Archives of Ecotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Bamboo Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","authors":"David Mutisya Musyimi, Daniel Khasabulli Buyela, Francis Mbilu Kiema, T. K. Chebii","doi":"10.36547/ae.2023.5.2.45-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ae.2023.5.2.45-51","url":null,"abstract":"Plants contain bioactive compounds which can be used to develop novel antibiotics. There is need to search for new antimicrobial compounds to address the problem of microbial resistance against antibiotics. Little research has been done on phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Bambusa vulgaris. The study was designed to screen phytochemical compounds present in the roots and leaves extracts and to test antimicrobial activity of the extracts of Bambusa vulgaris against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Plants were collected from Maseno University Botanic Garden. Roots and leaves were dried separately, ground into fine powder and extracted using Soxhlet method. Phytochemicals: flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids and glycosides were tested. Thin layer chromatography plate was coated with silica gel. n-Hexane and Ethyl acetate were used as solvents in the ratio 2:3 respectively. Plant extracts were prepared; 25%, 50%, 75%, and100% (stock extract) and Positive control (Amoxicillin). The bacteria were inoculated into the nutrient agar. Antimicrobial activity of acetone extracts of leaves and roots were carried out by disc diffusion method. Diameter of inhibition zones was measured using a ruler. The leaves extracts were found to contain saponins, flavonoids, glycosides tannins and terpernoids. The root extracts contained saponins, glycosides and tannins. TLC revealed that there were 7 spots in the leaves and 4 spots in roots extract. Increase in concentration of the leaves and roots extracts of Bambusa vulgaris significantly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Leaves extracts showed a higher inhibition activity compared to roots. The growth inhibition may be attributed to the presence of the various phytocompounds. The study has shown that Bambusa vulgaris leaf methanol extract has antimicrobial activity against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and hence can be used as source of bioactive agents to control these pathogens.","PeriodicalId":491859,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Ecotoxicology","volume":"96 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Quality of Dairy Cow Bedding and the Occurrence of Environmental Mastitis: Review","authors":"Tomáš Jambor, Zdenek Drotar, Jozef Bires","doi":"10.36547/ae.2023.5.2.66-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ae.2023.5.2.66-69","url":null,"abstract":"An excessive incidence of inflammation of the mammary glands of dairy cows has been observed in many dairy farms in the past, which has been demonstrably correlated with an increased incidence of microbial pathogens in livestock environments. The causes of mastitis can be infectious or non-infectious in nature, one of the main sources of this disease is litter material in the lager. The issue of mastitis has a significant impact on the economic value of dairy cows and therefore it is necessary to create effective measures that eliminate the appearance of pathogenic microorganisms. In this respect, litter material obtained by physical separation and thermal treatment of slurry may represent a suitable alternative ensuring inhibition of the development of dangerous bacteria while maintaining the comfort of dairy cows. Current evidence on the safety and benefits of such material is limited and data on effects on clinical and/or subclinical mastitis are insufficient. In this review, therefore, we would like to shed light on the onset of mastitis in dairy cows and point out possible procedures for treating slurry in practice.","PeriodicalId":491859,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Ecotoxicology","volume":"93 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contamination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Processed Food: A Review","authors":"Mathias Bwala, Tijjani Sabiu Imam","doi":"10.36547/ae.2023.5.2.61-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ae.2023.5.2.61-65","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are wide range of environmental pollutants that commonly contaminate processed food as combustion by-products and constitute a wide range of toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic adverse health risk. PAHs as an endocrine disruptor can also interfere with the production, release, metabolism, and elimination of unwanted substance in the body or can mimic the occurrence of natural hormones. PAHs formed during food processing largely depends on a number of factors such as type of the food, heating and processing methods. The major sources of PAHs in the environment includes petrogenic, pyrogenic and biological sources. PAHs contamination on processed food via processes such as smoking, roasting, frying or grilling (barbecued) is a function of both the fat content in the food substance and its proximity to the heat source. Studies revealed that eating contaminated food substances can cause reduced pregnancy, foetal reabsorption, gastric neoplasms, increased liver weight, fibrosis, having neurological and carcinogenic risk. PAHs can be removed from the environment via