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Principle of Cumulative Concurrence of Tort and Contractual Liability in Polish Law 波兰法中的侵权与合同责任累加竞合原则
Osteuropa-Recht Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-28
Maciej Bujalski
{"title":"Principle of Cumulative Concurrence of Tort and Contractual Liability in Polish Law","authors":"Maciej Bujalski","doi":"10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-28","url":null,"abstract":"This article is dedicated to the relationship between tort and contractual liability in Polish law whereby if a breach of contract constitutes a tort at the same time, the victim-creditor may claim payment of damages under either of the two regimes. However, due to the principle of cumulative concurrence of tort and contractual liability, the damage be compensated only once. This article analyses the requirements for the application and exclusion of this so-called cumul principle, concentrating in particular on exclusion by contract and by mandatory law. The consequences of the permissibility of claiming payment of damages on the basis of the two liability regimes are also assessed, analysing in particular the possibility of redressing moral damage resulting from a breach of contract and the impact of contractual modifications of liability on the application of both regimes. It was also presented how the Polish model of cumulative concurrence of tort and contractual liability deals with the differences between both regimes, such as the burden of proof, the statute of limitations and the special rule concerning the set-off of tort claims.","PeriodicalId":489412,"journal":{"name":"Osteuropa-Recht","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135612539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AUS JUSTIZ UND RECHTSPRECHUNG IN OSTEUROPA 我来自东欧各地
Osteuropa-Recht Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-119
{"title":"AUS JUSTIZ UND RECHTSPRECHUNG IN OSTEUROPA","authors":"","doi":"10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":489412,"journal":{"name":"Osteuropa-Recht","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135660116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Die Diskreditierung der russischen Streitkräfte nach Art. 20.3.3 des Verwaltungsstrafgesetzbuches unter Einbeziehung der Entscheidungen der Gerichte in der Russischen Föderation 按照203.3规定的阵列处罚令令俄国军队应该服从俄罗斯联邦法院判决
Osteuropa-Recht Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-65
Anna Novitskaya
{"title":"Die Diskreditierung der russischen Streitkräfte nach Art. 20.3.3 des Verwaltungsstrafgesetzbuches unter Einbeziehung der Entscheidungen der Gerichte in der Russischen Föderation","authors":"Anna Novitskaya","doi":"10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-65","url":null,"abstract":"Immediately after the Russian army's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Russia created new administrative and criminal offences, which placed discussions about Russia's violent actions against neighbouring Ukraine under draconian sanctions. Individual formulations can be traced back to Soviet legislation directed against statements directed against official policy. In the following, the offence of Article 20.3.3 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences is presented and analysed in the light of the practice known to date. It is shown that the offence, which has been broadly interpreted by the courts, has been even more expanded with effect from March 2023. A technique already “tried and tested” in the past years is applied, according to which the repeated conviction for an administrative offence leads to criminal punishment. Case law has already shown a wide variety of cases; decisions restricting the elements of the offence in the light of fundamental rights have not been able to prevail in the courts of appeal and cassation. The Constitutional Court considers the offence to be constitutional even in its extensive application by the courts.","PeriodicalId":489412,"journal":{"name":"Osteuropa-Recht","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135612534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolution des russischen Rechtssystems und der russischen Staatlichkeit seit der Jahrtausendwende 千百年来俄罗斯法律制度和国家地位的演变
Osteuropa-Recht Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-56
Igor Vasev
{"title":"Evolution des russischen Rechtssystems und der russischen Staatlichkeit seit der Jahrtausendwende","authors":"Igor Vasev","doi":"10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-56","url":null,"abstract":"Under the condition of the full-fleged war of Russia against Ukraine, contemporary Russian state and law are attracting the attention of numerous international scholars. However, this attention is not driven by a desire to study the national functioning of the Russian state and its legal system, but rather by a desire to understand what developments have led the Russian state to the catastrophe of 2022. This article attempts to examine Russian law and the Russian state in terms of their main trends over the last 20 years. The topics “Abolition of federalism”, “Consolidation of presidential power”, “Ideologisation of state policy”, “Militarisation of public consciousness”, “Harsher repressive measures and abolition of freedom of expression”, “Possible return to the death penalty”, “Legislation on 'foreign agents'” as well as “Religious freedom” offer a kind of “kaleidoscopic” view of Russia's politico-legal landscape. Significant turning points are highlighted, providing insight into how, for example, changes in Russian federalism policy or in the position of the Constitutional Court regarding the death penalty in the Russian Federation are directly linked to the creation of dictatorship.","PeriodicalId":489412,"journal":{"name":"Osteuropa-Recht","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135612535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolution of the Statutory Property Regime in Poland from the Perspective of the Marital Functions 从婚姻功能看波兰法定财产制度的演变
Osteuropa-Recht Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-13
Karolina Wróbel
