Environmental Reviews最新文献

{"title":"A review on the analytical methods, chemical structures, distribution characteristics, sources, and biogeochemical processes of dissolved black carbon","authors":"C. Zhan, Aiai Shu, Yongming Han, Junji Cao, Xianli Liu","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0092","url":null,"abstract":"Incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels yields a variety of chemically distinct pyrolysis residues collectively referred to as black carbon (BC). Among these residues, dissolved black carbon (DBC) constitutes the water-soluble fraction, making it a significant component of the global dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. Consequently, it exerts an impact on the aquatic carbon cycle and global climate change. Owing to its unique molecular structure, DBC exhibits reduced reactivity in aquatic environments, thereby influencing the toxicity and environmental geochemical behavior of organic pollutants and heavy metals. While recent years have seen a surge in studies on DBC, yielding valuable insights, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding the fate and cycling of DBC. This review consolidates the advancements in analytical and determination methods for DBC and offers a critical assessment of the advantages and limitations associated with various analytical techniques. Furthermore, it comprehensively surveys our current understanding of DBC, encompassing its molecular composition, spatial distribution, sources, and biogeochemical processes. The review also underscores prevailing challenges related to quantitative and qualitative methods and underscores research gaps concerning the physic-chemical transformation of DBC. The overarching aim is to advance our comprehension of the biogeochemical cycle of DBC.","PeriodicalId":49208,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":"60 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wetlands as integral parts of surface water – groundwater interactions in the Athabasca Oil Sands Area: review and synthesis","authors":"O. Volik, Richard Petrone, Jonathan Price","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Wetlands comprise unique water storage and conveyance mechanisms that maintain landscape integrity under the sub-humid climate in the Athabasca Oil Sands Area. In addition to their internal function, wetlands support a two-way hydrological connection to adjacent uplands and provide water for downstream water courses. Understanding the role of wetlands as integral parts of surface water (SW) – groundwater (GW) exchange can provide insights into the functioning of the hydrological system as a whole and contribute to thoughtful water management strategies and better coordination of monitoring efforts in the areas affected by oil sands (OS) activities. As such, this paper summarizes the current state of hydrological knowledge on the role of wetlands in SW – GW interactions based on studies conducted within the Western Boreal Plains. In particular, the role of wetland soils and their properties in SW – GW interactions, the effects of wetlands on landscape hydrological connectivity and watershed runoff, and features of ‘wetland – aquifer” and “wetland – open waterbody” interactions were reviewed. Given that alteration of SW – GW interactions in wetlands can occur as a result of anthropogenic disturbances, coordination of GW, SW, and wetland monitoring efforts and targeting areas where increased SW – GW exchange occurs would be beneficial for the economic and logistical efficiency of the OS monitoring network.","PeriodicalId":49208,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":"124 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Implementation in Canada’s Forest Ecosystems Part II: Successes and Barriers to Effective Implementation","authors":"Effah Kwabena Antwi, Henrike Burkhardt, John Boakye-Danquah, Tyler Christopher Doucet, Evisa Abolina","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0131","url":null,"abstract":"With its northern location, the exposure and vulnerability of Canada’s forest ecosystems to climate change impacts are all too glaring. While there is now an extensive body of literature describing expected climate change impacts and potential responses, studies characterizing the implementation of adaptation and mitigation practices in forest management remain rare in the Canadian forest sector. Using a systematic literature review approach, we examined reports on forest management practices implemented in response to climate change, specifically focusing on governance and institutional arrangements that either support or limit climate change adaptation and mitigation responses. Our literature sample size of 24 documents suggests that the body of literature reporting on adaptation and mitigation practices in Canadian forest management is scarce. Governments remain the dominant actors providing funding and leading the implementation and reporting of climate change adaptation activities, primarily in response to national or international climate change commitments. Forest practices such as enhanced silviculture, assisted migration, and nature-based solutions were the most frequently reported. However, given the scarcity of literature, it is difficult to conclude the scope of practice uptake in Canada. Barriers such as lack of information/data, inter-jurisdictional knowledge transfer, policy conflicts, forest tenure models, technical capacity gaps, and economic barriers to adaptation need to be overcome in order to strengthen climate change response in forest management in Canada. Better coordination of reporting at the provincial and national levels and improved information flows between the private and governments are needed.","PeriodicalId":49208,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Implementation in Canada’s Forest Ecosystems Part I: Reporting, Science and institutional/governance supporting practices in Canada","authors":"Effah Kwabena Antwi, Henrike Burkhardt, John Boakye-Danquah, Tyler Christopher Doucet, Evisa Abolina","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0130","url":null,"abstract":"Canada is recognized as a global leader in sustainable forest management. Canadian forests and the forest sector remain vital pillars of the Canadian economy and home to many rural and remote communities. However, climate change is an existential threat to the sustainability of forests and forest-dependent communities. While both direct and indirect threats posed by climate change to Canada’s forest sector are now well understood, our understanding of specific forest practices that have emerged from the body of science to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts is not well documented. Through a review of the scientific and grey literature, this paper expands our knowledge and operational gaps associated with implementing climate change adaptation and mitigation practices in Canadian forests. The study found a dearth of literature specifically dedicated to reporting on the type of forest practices currently in use across Canada to address mitigation and adaptation. Most reports or studies were published in 2019 or later, with federal and provincial governments being the dominant actors