Lim, T. Mohammad, I. Kohli
{"title":"Evaluating hyperpigmentation: is invasion of the skin necessary?","authors":"Redina Bardhi, M. Mokhtari, M. Ceresnie, Aashka Suvarnarkar, I. Hamzavi, Henry W. Lim, T. Mohammad, I. Kohli","doi":"10.3389/fphbi.2024.1346921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphbi.2024.1346921","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of long wavelength ultraviolet A1 radiation (LWUVA1) and visible light (VL) has been shown to produce photodamage and the majority of organic sunscreens lack protection against this spectrum. Currently, established testing protocols for VL photoprotection are lacking.To compare pigmentation assessment methods, including Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) scoring, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), and immunohistochemistry, to assess the utility of each in evaluating VL + LWUVA1 induced pigmentation.Anonymized IGA, DRS, and immunohistochemistry data for 37 subjects (Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV-VI) was retrospectively analyzed for pigment evaluation. Pigmentation was induced on the subjects’ backs with VL + LWUVA1 (0%–0.5% UVA1) irradiation at a dose of 480 J/cm2. Comparisons were made for all three assessment techniques between non-irradiated skin and VL + LWUVA1 irradiated skin, as well as between pure VL (0% UVA1) and VL + LWUVA1 (0.5% UVA1) irradiated sites. All comparisons were made for data collected approximately 24 h after irradiation to evaluate persistent pigment darkening (PPD).Among all 37 subjects, both IGA scores and DRS detected a statistically significant difference in PPD between irradiated and non-irradiated sites, as well as between VL + LWUVA1 and pure VL irradiated sites. However, MART-1/Melan-A did not indicate a statistically significant difference in PPD between irradiated and non-irradiated sites or between VL + LWUVA1 and pure VL irradiated sites.Subjective and objective noninvasive assessments were more sensitive in detecting VL + LWUVA1 induced pigmentation and should be preferred over invasive methods. Researchers are advised to initiate assessments with IGA and subsequently incorporate DRS for more objective and comprehensive insights in pigment evaluation.","PeriodicalId":492177,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Photobiology","volume":"45 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141102090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kaňa, Meri Eichner, Andrew Gall, Cristian Ilioaia
{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity in the photobiology of phototrophs—questions and methods","authors":"R. Kaňa, Meri Eichner, Andrew Gall, Cristian Ilioaia","doi":"10.3389/fphbi.2024.1384522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphbi.2024.1384522","url":null,"abstract":"Photosynthesis which harvests energy from the Sun, whether it occurs in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, is a key biological process that ultimately nourishes the biosphere. The molecular efficiencies of the photo-physical and physiological processes are intricately tied not only to the photo-physics/enzymatic kinetics of the proteins involved, but also to their spatial co-localization in membrane microdomains or in cell compartments (e.g., in membrane-less organelles). Similar heterogeneity in function can be found also between cells in isogenic cell cultures (phenotypic heterogeneity) or in filaments of phototrophic cells (e.g., heterocysts/vegetative cells in nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria). This review paper delves into the connection between the spatial (co)-localization of biomolecules (lipids, RNA, DNA, proteins, membranes compartments) and their functionality in situ. We highlight recent methodological advances in the field (e.g., super-resolution microscopy, Raman micro-spectroscopy, nanoSIMS, microsensors) and showcase applications of these methods in understanding heterogeneity on single-cell and on population-scale level. This paper thus aims to highlight the avenues that will help to unravel the molecular, cellular and ecological mechanisms in photobiology by combining up-to-date microscopy techniques with more traditional functional approaches.","PeriodicalId":492177,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Photobiology","volume":"49 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New horizons in light control of plant photomorphogenesis and development","authors":"Monique Liebers, T. Pfannschmidt","doi":"10.3389/fphbi.2023.1346705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphbi.2023.1346705","url":null,"abstract":"Light from Sun has tremendously shaped the evolution of plants and represents one of their key triggers for proper morphogenesis and development. Energy from Sun light is converted by photosynthesis into chemical energy that ultimately drives all energy consuming processes in plants. Besides, Sun light provides information about environmental conditions or constraints and signals important parameters such as day length, time point of season, direction and intensity of illumination or spatial competition with neighbouring plants. Plants possess a sophisticated array of photoreceptors that perceive this information (photoperception) and initiate signalling pathways that control appropriate responses at developmental or physiological level. While the primary processes of photoperception are largely understood, many aspects of the subsequent signalling networks are still elusive and especially the interaction with other signalling networks is far from understood. Light represents also a highly versatile tool for scientists to study morphogenesis and development of plants by a steadily increasing number of remote sensing technologies that allow to observe plants in real time and high resolution (photodetection). Further, scientists now can even use the knowledge about photobiology and photoreceptors to construct synthetic tools that can be genetically introduced into plants to monitor internal processes (so-called biosensors). Recent technological developments in optogenetics even allow to generate tools that actively regulate gene expression or metabolism by selective illumination (photocontrol). In this perspective article we highlight progress in our understanding of light signalling and a number of selected technological improvements in photocontrol with a special focus on the areas of phytochrome signalling and plant optogenetics.","PeriodicalId":492177,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Photobiology","volume":"56 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Let there be light to interact","authors":"Herwig Stibor, Maria Stockenreiter","doi":"10.3389/fphbi.2023.1284620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphbi.2023.1284620","url":null,"abstract":"Light plays a crucial role in ecological dynamics, both as a consumable resource and as an environmental factor. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic photoautotrophs use light as an energy source for photosynthesis, which forms the basis of food chains and determines the flow of energy and matter in ecosystems. Light availability and quality can influence resource complementarity and species coexistence, as well as the stoichiometry of primary producers and the transfer efficiency of food webs. In addition, light serves as an important source of information for organisms, influencing their activities and interactions with the environment. Light shapes biotic interactions, including competition, predator-prey relationships, and mutualistic and antagonistic relationships between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs. Anthropogenic activities affect these photoecological processes, with largely unknown consequences. Hence, understanding the ecological role and control of light is essential for understanding the functioning of ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles.","PeriodicalId":492177,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Photobiology","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photobiology: introduction, overview and challenges","authors":"Dario Leister","doi":"10.3389/fphbi.2023.1253330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphbi.2023.1253330","url":null,"abstract":"Photobiology is a broad field of research that studies the biological effects of light and has made huge advances in understanding fundamental questions such as how Photosynthesis works and in the area of medicine, which has a direct impact on society. Various specialties of Photobiology have been proposed, and to simplify the overview, six major fields are considered here: Photophysics and Photochemistry, Photosynthesis, Photoreception, Photomedicine, Optogenetics and Optical Bioimaging, and Ecological Photobiology. In this review, an introduction, description and examples are given for each of these major research areas. Current challenges in Photobiology include the understanding of non-visual Photoreception, complex photoreceptive mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic strategies that may depend on the results of advanced optogenetic approaches. Furthermore, the integration of Photobiology with other fields such as materials science and engineering may lead to artificial photoreceptors and bio-inspired light harvesting and artificial Photosynthesis systems. In an era of global change, understanding the effects of artificial light on organisms and ecosystems is essential to mitigate the ecological disruptions caused by artificial lighting. This non-exhaustive selection of research directions and challenges illustrates the complexity and breadth of Photobiology research.","PeriodicalId":492177,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Photobiology","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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