the following processes of either Biodegradation, Photolysis degradation, Dry deposition and/or Wet deposition.","PeriodicalId":491859,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Ecotoxicology","volume":"91 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytonutrients, Acute Toxicity and the Effect of Dichloromethane-Methanol Extract of Cymbopogon citratus (DC. ex Nees) Stapf (Poaceae) on Selected Haematological Parameters in Normal Healthy Albino Rats.","authors":"Dinebari Berebon, Chimaobi Ugorji, Chigoziri F. Nwanaforo, None Ezinnewane N. Ezeibe, Somtochukwu A. Evurani, Restus C. Onwusoba, Chinenye N. Ugwu, Chibundo N. Okorie","doi":"10.36547/ae.2023.5.2.52-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ae.2023.5.2.52-60","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Dichloromethane-Methanol (DCM-MeOH) extract of Cymbopogon citratus on selected haematological parameters and to identify the phytochemical components present in the extract. The (DCM-MeOH) extract of the plant was obtained by 72 h cold maceration and was subjected to haematological screening. Four groups of rats were used; group 1 served as normal control which received distilled water, groups 2, 3, and 4 received daily administration of (DCM-MeOH) extract of C. citratus (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 21 days per oral. Haematological analyses were performed weekly for the red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and haemoglobin concentration (HB) with an absolute count of differential leucocyte were determined. The acute toxicity study on the extract did not produce any lethality up to 5000 mg/kg in mice. The result of the study showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect to varying degrees in the weight and haemoglobin while the RBC, PCV, differential leucocyte count (DLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) did not have significant (P > 0.05) effect as compared with the normal control group and baseline values. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids and reducing sugars while protein, carbohydrate, fat and oil, glycosides and saponins were absent in the extract. However, quantitative phytochemical studies showed that the extract contained alkaloids (465.83 mg/100g), flavonoids (119.00 mg/100g), tannins (16.25 mg/100g), terpenoids (203.36), total phenols (1897.58). The findings from this study showed that DCM-MeOH extract of C. citratus does not have any significant effect on most haematological parameters in normal healthy albino rats.","PeriodicalId":491859,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Ecotoxicology","volume":"108 41","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of rock meal based fertilizers towards duckweed (Lemna minor)","authors":"Donyo Ganchev","doi":"10.36547/ae.2023.5.2.40-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ae.2023.5.2.40-44","url":null,"abstract":"The rock meal based fertilizers were evaluated for their toxicity towards duckweed (Lemna minor). Lemna minor is a standard ecotoxicological object for testing aquatic plant toxicity of chemicals including pesticides, biocides, heavy metals and variable industrial substances and mixtures. In recent years so called rock meal based fertilizers gain popularity in organic and standard agriculture. They prove to be effective, easy to produce and available for farmers. Some of them can express additional induced system resistance activity or even direct fungicidal or insecticidal action. Although fertilizers are considered to be safe for most the aquatic organisms, they can be toxic under certain circumstances, especially due to the fact they are used often in large amounts nearby water basins. The conducted research reveals that in registered concentrations, all of the tested products do not cause any harmful effects on lemna minor. Some of them were completely safe for the plants even in 7-fold increasing concentrations. However, some of the tested fertilizers were founded to be more toxic for duckweed in much less increasing of their concentrations.","PeriodicalId":491859,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Ecotoxicology","volume":"108 46","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future perspectives of using recycled manure on dairy farms","authors":"Tomáš Jambor, Zdenek Drotar, Jozef Bires","doi":"10.36547/ae.2023.5.1.37-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ae.2023.5.1.37-39","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is inextricably linked with the production of not only the main types of food products, but also a significant amount of waste. Therefore, the main task of modern agroengineering today is to develop or test new, more efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural technologies based on the intelligent use of natural resources. Problems with livestock manure are well known to experts, but the rest of the population is practically unaware of them and considers them insignificant. Since its production is constantly growing and negatively affects the state of the environment, it is important to set up effective measures that will be sustainable and financially acceptable in the long term. Recycling livestock manure with subsequent use as bedding is the right ecological way to use livestock manure.","PeriodicalId":491859,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Ecotoxicology","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}