{"title":"Evolution of the Statutory Property Regime in Poland from the Perspective of the Marital Functions","authors":"Karolina Wróbel","doi":"10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-13","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid technological progress is a feature of our times, which is fuelling the phenomenon of globalisation. National legal systems therefore face the challenge of coping with new social problems which could not have been considered during the legislative process. These considerations also apply to family law. Society is increasingly undermining long-standing expectations about gender roles by making new demands, which may result in unsuitable or contradictory legislative solutions. However, focusing only on current issues without an in-depth analysis of the existing legislative and scientific acquis risks introducing regulations that may not work properly in practice. This article focuses on the evolution of the statutory matrimonial property regime in Poland taking into account the sociological functions of marriage. Such action allows for a comprehensive assessment of individual solutions and allows to signal possible problems that should be the subject of future amendments.","PeriodicalId":489412,"journal":{"name":"Osteuropa-Recht","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135612533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Titelei /目录。
Osteuropa-Recht Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-i
{"title":"Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis","authors":"","doi":"10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-i","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":489412,"journal":{"name":"Osteuropa-Recht","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135612536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interaktion zwischen Antidiskriminierungs- und Zivilrecht in Bulgarien 保加利亚反垄断和民法之间的相互作用
Osteuropa-Recht Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-4
Dimitar Stoimenov
{"title":"Interaktion zwischen Antidiskriminierungs- und Zivilrecht in Bulgarien","authors":"Dimitar Stoimenov","doi":"10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Following its accession to the EU in 2007, Bulgaria amended its Law for Protection against Discrimination (originally adopted in 2003) to implement the relevant part of the acquis communautaire. The law takes account for indirect and direct discrimination and has a strong impact on private law. Victims of discriminatory practices can choose between administrative and private law remedies, but only private law remedies provide for compensation for damages (including for moral injury). There is some case law relating to consumer credits where customers have sued banks for age discrimination. The law contains specific guarantees against discrimination in working life. In addition, the Constitutional Court examined a case concerning the constitutionality of provisions prohibiting access to public office for persons formerly working for the state security services.","PeriodicalId":489412,"journal":{"name":"Osteuropa-Recht","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135613871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Russische Gesetzgebung zur Stabilisierung der Wirtschaft 稳定俄国经济的法律
Osteuropa-Recht Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-92
Hans-Joachim Schramm
{"title":"Russische Gesetzgebung zur Stabilisierung der Wirtschaft","authors":"Hans-Joachim Schramm","doi":"10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-92","url":null,"abstract":"Sofort nach Beginn der massiven Sanktionen, die die EU als Reaktion auf den Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine verhängt hatte, ergriff Russland Maßnahmen zur Stabilisierung der Wirtschaft. Ab dem 28. Februar wurde eine Reihe von Präsidialerlassen verabschiedet, um die Auswirkungen der Sanktionen abzumildern. Bemerkenswert ist, dass die gesetzliche Grundlage dafür bereits 2018 geschaffen wurde. Die Maßnahmen umfassen eine Regelung zum obligatorischen Umtausch von Einnahmen in Fremdwährung, Beschränkungen für die Ausfuhr von Fremdwährung und eine Reihe von Maßnahmen zur Stützung der Aktienkurse nationaler Unternehmen. Andere gesetzgeberische Maßnahmen beschränken die Ein- und Ausfuhr bestimmter Waren, hauptsächlich um die lokalen Währungs- und Warenmärkte zu stützen. Insbesondere in den ersten Monaten nach dem Einmarsch in die Ukraine versuchte Russland, die Käufer zu zwingen, Öl und Gas in Rubeln und nicht in Euro oder US-Dollar zu bezahlen. Um die einheimischen Produzenten zu unterstützen, ließ Russland Parallelimporte und Zwangspatente zu. Weitere Maßnahmen sind der Verzicht auf und die Lockerung von Finanzvorschriften sowie direkte Subventionen. Allein die Bandbreite der von der russischen Regierung ergriffenen Maßnahmen deutet darauf hin, dass die Sanktionen Russland erhebliche Schwierigkeiten bereiten.","PeriodicalId":489412,"journal":{"name":"Osteuropa-Recht","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135612532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Development of the Process of Informatization, Digitalization and the Place of Information in the Kazakh Legal System 哈萨克斯坦法律体系信息化、数字化进程的发展及其信息地位
Osteuropa-Recht Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-45
Aizhan Abdrassulova
{"title":"The Development of the Process of Informatization, Digitalization and the Place of Information in the Kazakh Legal System","authors":"Aizhan Abdrassulova","doi":"10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-45","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Kazakhstan is currently experiencing global changes and rapid development in the field of digitalization and information services. The issue of improving the regulatory and legal regulation of information turnover, provided through the use of information technologies, at the present stage is one of the most urgent for the country's management and financial systems. The question of the place of information in legislation, the direction in which the country is moving in the field of digitalization, is acute. The purposes of this article are: to investigate and draw conclusions about the success of the state programs adopted by Kazakhstan regarding digitalization; to determine the place of information in the array of civil law norms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, identifying existing gaps and contradictions, which are still numerous; to classify the information from the perspective of the civil law’s categories, analyzing data ownership concept from the perspective of Kazakh law system; to consider the category of digital asset in the Kazakh legislation - scientific discussions, legal consequences. Having analyzed the above, the final part of the article intends to draw a conclusion about significant shortcomings, questionable aspects and suggest ways to resolve them.","PeriodicalId":489412,"journal":{"name":"Osteuropa-Recht","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135613872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AUS DEM SCHRIFTTUM 从文献中
Osteuropa-Recht Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-101
{"title":"AUS DEM SCHRIFTTUM","authors":"","doi":"10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":489412,"journal":{"name":"Osteuropa-Recht","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135660359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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