in reporting and monitoring, research, and funding. Across the 15 terrestrial ecozones in Canada, forest practices linked to climate change were reported in 12 ecozones, with most practices reported in the Montane Cordillera located in western Canada. Common forest practices reported include fuel management, assisted migration, enhanced silvicultural activities, and carbon offset projects. We conclude that climate change adaptation/mitigation practices in Canada are in their early stages of implementation. Many practices remain in experimental stages (e.g., genetic trials) or are implemented at a relatively small scale in Canada (e.g., climate-based seed transfer, carbon reserves). The literature suggests that the most mainstream practices associated with climate change mitigation in Canada include tree planting for carbon sequestration and the designation of protected areas to enhance ecosystem resilience. We conclude that despite increasing reports linking climate change benefits with reported forest practices, the reporting in the scientific literature is scarce, poorly reported, and often not grounded in credible evidence.","PeriodicalId":49208,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon sequestration and storage implications of three forest management regimes in the Wabanaki-Acadian Forest: A review of the evidence
","authors":"Emma Cox, Thomas M. Beckley, Megan de Graaf","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0097","url":null,"abstract":"Forests contain substantial carbon stores, including above and below ground, living and non-living biomass. Different management regimes produce different outcomes related to stored and sequestered carbon in forests. The geographic focus of this paper is the Wabanaki-Acadian Forest of the Maritime Provinces of Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island). This manuscript reviews literature to evaluate the carbon impacts of (1) intensive forest management for fiber products, (2) unharvested (or conservation) forest, and (3) climate-focused, ecological forestry. Each of these forest management strategies and concomitant silviculture regimes sequester and store carbon at varying rates and across different carbon pools in the forest. The literature suggests that unharvested (conservation) forests store and sequester the most carbon, and traditional, intensive fiber management stores and sequesters the least. Ecological forestry may provide the best balance between carbon sequestration and storage and climate adaptability, while also allowing for the provision of some timber/fibre products. This paper also discusses the co-benefits offered by forests under each of the three management regimes. New research, in general and in the region, needs to examine further below-ground carbon dynamics in soil as most efforts to document carbon focuses on above ground carbon pools.","PeriodicalId":49208,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-realm perspective on applying potential tipping points to environmental decision-making","authors":"Meagan Harper, Trina Rytwinski, Irena F. Creed, Brian Helmuth, John P Smol, Joseph R Bennett, Dalal Hanna, Leonardo A. Saravia, Juan Rocha, Charlotte Carrier-Belleau, Aubrey Foulk, Ana Hernandez Martinez De La Riva, Courtney Robichaud, Lauren Sallan, Angeli Sahdra, Steven J Cooke","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0042","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystems experiencing pressures are at risk of rapidly transitioning (‘tipping’) from one state to another. Identifying and managing these so-called tipping points continues to be a challenge in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems, particularly when multiple potentially interacting drivers are present. Knowledge of tipping points, the mechanisms that cause them, and their implications for management practices are evolving, but often in isolation within specific ecological realms. Here we summarize current knowledge of tipping points in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial realms, and provide a multi-realm perspective of the challenges and opportunities for applying this knowledge to ecosystem management. We brought together conservation practitioners and global experts in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial tipping points and identified seven challenges that environmental policymakers and managers contend with including: 1) predictability, 2) spatiotemporal scales, 3) interactions, 4) reversibility, 5) socio-ecological context, 6) complexity and heterogeneity, and 7) selecting appropriate action. We highlight opportunities for cross-scalar and cross-realm knowledge production and provide recommendations for enabling management of tipping points. Although knowledge of tipping points is imperfect, we stress the need to continue working towards incorporating tipping points perspectives in environmental management across all realms.","PeriodicalId":49208,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136063869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a quantitative definition of Cyanobacteria blooms","authors":"Diego Germán Frau","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0121","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria blooms represent a global problem with human health and economic and ecosystem nuisance effects. Until now, we have used arbitrary and sometimes confusing criteria to decide whether we are in the presence of a Cyanobacteria bloom. Through scientometric analysis of studies published between 1953 and 2022, I aimed to identify a threshold value that can be used to quantify Cyanobacteria blooms numerically. I considered several methodological approaches (field, field-experimental, and satellite data) and kinds of environments (coastal, marine, and continental ecosystems). The analysis revealed that 48% of the papers used “cyanobacteria bloom” or similar terms qualitatively without providing or employing a quantitative definition. These papers were focused on other topics related to the ecology of Cyanobacteria (78%), while some others (21%) defined blooms by using visual criteria (scum visualization or water discoloration). Of the other half (52%), a few were mathematical models or review papers (5%), while the rest (65%) defined blooms quantitatively. Of these, most reports (approximately 80%) were from eutrophic inland waters and reported mean values for blooms between 80 000 and 249 000 cells mL −1 or 41 and 69 µg L −1 of chlorophyll- a. Calculations were also carried out for oligotrophic to mesotrophic inland waters and marine-coastal waters, which had fewer reports available in the literature. This is a first attempt to identify a consensual definition based on values reported as blooms in nature, a threshold that can undoubtedly be useful in the future to make possible comparisons among several environments and temporal scales.","PeriodicalId":49208,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136355295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Note of appreciation","authors":"","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49208,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136244860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}