Kevin T. Wolff, Laura Baber, Christine A. Dozier, Roberto Cordeiro, Jonathan Muller
{"title":"Recidivism in Alternatives to Incarceration Programs across Thirteen Federal Districts","authors":"Kevin T. Wolff, Laura Baber, Christine A. Dozier, Roberto Cordeiro, Jonathan Muller","doi":"10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.141","url":null,"abstract":"The current study evaluates the effectiveness of Alternatives to Incarceration (ATI) programs in the federal criminal justice system across thirteen federal districts, particularly their impact on post-program recidivism. It explores the development and expansion of ATI programs, which offer defendants charged in federal court the opportunity to participate in a formal judge-led multi-disciplinary team program that emphasizes community-based rehabilitative approaches that target root causes of criminal behavior. These programs emphasize treatment over punishment while holding defendants accountable using proscribed protocols of sanctions and incentives. Depending on the rules of the individual program, defendants who successfully complete the program receive a reduced or non-incarcerate sentence, or have their charges dismissed. The study utilizes data from the participating districts to compare the outcomes of ATI participants with those of matched counterparts who did not participate in the programs. In addition to examining outcomes of defendants while on pretrial supervision, the study examines re-arrests for new criminal behavior one, two, and three years after defendants’ exit from the program. The results highlight the potential effectiveness of ATI programs in reducing both pretrial detention and post-sentence incarceration without expense to community safety. We emphasize the need for further research to validate and generalize the findings and suggest that ATI programs, given sufficient resources and policy support, could play a significant role in transforming the criminal justice system by prioritizing rehabilitation over incarceration.","PeriodicalId":491807,"journal":{"name":"Federal Sentencing Reporter","volume":"116 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140469768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on the Rewriting the Sentence II Summit on Alternatives to Incarceration","authors":"Hanna Liebman Dershowitz, Rachel Van Etten","doi":"10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.114","url":null,"abstract":"The Center for Justice and Human Dignity hosted the Rewriting the Sentence II Summit at George Washington Law October 17-18, 2023. This article reviews the presenters’ key comments and the leading insights set forth throughout the Summit regarding sentencing reform and the expansion of alternatives to incarceration. Notably, the sessions included the participation of directly impacted individuals alongside judges, prosecutors, and academics. Keynote speaker Dr. Alisha Moreland-Capuia, M.D. discussed trauma-informed systems change. Various federal and state judges shared their experiences in establishing new alternative to incarceration programs within their courts, exercising judicial discretion, and incorporating compassion and humanity in sentencing. Prosecutors discussed their own experiences of pursuing alternatives to incarceration in appropriate cases, and how their views have evolved. Judge Nancy Gertner presented a critical analysis of the federal sentencing guidelines and their effect on sentencing outcomes. Panelists also discussed current research findings on recidivism reduction, the modern landscape and implications of electronic monitoring, and the multitude of challenges facing jurisdictions in implementing more effective approaches to public safety across all stages of the criminal legal system. The Summit featured speeches from Federal Bureau of Prisons Director Colette Peters and the Chair of the U.S. Sentencing Commission, Hon. Carlton Reeves. Full session recordings can be found at www.cjhd.org/summit.","PeriodicalId":491807,"journal":{"name":"Federal Sentencing Reporter","volume":"287 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140469889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Keynote Speech at Rewriting the Sentence II Summit","authors":"Colette Peters","doi":"10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.138","url":null,"abstract":"Federal Bureau of Prisons Director Colette Peters spoke at the Rewriting the Sentence II Summit on October 17, 2023. Transcribed remarks include the Bureau of Prisons’ alignment with the criminal legal reform community in thinking differently about the experience of incarceration for individuals in custody and opportunities for reform that support positive and rehabilitative outcomes.","PeriodicalId":491807,"journal":{"name":"Federal Sentencing Reporter","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Follow the LEAD","authors":"Brendan Cox","doi":"10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.151","url":null,"abstract":"If we are ever going to be successful at reducing the footprint of the criminal legal system response to people with unmet behavioral health issues, or those living in extreme poverty we need true up-stream solutions. Solutions that include allowing police, system actors and community members an approach that recognizes harm, addresses the needs of people in a humane way, and increases public safety. Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion/Let Everyone Advance with Dignity (LEAD) is that response.\u0000 Established in 2011 in Seattle in response to the failed War on Drugs, and its disparate impact on people of color, LEAD seeks to stop the ineffective and often harmful responses of the criminal legal system, while increasing public safety. Instead of continuing the cycle of arrest, LEAD diverts people out of the criminal legal system and into a long-term system of care coordination. A collaborative view of public safety, LEAD initiatives coordinate high level system players while engaging communities in ensuring better outcomes on an individual and community level.\u0000 LEAD has been established in jurisdictions across the United States and continues to expand. An evidence-based practice, LEAD has been evaluated in multiple sites and proven an effective response to public safety. LEAD provides the upstream response to system change that is needed in all communities.","PeriodicalId":491807,"journal":{"name":"Federal Sentencing Reporter","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alternatives to Incarceration and the Sentencing Commission","authors":"Hon. Carlton W. Reeves","doi":"10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.130","url":null,"abstract":"In this piece, Chair of the U.S. Sentencing Commission Carlton W. Reeves makes a call for alternatives to incarceration. Noting that imprisonment was originally an “alternative” itself, insofar as it supplanted execution and slavery as forms of social control, Chair Reeves argues that incarceration has maintained its status as the default punishment because of its ability to make the costs of punishment invisible to the public. Pointing to the sentences of those who attempted to overthrow the government on January 6, 2021, Chair Reeves argues that non-carceral punishments that reflect mercy and empathy are available in the current system; the problem is that these things are provided to the few, rather than the many. All of this is to suggest that alternatives will be provided more broadly only when those who have experienced the realities of incarceration have their truths reflected in policymaking around sentencing. To spark that change, the Sentencing Commission must partner with scholars, journalists, practitioners, judges, and incarcerated people to develop more just, evidence-based policies.","PeriodicalId":491807,"journal":{"name":"Federal Sentencing Reporter","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Alternatives Agenda for the U.S. Sentencing Commission?","authors":"D. A. Berman","doi":"10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2024.36.3.111","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of alternatives to incarceration often seems at once forgotten and yet ever-present in the federal sentencing system. U.S. Sentencing Commission data indicate nine out of every ten federal sentences include terms of imprisonment, and yet the offenses and offenders in the federal system ought to permit great use of alternatives. This issue of FSR seeks to bring new attention to these topics, largely though the materials emerging from the Center for Justice and Human Dignity’s October 2023 “Rewriting the Sentence II Summit.” This event at George Washington University aspired to highlight how the full array of practitioners — judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys and other sentencing system actors — could make meaningful commitments to alternative to incarceration practices. This introductory essay provides context and framing for the materials that follow.","PeriodicalId":491807,"journal":{"name":"Federal Sentencing Reporter","volume":"228 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140470175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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